center for information technology research in the interest of society jim demmel, chief scientist ...
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Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society
Jim Demmel, Chief Scientist
www.citris.berkeley.edu
UC Santa CruzUC Santa Cruz
CCenter For enter For IInformation nformation TTechnology echnology RResearch In esearch In The The IInterest Of nterest Of SSocietyociety
Major new initiative within the College of Engineering and on the Major new initiative within the College of Engineering and on the Berkeley CampusBerkeley Campus
Joint with UC Davis, UC Merced, UC Santa Cruz, LBNL, LLNLJoint with UC Davis, UC Merced, UC Santa Cruz, LBNL, LLNL Over 90 faculty from 21 departmentsOver 90 faculty from 21 departments Many industrial partnersMany industrial partners Significant State and private supportSignificant State and private support CITRIS will focus on IT solutions to tough, quality-of-life related CITRIS will focus on IT solutions to tough, quality-of-life related
problemsproblems
“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizenscan change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”
–Margaret Mead
OutlineOutline Scientific Agenda OverviewScientific Agenda Overview
Applications, Systems, FoundationsApplications, Systems, Foundations Hardware and Software Building Blocks Hardware and Software Building Blocks
Sensor Networks, Handheld devices, Wireless Networks, ClustersSensor Networks, Handheld devices, Wireless Networks, Clusters Organizational Building Blocks Organizational Building Blocks
New personnel and facilitiesNew personnel and facilities Affiliated research centers and activitiesAffiliated research centers and activities
Financial Building BlocksFinancial Building Blocks Industrial partners, fundingIndustrial partners, funding Current grantsCurrent grants
Putting the Social into CITRISPutting the Social into CITRIS Smart Energy – one application in detailSmart Energy – one application in detail Next stepsNext steps
Scientific Agenda OverviewScientific Agenda Overview
Technology Invention in a Social Context: Quality of Life
Impact
Energy Efficiency Transportation Planning Monitoring Health Care
Education Land and Environment Disaster Response
Technology Invention in a Social Context: Quality of Life
Impact
The CITRIS ModelThe CITRIS Model
Core Core TechnologiesTechnologies
ApplicationsApplications
FoundationsFoundations• ReliablityReliablity• AvailabilityAvailability• Security,Security,• AlgorithmsAlgorithms• Social, policy issuesSocial, policy issues
• Distributed Info SystemsDistributed Info Systems• Micro sensors/actuatorsMicro sensors/actuators• Human-Comp InteractionHuman-Comp Interaction• Prototype DeploymentPrototype Deployment
• Initially Leverage ExistingInitially Leverage Existing Expertise on campuses Expertise on campuses
Societal-Scale Information SystemsSocietal-Scale Information Systems(SIS)(SIS)
Initial CITRIS Applications (1)Initial CITRIS Applications (1) Saving EnergySaving Energy
Smart Buildings that adjust to inhabitantsSmart Buildings that adjust to inhabitants Make energy deregulation work via real-time metering and pricingMake energy deregulation work via real-time metering and pricing Large potential savings in energy costs: for US commercial buildingsLarge potential savings in energy costs: for US commercial buildings
Turning down heat, lights saves up to $55B/year, 35M tons C emission/year 30% of $45B/year energy bill is from “broken systems”
Transportation SystemsTransportation Systems Use SISs to improve the efficiency and utility of highways while reducing pollution Use SISs to improve the efficiency and utility of highways while reducing pollution Improve carpooling efficiency using advanced schedulingImprove carpooling efficiency using advanced scheduling Improve freeway utilization by managing traffic flowsImprove freeway utilization by managing traffic flows Large potential savings in commuter time, lost wages, fuel, pollution: for CALarge potential savings in commuter time, lost wages, fuel, pollution: for CA
15 minutes/commuter/day => $15B/year in wages $600M/year in trucking costs, 150K gallons of fuel/day
Disaster Mitigation (natural and otherwise)Disaster Mitigation (natural and otherwise) $100B-$200B loss in “Big One”, 5K to 10K deaths$100B-$200B loss in “Big One”, 5K to 10K deaths Monitor buildings, bridges, lifeline systems to assess damage after disasterMonitor buildings, bridges, lifeline systems to assess damage after disaster Provide efficient, personalized responsesProvide efficient, personalized responses Must function at maximum performance under very difficult circumstancesMust function at maximum performance under very difficult circumstances
Initial CITRIS Applications (2)Initial CITRIS Applications (2) Distributed BiomonitoringDistributed Biomonitoring
Wristband biomonitors for chronic illness and the elderlyWristband biomonitors for chronic illness and the elderly Monitored remotely 24x7x365Monitored remotely 24x7x365 Emergency response and potential remote drug deliveryEmergency response and potential remote drug delivery Cardiac ArrestCardiac Arrest
Raise out-of-hospital survival rate from 6% to 20% => save 60K lives/year
Distributed EducationDistributed Education Smart ClassroomsSmart Classrooms Lifelong Learning Center for professional educationLifelong Learning Center for professional education Develop electronic versions of UC Merced’s undergraduate CS curriculumDevelop electronic versions of UC Merced’s undergraduate CS curriculum
CS3 by Summer 2002
Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental MonitoringMonitor air quality near highways to meet Federal guidelinesMonitor air quality near highways to meet Federal guidelines
Mutual impact of urban and agricultural areasMutual impact of urban and agricultural areas
Monitor water shed response to climate events and land use changesMonitor water shed response to climate events and land use changes
Societal-Scale Systems
“Client”
“Server”
Clusters
Massive Cluster
Gigabit Ethernet
New System Architectures
New Enabled ApplicationsDiverse, Connected, Physical,
Virtual, Fluid
MEMSSensors
Scalable, Reliable,Secure Services
InformationAppliances
Societal-Scale Information System (SIS) Information Utility
– Planetary-scale/non-stop; secure, reliable, high-performance access, even when overloaded, down, disconnected, under repair, under attack
Smart System– Learns usage/adapts functions & interfaces
Managing Diversity– Component plug-and-play; integrate sensors /
actuators, hand-held appliances, workstations, building-sized cluster supercomputers
Always Connected– Short-range wireless nets to high-bandwidth,
high-latency long-haul optical backbones
Some SIS Design Research ProblemsSome SIS Design Research Problems
Sensor network level architectureSensor network level architecture Culler, Pister, Rabaey, Brodersen, Boser,…Culler, Pister, Rabaey, Brodersen, Boser,… How to program, synch, maintain sensor netHow to program, synch, maintain sensor net
Service architecture for distributed systemsService architecture for distributed systems Katz, Joseph, Kubiatowicz, Brewer, …Katz, Joseph, Kubiatowicz, Brewer, … How to create, peer, interface services in real timeHow to create, peer, interface services in real time
Adaptive data management and query processingAdaptive data management and query processing Franklin, Hellerstein, …Franklin, Hellerstein, … How to collect, summarize, filter, index sensor dataHow to collect, summarize, filter, index sensor data
Human centered computingHuman centered computing Canny, Hearst, Landay, Mankoff, Morgan, Feldman, …Canny, Hearst, Landay, Mankoff, Morgan, Feldman, … How to determine and support needs of diverse usersHow to determine and support needs of diverse users
Some Foundational Research ProblemsSome Foundational Research Problems How do we make SISs How do we make SISs securesecure? ?
Tygar, Wagner, Samuelson, …Tygar, Wagner, Samuelson, … Lightweight authentication and digital signaturesLightweight authentication and digital signatures Graceful degradation after intrusionGraceful degradation after intrusion Protecting privacy, impact of related legislationProtecting privacy, impact of related legislation
How do we make SISs How do we make SISs reliablereliable? ? Henzinger, Aiken, Necula, Sastry, Wagner, …Henzinger, Aiken, Necula, Sastry, Wagner, … Complexity => hybrid modelingComplexity => hybrid modeling Multi-aspect interfaces to reason about propertiesMulti-aspect interfaces to reason about properties Software quality => combined static/dynamic analysisSoftware quality => combined static/dynamic analysis
How do we make SISs How do we make SISs availableavailable? ? Patterson, Yelick, …Patterson, Yelick, … Repair-Centric DesignRepair-Centric Design Availability modeling and benchmarkingAvailability modeling and benchmarking Performance fault adaptationPerformance fault adaptation
What What algorithmsalgorithms do we need? do we need? Papadimitriou, Demmel, Jordan, …Papadimitriou, Demmel, Jordan, … Algorithm to design, operate and exploit data from SISsAlgorithm to design, operate and exploit data from SISs
Hardware and Software Building BlocksHardware and Software Building Blocks
Experimental Testbeds in UCB EECSExperimental Testbeds in UCB EECS
NetworkInfrastructure
GSMBTS
Millennium Cluster
Millennium Cluster
WLAN /Bluetooth
Pager
IBMWorkPad
CF788
MC-16
MotorolaPagewriter 2000
Velo
TCI @HomeAdaptive Broadband LMDS
H.323GW
Nino
Smart ClassroomsAudio/Video Capture Rooms
Pervasive Computing LabCoLab
Soda Hall
CalRen/Internet2/NGI
SmartDust
LCD Displays
WearableDisplays
PicoRadio PicoRadio Extending the Scope and … Pushing the EnvelopeExtending the Scope and … Pushing the Envelope
Cafe
Offices
Exhibits
Wireless node
Entrance
Smart DustSmart DustMEMS-Scale Sensors/Actuators/CommunicatorsMEMS-Scale Sensors/Actuators/Communicators
Create a dynamic, ad-hoc network of power-aware sensorsCreate a dynamic, ad-hoc network of power-aware sensors Explore system design issuesExplore system design issues Provide a platform to test Dust componentsProvide a platform to test Dust components Use off the shelf components initiallyUse off the shelf components initially
Current One-Inch Networked SensorCurrent One-Inch Networked SensorCuller, PisterCuller, Pister
1” x 1.5” motherboard1” x 1.5” motherboard ATMEL 4Mhz, 8bit MCU, 512 bytes RAM, 8K pgm flashATMEL 4Mhz, 8bit MCU, 512 bytes RAM, 8K pgm flash 900Mhz Radio (RF Monolithics) 10-100 ft. range900Mhz Radio (RF Monolithics) 10-100 ft. range Radio Signal strength control and sensingRadio Signal strength control and sensing Base-station readyBase-station ready stackable expansion connector stackable expansion connector
all ports, i2c, pwr, clock…
Several sensor boardsSeveral sensor boards basic protoboardbasic protoboard tiny weather station (temp,light,hum,press)tiny weather station (temp,light,hum,press) vibrations (2d acc, temp, light)vibrations (2d acc, temp, light) accelerometersaccelerometers magnetometersmagnetometers
TinyOS ApproachTinyOS ApproachStylized programming model with extensive static informationStylized programming model with extensive static information
Program = graph of TOS componentsProgram = graph of TOS components TOS component = command/event interface + behaviorTOS component = command/event interface + behavior
Rich expression of concurrencyRich expression of concurrency Events propagate across many componentsEvents propagate across many components Tasks provide internal concurrencyTasks provide internal concurrency
Regimented storage managementRegimented storage managementVery simple implementationVery simple implementation
For More see For More see http://http://tinyostinyos.millennium..millennium.berkeleyberkeley..eduedu
Emerging “de facto” tiny system Emerging “de facto” tiny system
Feb. 01 bootcampFeb. 01 bootcamp 40 people 40 people UCB, UCLA, USC, Cornell, UCB, UCLA, USC, Cornell,
Rutgers, Wash., Rutgers, Wash., LANL, Bosch, Accenture, LANL, Bosch, Accenture,
Intel, crossbowIntel, crossbow
Several groups actively developing around tinyOS on Several groups actively developing around tinyOS on “rene” node“rene” node
Concurrency framework has held up well.Concurrency framework has held up well. Next generation(s) selected as DARPA networked Next generation(s) selected as DARPA networked
embedded system tech (NEST) open platformembedded system tech (NEST) open platform Smaller building blocks for ubicompSmaller building blocks for ubicomp
Micro Flying InsectMicro Flying Insect ONR MURI/ DARPA fundedONR MURI/ DARPA funded Year 3 of 5 year projectYear 3 of 5 year project Professors Dickinson, Fearing (PI), Professors Dickinson, Fearing (PI),
Liepmann, Majumdar, Pister, Sands, SastryLiepmann, Majumdar, Pister, Sands, Sastry
Synthetic InsectsSynthetic Insects(Smart Dust with Legs)(Smart Dust with Legs)
Goal: Make silicon walk.Goal: Make silicon walk.
•Autonomous•Articulated•Size ~ 1-10 mm•Speed ~ 1mm/s
2003
2002
2004
2005
2010
MEMS Micro MEMS Micro Sensor NetworksSensor Networks
(Smart Dust)(Smart Dust)
MEMS Rotary Engine MEMS Rotary Engine Power System Power System
MEMS Single MEMS Single Molecule Detection Molecule Detection
SystemsSystems
MEMS MEMS “Mechanical” Micro “Mechanical” Micro
RadiosRadiosMEMS MEMS
Immunological Immunological SensorsSensors
MEMS Technology Roadmap (Pisano/BSAC)MEMS Technology Roadmap (Pisano/BSAC)
Organizational Building BlocksOrganizational Building Blocks
CITRIS Director Prof. Ruzena Bajcsy
Distinguished engineer, member of NAE/NIM Senior professor at UPenn, with appointments in
CIS, MechE, Medical School Established & ran major interdisciplinary research
laboratory Major leadership & management experience in DC
federal agencies—Assistant Director, CISE, NSF Served as Department Chair, 1986-1990 Highly influential among leaders of CS field and
national research funding circles Strong advocate for women in technical careers
CITRIS-Affiliated Research ActivitiesCITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities(please send contributions!)(please send contributions!)
International Computer Science Institute (ICSI)International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) (5 faculty, 18 students) studies (5 faculty, 18 students) studies network protocols and applications and speech and language-based human-network protocols and applications and speech and language-based human-centered computing. centered computing.
Millennium ProjectMillennium Project (15 faculty) is developing a powerful, networked (15 faculty) is developing a powerful, networked computational test bed of nearly 1,000 computers across campus to enable computational test bed of nearly 1,000 computers across campus to enable interdisciplinary research.interdisciplinary research.
Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC)Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC) (14 faculty, 100 students) is a (14 faculty, 100 students) is a world-leading effort specializing in micro-electromechanical devices (MEMS), world-leading effort specializing in micro-electromechanical devices (MEMS), micro-fluidic devices, and “smart dust.” micro-fluidic devices, and “smart dust.”
Microfabrication LaboratoryMicrofabrication Laboratory (71 faculty, 254 students) is a campus-wide (71 faculty, 254 students) is a campus-wide resource offering sophisticated processes for fabricating micro-devices and resource offering sophisticated processes for fabricating micro-devices and micro-systems.micro-systems.
Gigascale Silicon Research Center (GSRC)Gigascale Silicon Research Center (GSRC) (23 faculty, 60 students) (23 faculty, 60 students) addresses problems in designing and testing complex, single-chip embedded addresses problems in designing and testing complex, single-chip embedded systems using deep sub-micron technology. systems using deep sub-micron technology.
Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC)Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC) (16 faculty, 114 students) is a (16 faculty, 114 students) is a consortium of companies and DARPA programs to support research in low-consortium of companies and DARPA programs to support research in low-power wireless devices.power wireless devices.
CITRIS-Affiliated Research ActivitiesCITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities(continued)(continued)
Berkeley Information Technology and Systems (BITS) Berkeley Information Technology and Systems (BITS) (20 faculty, 60 (20 faculty, 60 students)students) a new networking research centera new networking research center will address large emerging will address large emerging networking problems (EECS, ICSI, SIMS)networking problems (EECS, ICSI, SIMS)
Berkeley Institute of Design (BID)Berkeley Institute of Design (BID) (10 faculty) a new interdisciplinary (10 faculty) a new interdisciplinary center (EECS, ME, Haas, SIMS, IEOR, CDV, CED, Art Practice) to study center (EECS, ME, Haas, SIMS, IEOR, CDV, CED, Art Practice) to study the design of software, products and living spaces the design of software, products and living spaces based on the based on the convergence of design practices in information technology, industrial convergence of design practices in information technology, industrial design, and architecturedesign, and architecture
Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC) Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC) (8 faculty, 50 students)(8 faculty, 50 students) (UCD) (UCD) focuses on data analysis, visualization, focuses on data analysis, visualization, computer graphics, optimization, and electronic imaging of large-scale, computer graphics, optimization, and electronic imaging of large-scale, multi-dimensional data sets.multi-dimensional data sets.
Applications-Related Current ActivitiesApplications-Related Current Activities(please send contributions!)(please send contributions!)
Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways, PATHPartners for Advanced Transit and Highways, PATH, (20 faculty, 70 , (20 faculty, 70 students), a collaboration between UC, Caltrans, other universities, students), a collaboration between UC, Caltrans, other universities, and industry to develop technology to improve transportation in and industry to develop technology to improve transportation in California.California.
Berkeley Seismological LaboratoryBerkeley Seismological Laboratory (15 faculty, 14 students) (15 faculty, 14 students) operates, collects, and studies data from a regional seismological operates, collects, and studies data from a regional seismological monitoring system, providing earthquake information to state and monitoring system, providing earthquake information to state and local governments.local governments.
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEERPacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER ( 25 ( 25 faculty, 15 students), a Berkeley-led NSF center, is a consortium of faculty, 15 students), a Berkeley-led NSF center, is a consortium of nine universities (including five UC campuses) working with nine universities (including five UC campuses) working with industry and government to identify and reduce earthquake risks to industry and government to identify and reduce earthquake risks to safety and to the economy.safety and to the economy.
National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research, National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research, NEXTORNEXTOR (6 faculty, 12 students), a multi-campus center, models (6 faculty, 12 students), a multi-campus center, models and analyzes complex airport and air traffic systems.and analyzes complex airport and air traffic systems.
Applications-Related Current ActivitiesApplications-Related Current Activities(continued)(continued)
Center for the Built Environment (CBE) Center for the Built Environment (CBE) (19 faculty/staff) provides (19 faculty/staff) provides timely, unbiased information on promising new building timely, unbiased information on promising new building technologies and design techniques.technologies and design techniques.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) provides high-provides high-
performance computing tools and expertise that enable computational performance computing tools and expertise that enable computational science of scale science of scale
Environmental Energy Technologies (EET) Environmental Energy Technologies (EET) performs research and performs research and development leading to better energy technologies and reduction of adverse development leading to better energy technologies and reduction of adverse energy-related environmental impacts.energy-related environmental impacts.
Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (CEWRE)(CEWRE) (9 faculty, 45 students) (9 faculty, 45 students) (UCD)(UCD) applications of advanced applications of advanced methods to environmental and water management problems.methods to environmental and water management problems.
Financial Building BlocksFinancial Building Blocks
California Institutes in Science and California Institutes in Science and TechnologyTechnology
Governor Gray Davis’ InitiativeGovernor Gray Davis’ Initiative $100M state funding for capital projects over 4 years--matched $100M state funding for capital projects over 4 years--matched
2:1 by Federal, industrial, private support2:1 by Federal, industrial, private support Focus on “hot” areas for 21Focus on “hot” areas for 21stst Century, limited to UC campuses Century, limited to UC campuses Three initially funded: Three initially funded:
UCSF/UCB/UCSC (Bioinformatics) UCSF/UCB/UCSC (Bioinformatics) UCLA/UCSB (Nanotechnology) UCLA/UCSB (Nanotechnology) UCSD/UCI (Information Technology)UCSD/UCI (Information Technology)
UCB-led CITRIS proposal in 2001-2002 State budgetUCB-led CITRIS proposal in 2001-2002 State budget
New CITRIS Facilities
Cory Refurbishment (Berkeley) CITRIS Building (Berkeley) Engineering Building (Santa Cruz) CITRIS Network (Davis, Berkeley, Merced, SC)
Cory HallEECS
Cory HallEECS
Soda HallEECS
Soda HallEECS
Committed Support from IndustryCommitted Support from Industry
Founding Corporate Members of CITRISFounding Corporate Members of CITRIS
We have received written pledges to CITRIS of over We have received written pledges to CITRIS of over $170 million $170 million from individuals and corporationsfrom individuals and corporations committed to the CITRIS long- committed to the CITRIS long-range visionrange vision
Large NSF ITR AwardLarge NSF ITR Award $7.5M over 5 years $7.5M over 5 years Support for 30 faculty (Berkeley, Davis) for Support for 30 faculty (Berkeley, Davis) for subsetsubset of CITRIS of CITRIS 2 applications: 2 applications:
Energy (Rabaey, Pister, Arens, Sastry)Energy (Rabaey, Pister, Arens, Sastry) Disaster Response (Fenves, Glaser, Kanafani, Demmel)Disaster Response (Fenves, Glaser, Kanafani, Demmel)
Most SW aspects of systems, no hardwareMost SW aspects of systems, no hardware Service architecture (Katz, Joseph)Service architecture (Katz, Joseph) Data/Query management (Franklin, Hellerstein)Data/Query management (Franklin, Hellerstein) Human Centered Computing (Canny, Hearst, Landay, Saxenian) Human Centered Computing (Canny, Hearst, Landay, Saxenian) Data Visualization (Hamann, Max, Joy, Ma, Yoo)Data Visualization (Hamann, Max, Joy, Ma, Yoo) Sensor Network Architecture (Culler, Pister) Sensor Network Architecture (Culler, Pister)
(in original proposal, reduced support)
Collaboration with UC MercedCollaboration with UC Merced www.www.cscs..berkeleyberkeley..eduedu/~/~demmeldemmel/ITR_CITRIS/ITR_CITRIS
CommerceNet IncubatorCommerceNet Incubator
State-funded NGI (Next Generation Internet) incubatorState-funded NGI (Next Generation Internet) incubator http://www.commerce.nethttp://www.commerce.net
At Bancroft/Shattuck in shared CCIT spaceAt Bancroft/Shattuck in shared CCIT space http://www.path.http://www.path.berkeleyberkeley..eduedu/PATH/CCIT/Default./PATH/CCIT/Default.htmhtm
Companies will incubate and collaborate with CITRIS faculty Companies will incubate and collaborate with CITRIS faculty and studentsand students Kalil, Demmel, Sastry, Teece (advisors)Kalil, Demmel, Sastry, Teece (advisors) http://www.http://www.cscs..berkeleyberkeley..eduedu/~/~demmeldemmel//CommerceNetCommerceNet
Companies chosen for closeness to CITRISCompanies chosen for closeness to CITRIS
WEbS - Wireless Embedded SystemsWEbS - Wireless Embedded Systems $2.44M from DARPA’s Networked Embedded $2.44M from DARPA’s Networked Embedded
Systems (NEST) programSystems (NEST) program Culler, Brewer, Wagner, Sastry, Pister, 13 studentsCuller, Brewer, Wagner, Sastry, Pister, 13 students Development of “rene” node and tinyOSDevelopment of “rene” node and tinyOS Upcoming Boot Camp to program nodesUpcoming Boot Camp to program nodes
Other supportOther support
Long list, at least $27MLong list, at least $27M More pendingMore pending More proposals being writtenMore proposals being written
Putting the “Social” into CITRISPutting the “Social” into CITRIS
Courtesy of John Canny, Tom KalilCourtesy of John Canny, Tom Kalil
More input requested!More input requested!
Bringing the “social” into CITRISBringing the “social” into CITRIS
CITRIS needs to engageCITRIS needs to engage SociologistsSociologists EconomistsEconomists AnthropologistsAnthropologists LawyersLawyers Political scientistsPolitical scientists Scholars of public policyScholars of public policy Business-school facultyBusiness-school faculty ……
Possible roles for Social ScientistsPossible roles for Social Scientists
Address risks (e.g. privacy of sensor nets)Address risks (e.g. privacy of sensor nets) Examine deployment issues associated with SISsExamine deployment issues associated with SISs
Economic, social, legal factors in rate of deploymentEconomic, social, legal factors in rate of deployment User-centered design (e.g. ethnography)User-centered design (e.g. ethnography) Suggest new application areas or themesSuggest new application areas or themes Broader ethical, legal, social implications of the Information Broader ethical, legal, social implications of the Information
RevolutionRevolution See web page for more extensive documentSee web page for more extensive document
www.citris.berkeley.eduwww.citris.berkeley.edu, click on “Kick Off”, click on “Kick Off”
Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency
Detailed ExampleDetailed Example
The Inelasticity of California’s Electrical Supply The Inelasticity of California’s Electrical Supply
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000MW
$/MWh
Power-exchange market price for electricity versus load(California, Summer 2000)
How to Address the Inelasticity of the SupplyHow to Address the Inelasticity of the Supply
Spread demand over time (or reduce peak)Spread demand over time (or reduce peak) Make cost of energyMake cost of energy
visible to end-user function of load curve (e.g. hourly pricing)
““demand-response” approachdemand-response” approach
Reduce average demand (demand side)Reduce average demand (demand side) Eliminate wasteful consumptionEliminate wasteful consumption Improve efficiency ofImprove efficiency of equipment and appliancesequipment and appliances
Improve efficiency of generation and distribution Improve efficiency of generation and distribution network (supply side)network (supply side)
Enabled by Information!
Energy Consumption in Buildings Energy Consumption in Buildings (US 1997)(US 1997)
End Use Residential Commercial
Space heating 6.7 2.0
Space cooling 1.5 1.1
Water heating 2.7 0.9
Refrigerator/Freezer 1.7 0.6
Lighting 1.1 3.8
Cooking 0.6 -
Clothes dryers 0.6 -
Color TVs 0.8 -
Ventilation/Furnace fans 0.4 0.6
Office equipment - 1.4
Miscellaneous 3.0 4.9
Total 19.0 15.2
Source: Interlaboratory Working Group, 2000
(Units: quads per year = 1.05 EJ y-1)
A Three-Phase ApproachA Three-Phase Approach Phase 1:Phase 1: Passive Monitoring Passive Monitoring
The availability of cheap, connected (wired or wireless) sensors makes it possible for the The availability of cheap, connected (wired or wireless) sensors makes it possible for the end-user to monitor energy-usage of buildings and individual appliances and act there-on. end-user to monitor energy-usage of buildings and individual appliances and act there-on.
Primary feedback on usagePrimary feedback on usage Monitor health of the system (30% inefficiency!)Monitor health of the system (30% inefficiency!)
Phase 2:Phase 2: Quasi-Active Monitoring and Control Quasi-Active Monitoring and Control Combining the monitoring information with instantaneous feedback on the cost of usage Combining the monitoring information with instantaneous feedback on the cost of usage
closes the feedback loop between end-user and supplier.closes the feedback loop between end-user and supplier.
Phase 3:Phase 3: Active Energy-Management through Feedback and Control—Smart Active Energy-Management through Feedback and Control—Smart Buildings and Intelligent AppliancesBuildings and Intelligent Appliances Adding instantaneous and distributed control functionality to the sensoring and Adding instantaneous and distributed control functionality to the sensoring and
monitoring functions increases energy efficiency and user comfortmonitoring functions increases energy efficiency and user comfort
Smart BuildingsSmart Buildings
Dense wireless network of Dense wireless network of sensor, control, andsensor, control, and
actuator nodesactuator nodes
• Task/ambient conditioning systems allow conditioning in small, localized zones, to be individually controlled by building occupants and environmental conditions
• Joined projects between BWRC/BSAC, School of Architecture (CBE), Civil Engineering, and IEOR with Berkeley and Santa Cruz
A Proof-of-Concept:A Proof-of-Concept:A six month demonstration, already underway!A six month demonstration, already underway!
““Easy”:Easy”: Fully instrument a number of buildings on campus with networked light and Fully instrument a number of buildings on campus with networked light and
temperature sensors in every room, and make the data available on a centralized temperature sensors in every room, and make the data available on a centralized web-site.web-site.
““Medium”:Medium”: Make a wireless power monitor with a standard 3-prong feedthrough receptacle so Make a wireless power monitor with a standard 3-prong feedthrough receptacle so
that people can monitor power consumption of electronic devices as a function of that people can monitor power consumption of electronic devices as a function of time.time.
Similar device, but passively coupled to high-power wiring to monitor total power Similar device, but passively coupled to high-power wiring to monitor total power consumption through breaker boxes. This would give us a much finer granularity of consumption through breaker boxes. This would give us a much finer granularity of power-consumption details, and let us look at clusters of rooms, floors, etc.power-consumption details, and let us look at clusters of rooms, floors, etc.
Fully instrument the campus power distribution systemFully instrument the campus power distribution system ““Hard”:Hard”:
Real-time monitoring and control of hundreds of power systems on campus. Enforce Real-time monitoring and control of hundreds of power systems on campus. Enforce compliance with load reduction. Charge/reward departments according to their use compliance with load reduction. Charge/reward departments according to their use during peak times.during peak times.
Leaders: Pister, Culler, Trent, Sastry, Rabaey
Energy ReferencesEnergy References
www.citris.berkeley.eduwww.citris.berkeley.edu, , Click on Smart EnergyClick on Smart Energy
Severin Borenstein’s paper on California’s Severin Borenstein’s paper on California’s electricity deregulation disaster electricity deregulation disaster
haashaas..berkeleyberkeley..eduedu/~/~borensteborenste//CATroubleCATrouble..pdfpdf
Next StepsNext Steps
How to participateHow to participate You probably are already (in technology)You probably are already (in technology) Get the big pictureGet the big picture
Application motivation importantApplication motivation important Participate in interdisciplinary collaborationsParticipate in interdisciplinary collaborations
On-line materialOn-line material www.citris.berkeley.eduwww.citris.berkeley.edu www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/ITR_CITRISwww.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/ITR_CITRIS www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/CommerceNetwww.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/CommerceNet Other faculty pagesOther faculty pages
Workshops Workshops Mote Boot Camp by Culler on Oct 17Mote Boot Camp by Culler on Oct 17
webs.cs.berkeley.edu/bootcamp.html More being planned on applications and technologyMore being planned on applications and technology
What is the future of information technology?What is the future of information technology? Increasingly, symbiosis with other fields, impact on societyIncreasingly, symbiosis with other fields, impact on society