center for subsurface sensing & imaging systemsr1a-r1 b 4/22/09 3 objectives of r1 thrust...
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4/22/09 1
Center for Subsurface Sensing & Imaging Systems
Center for Subsurface Sensing & Imaging Systems
NSF Site Year 9 Site VisitApril 22, 2009NSF Site Year 9 Site VisitApril 22, 2009
Subsurface Sensing & Modeling Subsurface Sensing & Modeling
Research Thrust R1
Ronald A. RoyCarey Rappaport
Ronald A. RoyCarey Rappaport
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4/22/09 2
Subsurface Sensing and
Modeling
Image and Data Information Management
Physics-Based Signal Processing and Image UnderstandingR1R1
R2R2R3R3L1L1
L2L2
L3L3
Scope of R1 Thrust within CenSSIS Scope of R1 Thrust within CenSSIS
Validating TestBEDs Validating TestBEDs
Fundamental Science Fundamental Science
S1 S2 S3Enviro-Civil
S4 S5Bio-Med
Fundamental physics of SSISensor design and testingComputational modeling
R1A- R1B
Subsurface Sensing and
Modeling
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4/22/09 3
Objectives of R1 ThrustObjectives of R1 Thrust
Test and validate new sensors Incorporate modeling in testBEDsTest and validate new sensors Incorporate modeling in testBEDs
Incorporate new sensors in Engineered System Incorporate new modeling algorithms in Software Resource Center
Incorporate new sensors in Engineered System Incorporate new modeling algorithms in Software Resource Center
L1L1
L2L2
L3L3
Develop new SSI conceptsDevelop better understanding of physics of SSIDevelop new computational modeling algorithms Integrate phys & math modeling with inversion
Develop new SSI conceptsDevelop better understanding of physics of SSIDevelop new computational modeling algorithms Integrate phys & math modeling with inversion
EE Enhance engineering curriculumin photonics, acoustics, electromagneticsEnhance engineering curriculumin photonics, acoustics, electromagnetics
I–PLUS
EngineeredSystemEngineeredSystem
ValidatingTestBEDsValidatingTestBEDs
Fundamental Science Fundamental Science
EducationEducation
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Theme of R1A ResearchTheme of R1A ResearchIn
depe
nden
tpr
obes
Inte
ract
ing
prob
es
Probes of same nature
Probes of different nature
Multimodal & Multispectral Subsurface Imaging
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Inde
pend
ent
prob
esIn
tera
ctin
gpr
obes
Probes of same nature
Probes of different nature
Multispectral&
Hyperspectral
• Undersea imaging (Velez-Reyes.. / UPRM)• Skin imaging (DiMarzio.. / NU)• Color retinal imaging (Roysam../ RPI)• Elastic scattering breast cancer imaging (Bigio./BU)• Spectral interferometry
DNA
imaging (Swan.. /BU)
Multispectral Subsurface Imaging
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Inde
pend
ent
prob
esIn
tera
ctin
gpr
obes
Probes of same nature
Probes of different nature
Sensorfusion
• Breast cancer imaging•�B-mode US & AOI
Multimodal Subsurface Imaging
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Inde
pend
ent
prob
esIn
tera
ctin
gpr
obes
Probes of same nature
Probes of different nature
Acousto-OpticImaging (AOI)
Opto-AcousticImaging (OAI)
Acousto-Optic Imaging (AOI)
Opto-Acoustic Imaging (OAI)• (Murray, Roy /BU, DiMarzio /NU)
• (Murray, Roy /BU, DiMarzio /NU)More later
Multimodal Subsurface Imaging
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4/22/09 8
Multispectral Subsurface Imaging
Inde
pend
ent
prob
esIn
tera
ctin
gpr
obes
Probes of same nature
Probes of different nature
Nonlinearimaging
2ωω Ultrasonic Tissue Harmonic Imaging
(Cleveland, Roy/ BU)
2ω−Ω
ω 2-photon fluorescenceMicroscopy
ωFusion microscope S1
ω
ω/2
ω/2Sub-Harmonic imaging
Quantum Optical Imaging
Quantum OCT (Saleh.. /BU)
More later
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Acousto-Optic Imaging (AOI)
Quantum Optical Coherence Imaging (QOCT)
Report on Two R1A Projects
1
2
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Acousto-Optic Imaging (AOI)Acousto-Optic Imaging (AOI)
Faculty Ronald Roy (BU)Todd Murray (BU)Charles DiMarzio (NU)Nickolai Kukhtarev (AAMU)Tatiana Kukhtarev (AAMU)
Students Puxiang Lai
1
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Acousto-Optic Imaging (AOI)Acousto-Optic Imaging (AOI)
•
Dual-mode imaging technique: diffuse light + focused sound
•
Phase modulated by sound, diffuse light →
map of optical
absorption & optomechanical
properties, at sound resolution
• Dual-mode imaging technique: diffuse light + focused sound
• Phase modulated by sound, diffuse light →
map of optical
absorption & optomechanical
properties, at sound resolution
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Breakthrough 1Breakthrough 1
Weak & speckled AO signalChallenge:Challenge:
Novel interferometric system, based on 2-wave mixing in a photorefractive crystal (PRC), enhanced sensitivity and enabled operation with a pulsed ultrasound.
Local Light Distribution
Ultrasound
Z A
xis
Tim
e =
Z/c
Focal Pressure (MPa)
2-cycle Pulse @ 1MHz
A-O Signal
Pulsing minimizes thermal bioeffects caused by intense ultrasound
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Combination of AOI system with conventional ultrasonic imaging (Analogic Engine) → B-mode ultrasonic image co-registered with AO image→ Best for imaging optical absorption
Excised Biological TissueExcised Biological Tissue
Absorbing inclusion in chicken breast (2 cm thick)
Breakthrough 2Breakthrough 2
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Pressure Contrast Imaging:Measure AOS at 2 different pressuresRatio normalizes out illumination
propagation effectsResults agree with model predictionsAbility to measure/image scattering
coefficient
Breakthrough 3
10 cm-1 Inclusion in a 7 cm-1 phantom
5 cm-1
7 cm-1
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1.
Detection speed must be improved to avoid sensitivity to speckle decorrelation associated with physiological motion
2.
Imaging acquisition time must be decreased
Challenges to in vivo imaging
Approach
1.
2nd-generation AOI system operating in the near-IR (1064 nm), where attenuation is substantially reduced (done).
2.
A new GaAs
PRC with fast response time (working)3.
Utilize a pulse laser rather than CW (moving forward)
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Some Potential ApplicationsSome Potential Applications
Imaging in Breast and Brain
Tissue-Specific Contrast-Enhanced Imaging
Imaging Peripheral Vascularity
Image Guidance of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy
SustainabilitySubmissions to CDMRP for tissue imaging projects
BU Dean’s Catalyst Award (1 yr POC)
Planned submission to NIH R21
Imaging in Breast and Brain
Tissue-Specific Contrast-Enhanced Imaging
Imaging Peripheral Vascularity
Image Guidance of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy
SustainabilitySubmissions to CDMRP for tissue imaging projects
BU Dean’s Catalyst Award (1 yr POC)
Planned submission to NIH R21
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Bahaa Saleh (BU→UCF)Alexander Sergienko (BU) Malvin Teich (BU)
Timothy YarnallMohan NishantMohamed Saleh
2
Magued Nasr
Faculty:
Postdoc:
Students:
Quantum Optical Coherence Imaging (QOCT)
Ayman Abouraddy (PhD 03)Mark Booth (PhD 04)Magued Nasr (PhD 04)
Alumni:
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Classical Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
I(τ)
BroadbandSource
cτ
Detector
Sample
Mirror
1I(τ)
τ
Classical
OCT = Interferometric reflectometry using a source of short coherence length (broadband)
SLD
Axial resolution can be a few μm.Submicron resolution is possible with fs lasers & supercontinuum light.In a dispersive medium, the resolution deteriorates to tens of μm
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Laser Pump
Quantum Optical Coherence Tomography (QOCT)
Advantages of QOCTFactor of 2 improvement in axial resolution for same spectral width Insensitivity to group-velocity dispersion with concomitant improvement in axial resolution
C(τ)
z
cτ
Detector 2
Sample
Mirror
xNLC
Detector 1
C(τ)
τ
Laser PhotonCoincidence
= OCT based on quantum interferometry of spectrally-entangled photons
generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion from an NLC
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4/22/09 20
AccomplishmentsAccomplishments
Invention of QOCT and development of its theory
First measurement of dispersion cancellation in QOCT
Measurement of dispersion coefficient of interstitial layers
Theory & demonstration of polarization-sensitive QOCT
Inversion algorithms
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ObjectiveObjectiveDesign and build a QOCT system with performance competitive with OCT for acquisition of dispersion-cancelled 3D images
New source based on periodic & chirped QPM crystal (PPLN, PPLT)New superconducting single photon detectors (broadband) Improved system layout (miniaturization)Optimized axial & transverse resolutionUse of gold nanoparticles to enhance reflectance
Approach
Low entangled photon flux and small detection efficiency. → Long run timeLimited axial resolution
ChallengesChallenges
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Resolution Enhancement: From 19 to 1 μm in seven years !
Resolution Enhancement: From 19 to 1 μm in seven years !
Imaging with ultra-broadband ‘biphotons”
generated using a quasi phase matched parametric down conversion scheme
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First QOCT Image of a Biological Specimen: An Onion Skin Enhanced with Nanoparticles First QOCT Image of a Biological Specimen: An Onion Skin Enhanced with Nanoparticles
1.96 1.98 2.00 2.02 2.04
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
Nor
mal
ized
Coi
ncid
ence
Delay-Line Displacement in mm.
FWHM = 7.5 μm
Front Surface Axial Scan
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Norm
alized Coincidence
QOCT XY-Scan of an Onion CellQOCT XY-Scan of an Onion Cell
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1
μm steps
QOCT 3D Scan of an Onion CellQOCT 3D Scan of an Onion Cell
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4/22/09 26
Current & Future Work
Continue QOCT experiments in scattering media &biological samplesDevelop a new detection technique based on SFG, which is expected to be several orders of magnitude faster
Sustainability:Additional support from a DOD MURI program for
developing photon-counting optical coherence tomography, in both classical and quantum implementations
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4/22/09 27
Objectives of R1 ThrustObjectives of R1 Thrust
Test and validate new sensors Incorporate modeling in testBEDsTest and validate new sensors Incorporate modeling in testBEDs
Incorporate new sensors in Engineered System Incorporate new modeling algorithms in Software Resource Center
Incorporate new sensors in Engineered System Incorporate new modeling algorithms in Software Resource Center
L1L1
L2L2
L3L3
Develop new SSI conceptsDevelop better understanding of physics of SSIDevelop new computational modeling algorithms Integrate phys & math modeling with inversion
Develop new SSI conceptsDevelop better understanding of physics of SSIDevelop new computational modeling algorithms Integrate phys & math modeling with inversion
EE Enhance engineering curriculumin photonics, acoustics, electromagneticsEnhance engineering curriculumin photonics, acoustics, electromagnetics
I–PLUS
EngineeredSystemEngineeredSystem
ValidatingTestBEDsValidatingTestBEDs
Fundamental Science Fundamental Science
EducationEducation
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Develop new SSI conceptsDevelop new SSI concepts
New modality for Acousto-Optic Imaging (AOI)New photorefrative detector for speckle cancellation New form of Optical Coherence Tomography (Q-OCT)New source of broadband light for OCTNew broadband superconducting photon detectorsNew form of nanomicroscopy: Spectral Self-Interference Fluorescence Microscopy (SFM)New sources and detectors for THz imaging
New modality for Acousto-Optic Imaging (AOI)New photorefrative detector for speckle cancellation New form of Optical Coherence Tomography (Q-OCT)New source of broadband light for OCTNew broadband superconducting photon detectorsNew form of nanomicroscopy: Spectral Self-Interference Fluorescence Microscopy (SFM)New sources and detectors for THz imaging
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Develop a better understanding of physics of SSIDevelop a better understanding of physics of SSI
Interaction of pulsed ultrasound with diffuse optical waves
Using ultrasound as a pump to enhance photo-acoustic emissions
Speckle cancellation by use of photorefrative detection
Optics of entangled photons
Nano-imaging using wavelength-domain interferometry
Tissue harmonic imaging
Interaction of pulsed ultrasound with diffuse optical waves
Using ultrasound as a pump to enhance photo-acoustic emissions
Speckle cancellation by use of photorefrative detection
Optics of entangled photons
Nano-imaging using wavelength-domain interferometry
Tissue harmonic imaging
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R1A p1 “Intelligent Diagnostics IGERT: Bridge Deck Assessment through Sensing and Identification with Mechanical Waves” D. Ambramo
R1A p2 “Nanoparticle-targeted Photoacoustic Cavitation for Tissue Imaging and Therapy” H. Ju
R1A p3 “Resonance Isolation in the Presence of Noise and Clutter by Single-Channel Time Reversal” Z. Waters
R1A p4 “Characterizing the Dynamic Properties of HIFU Lesions” A. Draudt
R1A p5 “Quantitative Optical Characterization of Tissue-like Medium Using Light and Sound” P. Lai
R1A p6 “A Flow-Through Acoustic Waveguide For Two-Phase Void Fraction Measurement” C. Ormonde
R1A p7 “Detecting Cavitation in Liquid Merury Exposed to a High Energy Pulsed Proton Beam” N. Manzi
R1A p1 “Intelligent Diagnostics IGERT: Bridge Deck Assessment through Sensing and Identification with Mechanical Waves” D. Ambramo
R1A p2 “Nanoparticle-targeted Photoacoustic Cavitation for Tissue Imaging and Therapy” H. Ju
R1A p3 “Resonance Isolation in the Presence of Noise and Clutter by Single-Channel Time Reversal” Z. Waters
R1A p4 “Characterizing the Dynamic Properties of HIFU Lesions” A. Draudt
R1A p5 “Quantitative Optical Characterization of Tissue-like Medium Using Light and Sound” P. Lai
R1A p6 “A Flow-Through Acoustic Waveguide For Two-Phase Void Fraction Measurement” C. Ormonde
R1A p7 “Detecting Cavitation in Liquid Merury Exposed to a High Energy Pulsed Proton Beam” N. Manzi
Research Posters: Nonlinear/Dual-Wave Probes & Applications Research Posters: Nonlinear/Dual-Wave Probes & Applications
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R1A p8 “Ultra-Broadband Optical Coherence Tomography Using Parametric Downconversion and Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors at 1064 nm” N. Mohan
R1A p9 “Raman spectroscopy of Graphene in high magnetic fields: G-band splitting in the QHE regime” S. Remi and C. Metzger
R1A p10 “Detection of Molecular Conformations and Orientations on Surface via Self-Interference Fluorescence Microscopy” A. Yalcin
R1A p11 “Omni-directional standoff terahertz detection for explosives” J. Liu
R1A p12 “Terahertz Technologyfor Sensing Exploives and Related Compounds (ERCs)” J. Chen
R1A p13 “Self-assembled Monolayer Adsorption/Desorption Cycling Effects on Gold Silver Surfaces” D. Snow
R1A p8 “Ultra-Broadband Optical Coherence Tomography Using Parametric Downconversion and Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors at 1064 nm” N. Mohan
R1A p9 “Raman spectroscopy of Graphene in high magnetic fields: G-band splitting in the QHE regime” S. Remi and C. Metzger
R1A p10 “Detection of Molecular Conformations and Orientations on Surface via Self-Interference Fluorescence Microscopy” A. Yalcin
R1A p11 “Omni-directional standoff terahertz detection for explosives” J. Liu
R1A p12 “Terahertz Technologyfor Sensing Exploives and Related Compounds (ERCs)” J. Chen
R1A p13 “Self-assembled Monolayer Adsorption/Desorption Cycling Effects on Gold Silver Surfaces” D. Snow
Research Posters: Nonlinear/Dual-Wave Probes & Applications Research Posters: Nonlinear/Dual-Wave Probes & Applications