Census of Marine Life: Climate change, ecosystems, and biodiversity

Census of Marine Life: Climate change, ecosystems, and biodiversity

Proposed Activities for SCOR Technology Panel 2008-2010.

Dr Alex David Rogers,Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society

of London(Alex.Rogers@ioz.ac.uk)

Panel activities to datePanel activities to datePanel activities to datePanel activities to date

• Liason with CoML research projects related to Liason with CoML research projects related to technology issuestechnology issues

• Review of all CoML project renewal proposalsReview of all CoML project renewal proposals• Review of the CoML methodologies documentReview of the CoML methodologies document• Annual panel meetings with representatives from Annual panel meetings with representatives from

projectsprojects• Special session at Techno-Ocean 2006Special session at Techno-Ocean 2006• Special workshop on geo-location of animal tags Special workshop on geo-location of animal tags

(resulted in Report and summary papers (resulted in Report and summary papers submitted)submitted)

The changing oceanThe changing oceanThe changing oceanThe changing ocean

Nellemann, C., Hain, S., and Alder, J. (Eds). February 2008.In Dead Water – Merging of climate change with pollution,over-harvest, and infestations in the world’s fishing grounds.United Nations Environment Programme, GRID-Arendal,Norway, www.grida.no

The oceans are part of the The oceans are part of the Earth SystemEarth System

The oceans are part of the The oceans are part of the Earth SystemEarth System

Global integrated ecosystem Global integrated ecosystem assessmentsassessments

Global integrated ecosystem Global integrated ecosystem assessmentsassessments

• Most are focused on coastal or shallow-Most are focused on coastal or shallow-water ecosystemswater ecosystems

• Emphasis on fisheries and in some cases Emphasis on fisheries and in some cases processes affecting cycling of major processes affecting cycling of major nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus)nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus)

• Very broad in geographic scale and Very broad in geographic scale and thematic scopethematic scope

• Limitations of existing marine datasetsLimitations of existing marine datasets

Step change in knowledge of Step change in knowledge of marine ecosystemsmarine ecosystems

Step change in knowledge of Step change in knowledge of marine ecosystemsmarine ecosystems

• Marine biologists have traditionally Marine biologists have traditionally concentrated on small-scale concentrated on small-scale experimentally tractable systemsexperimentally tractable systems

• Climate change means that we need an Climate change means that we need an understanding of biological processes at understanding of biological processes at the ocean basin scale on short to long the ocean basin scale on short to long timescalestimescales

• Requires a massive change in approaches Requires a massive change in approaches and technology (CoML is achieving this)and technology (CoML is achieving this)

Proposed activities 2008-2010Proposed activities 2008-2010Proposed activities 2008-2010Proposed activities 2008-2010

• Cross-project syntheses (book / special Cross-project syntheses (book / special issue journal)issue journal)

• Workshop on ocean biological observatoriesWorkshop on ocean biological observatories• Geolocation of tagged animalsGeolocation of tagged animals• Panel websitePanel website

Synthesis – Technological LegacySynthesis – Technological Legacy

Cross-project synthesisCross-project synthesis((Making the Oceans TransparentMaking the Oceans Transparent))

Cross-project synthesisCross-project synthesis((Making the Oceans TransparentMaking the Oceans Transparent))

• Based on technologiesBased on technologiese.g. acoustics, optical appraoches, e.g. acoustics, optical appraoches,

AUVs, image analysis,electronic tags, DNA-AUVs, image analysis,electronic tags, DNA-barcoding barcoding

• Technology synthesis meeting – end 2008Technology synthesis meeting – end 2008• Participants will be drawn from CoML projectsParticipants will be drawn from CoML projects• Each technology will generate a cross-cutting Each technology will generate a cross-cutting

paper or chapter (Special Issue or Book?)paper or chapter (Special Issue or Book?)• Also paper targeted at public on websiteAlso paper targeted at public on website• Gap identification and horizon-scanning in Gap identification and horizon-scanning in

relation to large-scale ocean science relation to large-scale ocean science programmes and global assessmentsprogrammes and global assessments

Tagging and trackingTagging and trackingTagging and trackingTagging and tracking

• New data on habitat use by marine New data on habitat use by marine animalsanimals

• Distribution of marine animals in relation to Distribution of marine animals in relation to the dynamic ocean (what areas/features the dynamic ocean (what areas/features are important to biology)are important to biology)

• Animals as ocean observersAnimals as ocean observers• Identification of potential / actual Identification of potential / actual

interactions between animals and human interactions between animals and human activities (e.g. fishing)activities (e.g. fishing)

salmon smolt

V9 - 2y program

V9 - >4 mo life

V7 - >4 mo lifeV6 - pre-production

VEMCO R-code Acoustic

Tags talk to receivers on the seabed

Acoustic Tag Technology

green sturgeon

Accelerating the Development and Testing of Novel TAGS: SRDL to GPS, CTD

CTD GPS

Tagging to understand continental shelf migrations

“POST” system; Lines of receivers create coastal “curtains” across shelf

Tagged animal crosses curtainand the occurrence is recorded in receiver

Overlapping tracks from 12 species

Tagging to understandopen ocean migrations

Longest animal migration distance ever recorded

electronicallyOver 60,000 miles per year

Top Predators: TOPP

19 sooty shearwaters262 days

220 Temperature

Animal OceanographersNorthern Elephant Seals

7 seals tracked during 2-3 month summer feeding migrations

Some animals Some animals dive 1000mdive 1000m

TaggingTaggingTaggingTagging

• Follow-up on recommendations by the 2007 workshopFollow-up on recommendations by the 2007 workshop• Further workshops / meetings / meeting sessions on this Further workshops / meetings / meeting sessions on this

topic (2010)topic (2010)• Final paper to document panels work on this topic (Gunn, Final paper to document panels work on this topic (Gunn,

Block)Block)• Integrate with specific synthesis projectsIntegrate with specific synthesis projects

- Animals as ocean sensors- Animals as ocean sensors- Developing new tag technologies- Developing new tag technologies

• Examine tagging technology in the light of GOOS and Examine tagging technology in the light of GOOS and other global marine science / global assessment other global marine science / global assessment programmes.programmes.

Tagging meeting proposalsTagging meeting proposalsTagging meeting proposalsTagging meeting proposals

• Animals as Ocean ObserversAnimals as Ocean Observers- Deliver animal-collected data to a - Deliver animal-collected data to a synthetic portal.synthetic portal.- Integration of data across EUTOPIA, - Integration of data across EUTOPIA,

POST, TOPP.POST, TOPP.• Developing New Tagging TechnologiesDeveloping New Tagging Technologies

- Two workshops to develop new- Two workshops to develop newintegrated tags using satellite and archival integrated tags using satellite and archival tags and acoustic technology.tags and acoustic technology.- Brings in industry.- Brings in industry.

GOOS – The challengeGOOS – The challengeGOOS – The challengeGOOS – The challenge

To which of the 6 societal goals/benefits of GOOS are To which of the 6 societal goals/benefits of GOOS are CoML programs most applicable? CoML programs most applicable? Improve the safety and efficiency of marine Improve the safety and efficiency of marine

operationsoperations More effectively control and mitigate the effects of More effectively control and mitigate the effects of

natural hazardsnatural hazards Improve the capacity to detect and predict the Improve the capacity to detect and predict the

effects of global climate change on coastal effects of global climate change on coastal ecosystemsecosystems

Reduce public health risksReduce public health risks More effectively protect and restore healthy More effectively protect and restore healthy

ecosystemsecosystems Restore and sustain living marine resourcesRestore and sustain living marine resources

Current network of GOOS Current network of GOOS monitoring activitiesmonitoring activities

Current network of GOOS Current network of GOOS monitoring activitiesmonitoring activities

Ocean Tracking NetworkOcean Tracking Network

Ocean Tracking Network (OTN) links acoustic and archival technologies of shelf (POST) and open ocean (TOPP)

biological & physical data

In 5 years could be global, seamless

Globally shared software &

database, integrated with GOOS

Benefit of merging datasetsBenefit of merging datasets

Argo• higher accuracy • higher vertical resolution• every 10 days• freely drifting• 2000 dbar

Animals• higher temporal resolution (daily)• higher spatial resolution (<50km)• along animal migrations• up to 2000 dbar * 2004 * 2005

TOPP website serves

positionson 150

top predators

daily

Near real time data collection(Now-casting)

What other biological parameters What other biological parameters should GOOS be monitoring?should GOOS be monitoring?

What other biological parameters What other biological parameters should GOOS be monitoring?should GOOS be monitoring?

• Molecular technologiesMolecular technologies- Harmful marine algae- Harmful marine algae- Microbial communities- Microbial communities

• Intertidal surveys (through Regional Alliances)Intertidal surveys (through Regional Alliances)- Changes in species presence / abundance- Changes in species presence / abundance- Occurrence of invasives- Occurrence of invasives

• Indicators within marine communitiesIndicators within marine communities- Plankton communities (SAHFOS)- Plankton communities (SAHFOS)

• Acoustic monitoringAcoustic monitoring- Diurnal plankton migration- Diurnal plankton migration- Cetaceans- Cetaceans

• Physical measurementsPhysical measurements- Oxygen- Oxygen- pH- pH AND MANY MORE…..,.AND MANY MORE…..,.

The Website……The Website……The Website……The Website……

• Some existing funds left and will be used to Some existing funds left and will be used to get website back up and running (1 month)get website back up and running (1 month)

• To be redesigned by CoML E&O team at the To be redesigned by CoML E&O team at the University of Rhode IslandUniversity of Rhode Island

• Content will be enhanced through input Content will be enhanced through input associated with the synthesis activitiesassociated with the synthesis activities

• Specific documents targeted at public / Specific documents targeted at public / policy makerspolicy makers

• Will contain existing information on Will contain existing information on technologies with key references and linkstechnologies with key references and links

TimetableTimetableTimetableTimetable

• July, 2008 Formation of new panelJuly, 2008 Formation of new panel• August, 2008 Agree time and venue for synthesis August, 2008 Agree time and venue for synthesis

meetingmeeting• Nov/Dec 2008 Synthesis meetingNov/Dec 2008 Synthesis meeting• Aug 2009 Synthesis papers submittedAug 2009 Synthesis papers submitted• September 2009 Workshop on ocean biology September 2009 Workshop on ocean biology

observatoriesobservatories• Early 2010 Follow up workshop on taggingEarly 2010 Follow up workshop on tagging• October 2010 – CoML finale.October 2010 – CoML finale.

Referees commentsReferees commentsReferees commentsReferees comments

•Panel compositionPanel composition

•Outreach scientistsOutreach scientists

•Outreach industryOutreach industry

•Linkage to other synthesis activitiesLinkage to other synthesis activities

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

• SCOR (Ed Urban)• The Technology Panel (Geoff Arnold,Elgar

de Sa, David Farmer, Gaby Gorsky, John Gunn, Antonio Pascoal, Heidi Sosik, Song Sun, Bob Ward)

• Also Barbara Block, Dan Costa, Lew Incze