central and peripheral nerves. spinal cord gray matter white matter
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Central and Central and Peripheral NervesPeripheral Nerves
Spinal CordSpinal Cord
Gray Matter
White Matter
Spinal CordSpinal Cord
White MatterWhite Matter– Myelinated and Unmyelinated Myelinated and Unmyelinated
fibersfibers– Made of Ascending and Made of Ascending and
Descending tractsDescending tracts– Ascending – Sensory pathwaysAscending – Sensory pathways– Descending – Motor pathwaysDescending – Motor pathways
Spinal CordSpinal Cord
Gray MatterGray Matter– H-shaped in center of spinal H-shaped in center of spinal
cordcord– Dorsal HornDorsal Horn
Sensory receptor siteSensory receptor site– Ventral HornVentral Horn
Somatic motor neuronsSomatic motor neurons
Spinal CordSpinal Cord
Dorsal root ganglionDorsal root ganglion– Formed by afferent fibers carrying Formed by afferent fibers carrying
impulses from receptorsimpulses from receptors Ventral rootVentral root
– Very short Very short – Fuse to form spinal nervesFuse to form spinal nerves
Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
All nervous tissue outside the All nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cordbrain and spinal cord
Composed as Sensory and Composed as Sensory and MotorMotor
NervesNerves Three types of nervesThree types of nerves
– SensorySensoryNerves that conduct impulses to the CNSNerves that conduct impulses to the CNS
– MotorMotorNerves that transmit impulses away from Nerves that transmit impulses away from CNSCNS
– MixedMixedNerves that both conduct impulses to the Nerves that both conduct impulses to the CNS and away from the CNSCNS and away from the CNS
Cranial NervesCranial Nerves Olfactory – SmellOlfactory – Smell Optic – VisionOptic – Vision Oculomotor – Motor function and Oculomotor – Motor function and
parasympathetic fibers, serve eyeparasympathetic fibers, serve eye Trochlear – Motor functions, serve eyeTrochlear – Motor functions, serve eye Trigeminal – General sensation, motor Trigeminal – General sensation, motor
function, serve forehead, check and jawfunction, serve forehead, check and jaw Abducens – Motor function, serve eyeAbducens – Motor function, serve eye
Olfactory IOptic IIOculomotor IIITrochlear IVTrigeminal VAbducens VIFacial VIIAuditory (vestibulocochlear) VIIIGlossopharyngeal IXVagus XSpinal Accessory XIHypoglossal XII
Facial – Taste, motor function, Facial – Taste, motor function, parasympathetic fibersparasympathetic fibers
Vestibulocochlear – Hearing and Vestibulocochlear – Hearing and balancebalance
Glossopharyngeal – Taste, motor Glossopharyngeal – Taste, motor function, parasympathetic fibersfunction, parasympathetic fibers
Vagus – Serve internal organsVagus – Serve internal organs Accessory – Motor functions, muscle Accessory – Motor functions, muscle
of neckof neck Hypoglossal – Motor, serves tongue Hypoglossal – Motor, serves tongue
and jawand jaw
PlexusPlexus
A plexus is the A plexus is the lateral joining of lateral joining of spinal nervesspinal nerves
NameName OriginOrigin Major NerveMajor Nerve
CervicalCervicalDeep in neck Deep in neck
under under sternocleido-sternocleido-
mastoidmastoid
Phrenic nerve Phrenic nerve which connects which connects to the diaphramto the diaphram
BrachialBrachialLocated Located
partially in partially in the neck and the neck and axillary areaaxillary area
Axillary nerve Axillary nerve which supplies which supplies
upper limbupper limb
LumbarLumbar Arises from 1Arises from 1stst 4 lumbar 4 lumbar
spinalspinal
Femoral nerve, Femoral nerve, lower limblower limb
SacralSacral Arises from Arises from spinal L4-S4spinal L4-S4
Sciatic, largest Sciatic, largest & longest in & longest in lower bodylower body