central institute of mining research,...

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CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF MINING RESEARCH, DHANBAD

(Council of Scientific & Industrial Research)

PROJECT REPORT

ON

EEIIAA//EEMMPP OOFF Lime Stone, Bauxite and Clay

Mine at

Village: Kubri,Tahsil: Maihar, Dist:

Satna(M.P)

SPONSORED BY

M/s SUKHDEO PRASAD GOENKA

GOENKA BHAWAN STATION ROAD,KATNI, M.P.

May, 2017

(Dr. M.K. Chakraborty)

Project Leader

iii

iii

CONTENT

DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO.

CHAPTER 1 20-31

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Project 20

1.2 Identification of Project & Project Proponent 23

1.3 Scope of Environmental Impact Assessment Study 23

1.4 Terms of reference 24

CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION 32-40

2.1 Type of Project 32

2.2 Need for the Project 32

2.3 Location 33

2.3.1 Access 33

2.3.2 Climate 34

2.3.3 Physiograph & Drainage 35

2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation 35

2.4.1 Mining System 35

2.4.2 Selection of Mining Technology 35

2.4.3 Size or Magnitude of Operation 35

2.4.4 Mining System & Major HEMM 35

2.5 Description of Mitigation Measures 40

CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 42-120

3.1 Study area, Period, Components

3.2 Baseline Environmental Scenario

3.2.0 Air Environment

3.2.1 Micro-meteorology

3.2.2 Air Quality

3.2.2.1 Sampling and Analysis

3.2.2.2 Duration of Sampling

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DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO.

3.2.2.3 Results and Discussions

3.3 Water Environment

3.3.1 Water Quality

3.2.2 Methods of Sampling and Analysis

3.3.2.2. Results and Discussions

3.4 Hydrogeology of the Area

3.4.1 Water Table Behavior in the Area

3.4.2 Ground Water Potential of the Study Area

3.4.3 Hydraulic Characteristics

3.5 Acoustic Environment

3.5.1 Instrument Used and Methodology

3.5.2 Noise Standards

3.5.3 Assessment of Noise Level

3.5.4 Results and Discussions

3.6 Land Environment

3.6.1 Land Use Pattern

3.6.2 Status of Forest Clearances

3.7 Soil Quality

3.8 Biological Environment

3.8.1 Survey Methodology

3.8.2 Flora and Fauna Distribution

3.8.2.1 Floral Diversity

3.8.2.2 Fauna

3.9 Socio-économic Environnent

3.9.1 Industrialisation

3.9.2 Communication

3.9.3 Trade and Commerce

3.9.4 Electricity and Power

3.9.5 Socio-Economic Profile

3.9.5.1 Demographic Pattern

3.9.5.2 Literacy

3.9.6 Quality of Life

3.9.6.1 Methodology

3.9.6.2 Quality of life Factor List

v

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DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO.

3.9.7 Socio Economic Profile of PAP/PAF in Core Zone

3.10 Socio Economic Profile in Core Zone Village

3.11 Health Facilities

CHAPTER 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Air Environment

4.3 Noise Environnent

4.3.1 Day - Night Noise Levels

4.3.2 Prediction of Impacts due to Transportation

4.3.3 Prediction of Impacts on Occupational Health

4.3.4 Prediction of Impact on Community

4.3.5 Impact due to Blasting, Ground Vibrations and Noise

4.4 Water Pollution

4.4.1 Impact on Banzsloi River due to discharge of mine water


4.5.1 Soil Erosion Mapping

4.5.2 Assessment of Soil Erosion Potential of Study Area

4.5.3 Assessment of Soil Erosion Potential due to Mining Activity

4.5.4 Impact of Diversion of Agriculture Land on the Socio Economic

aspect of the area including Land Owner and Land Less

Laborers


4.7 Socio-economic Environment

CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)

5.1 Selection of Site

5.2 Selection of Technology

5.3 Suggested Eco-Friendly Open Cast Mining Technology

5.4 OB Dump Management

5.5 Calendar Plan of the Mine Development

5.6 Underground Mining

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DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO.

5.7 Conclusion

CHAPTER 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

6.1 Technical Aspects of Monitoring

6.2 Organization/Environmental Management Cell

6.2.1 Laboratory Facility and Equipment

6.2.2 Environmental Auditing

CHAPTER 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Public Consultation

7.1.1 Proceedings of the Public Hearing ……..

7.2 Risk Assessment

7.3 Disaster Management In Open –Cast Mines

7.4 Social Impact Assessment

7.5 R & R Action Plan

7.5.1 Socio economic profile of PAP/PAF in eleven villages

7.5.2 Objective of the R&R Policy

7.5.3 The Compensation Package

7.5.3.1 Unit of Entitlement

7.5.3.2 Brief description of benefits as per the R&R package

7.5.4 Additional Benefits

7.6 Other R&R Benefits

7.7 Special Comments

CHAPTER 8

PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure

8.2 Employment Potential

8.3 Tangible benefits

8.5 Result and Discussion

CHAPTER 9

ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER 10

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.0 Introduction

vii

vii

DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO.

10.1 Air Environment

10.1.1 Dust Control

10.1.2 Gaseous Pollutants


10.2.1 Water Management

10.2.2 Water balance scenario

10.2.3 Ground Water Conservation, Recharge and Monitoring Plan

10.2.4 Pumping and Drainage

10.2.5 Sewage Treatment Plant for Colony & Rehabilitation Site

10.3 Noise Environment


10.4.1 Waste Disposal Technique

10.4.2 Stability of Benches

10.4.3 Overburdem Management


10.5.1 Screening of Plants

10.5.2 Preservation and amendment of Soil

10.5.3 Methods of Revegetation

10.5.4 Aftercare and Monitoring

10.5.5 Nursery Development

10.5.6 Cost of Bio-reclamation

10.5.7 Greenbelt Development

10.6 Socio-Economic Measures

10.7 Capital Investment for Environmental Control Measures

10.8 Litigation pending regarding the project

CHAPTER 11

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

11.0 Introduction

11.1 Purpose of the Report

11.2 Identification of Project & Project Proponent

11.3 Scope of Environment Impact Assessment Study

11.4 Project Description

11.4.1 Proposed Schedule for Mining Implementation

11.5 Description of Mitigation Measures

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DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO.

11.6 Description of Environment

11.7 Anticipated Environmental Impact

11.8 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)

11.9 Risk Analysis

11.10 Environmental Management Plan

CHAPTER 12

CONSULTANTS FOR EIA / EMP PREPARATION

12.0 NAME OF THE CONSULTANTS 12-1

ANNEXURES

Annexure The copy of the letter received from the Ministry on the TOR prescribed for the project should be attached as an annexure to the final EIA-EMP report.

Annexure-I Details of the notices issued in the newspapers

Annexure-II Copy of the request letter, proceedings/minutes of public hearing

Annexure-III R &R Plan

Annexure-IV Sanction Letter from Office of the Director, Ground Water Directorate, Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh

TOR CONTENT

POINT

NO. PRESCRIBED TOR POINT

REFERENCE

CHAPTER NO. PAGE NO.

PARA

NO.

i

Year-wise production details since 1994 should be given, clearly stating the highest production

achieved in any one year prior to 1994. It may also be categorically informed whether there had been any increase in production after the EIA

Notification 1994 came into force, w.r.t. the highest production achieved prior to1994.

Not Applicable

New project -- --

ii

A copy of the document in support of the fact that the Proponent is the rightful lessee of the

mine should be given.

.

Lease deed enclosed

Annexure

iii

All documents including approved mine plan, EIA

and Public Hearing should be compatible with one another in terms of the mine lease area,

production levels, waste generation and its management, mining technology etc. and should be in the name of the lessee.

--- ---

----

iv

All corner coordinates of the mine lease area, superimposed on a High Resolution

Imagery/topo sheet, topographic sheet, geomorphology and geology of the area should

be provided. Such an Imagery of the proposed area should clearly show the land use and other

ecological features of the study area (core and buffer zone).

v

Information should be provided in Survey of India Toposheet in 1:50,000 scale indicating geological map of the area, geomorphology of

land forms of the area, existing minerals and mining history of the area, important water

bodies, streams and rivers and soil characteristics.

POINT


REFERENCE


PARA

NO.

vi

Details about the land proposed for mining

activities should be given with information as to whether mining conforms to the land use policy

of the State; land diversion for mining should have approval from State land use board or the

concerned authority.

vii

It should be clearly stated whether the

proponent Company has a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be spelt out in the EIA

Report with description of the prescribed operating process/procedures to bring into focus

any infringement/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/ conditions? The

hierarchical system or administrative order of the Company to deal with the environmental

issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions may also be given. The system of

reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors

of the Company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large, may also be detailed in

the EIA Report.

viii

Issues relating to Mine Safety, including

subsidence study in case of underground mining and slope study in case of open cast mining,

blasting study etc. should be detailed. The proposed safeguard measures in each case

should also be provided.

ix

The study area will comprise of 10 km zone around the mine lease from lease periphery and

the data contained in the EIA such as waste generation etc. should be for the life of the mine

/ lease period.

.

POINT


REFERENCE


PARA

NO.

.

x

Land use of the study area delineating forest

area, agricultural land, grazing land, wildlife sanctuary, national park, migratory routes of fauna, water bodies, human settlements and

other ecological features should be indicated. Land use plan of the mine lease area should be

prepared to encompass preoperational, operational and post operational phases and

submitted. Impact, if any, of change of land use should begiven.

xi

Details of the land for any Over Burden Dumps outside the mine lease, such as extent of land

area, distance from mine lease, its land use, R&R issues, if any, should be given.

xii

A Certificate from the Competent Authority in

the State Forest Department should be provided, confirming the involvement of forest land, if any,

in the project area. In the event of any contrary claim by the Project Proponent regarding the

status of forests, the site may be inspected by the State Forest Department along with the

Regional Office of the Ministry to ascertain the status of forests, based on which, the Certificate

in this regard as mentioned above be issued. In all such cases, it would be desirable for

representative of the State Forest Department to assist the Expert Appraisal Committees

.

xiii

Status of forestry clearance for the broken up area and virgin forestland involved in the Project including deposition of net present value (NPV)

and compensatory afforestation (CA) should be indicated. A copy of the forestry clearance

should also be furnished

POINT


REFERENCE


PARA

NO.

xiv

Implementation status of recognition of forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and other

Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 should be indicated.

xv

The vegetation in the RF / PF areas in the study area, with necessary details, should be given.

xvi

Impact of mining on hydrology, modification of natural

drainage, diversion and channeling of the existing

rivers/water courses flowing through the ML and adjoining

the lease/project and the impact on the existing users and

impacts of mining operations thereon.

xvii

A study shall be got done to ascertain the impact

of the Mining Project on wildlife of the study area and details furnished. Impact of the project on the wildlife in the surrounding and any other

protected area and accordingly, detailed mitigative measures required, should be worked

out with cost implications and submitted.

xviii

A detailed biological study of the study area [core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius of the

periphery of the mine lease)] shall be carried out. Details of flora and fauna, endangered,

endemic and RET Species duly authenticated, separately for core and buffer zone should be

furnished based on such primary field survey, clearly indicating the Schedule of the fauna

present. In case of any scheduled-I fauna found in the study area, the necessary plan alongwith

budgetary provisions for their conservation should be prepared in consultation with State Forest and Wildlife Department and

details furnished. Necessary allocation of funds for implementing the same should be made as

part of the project cost.

POINT


REFERENCE


PARA

NO.

xix

Proximity to Areas declared as ‘Critically Polluted’ or the Project areas likely to come

under the ‘Aravali Range’, (attracting court restrictions for mining operations), should also

be indicated and where so required, clearance certifications from the prescribed Authorities,

such as the SPCB or State Mining Dept. Should be secured and furnished to the effect that the proposed mining activities could be considered.

xx

Similarly, for coastal Projects, A CRZ map duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies

demarcating LTL. HTL, CRZ area, location of the mine lease w.r.t CRZ, coastal

featuressuchasmangroves,ifany,shouldbefurnished.(Note:TheMiningProjects falling under CRZ

would also need to obtain approval of the concerned Coastal Zone Management Authority).

xxi

R&R Plan/compensation details for the Project

Affected People (PAP) should be furnished. While preparing the R&R Plan, the relevant

State/National Rehabilitation & Resettlement Policy should be kept in view. In respect of SCs

/STs and other weaker sections of the society in the study area, a need based sample survey,

family-wise, should be undertaken to assess their requirements, and action programmes

prepared and submitted accordingly, integrating the sectoral programmes of line departments of the State Government. It may be clearly brought

out whether the village(s) located in the mine lease area will be shifted or not. The issues

relating to shifting of village(s) including their R&R and socio-economic aspects should be

discussed in the Report.

xxii

One season (non-monsoon) [i.e. March - May

(Summer Season); October - December (post monsoon season) ; December - February (winter

season)] primary baseline data on ambient air quality as per CPCB Notification of 2009, water

POINT


REFERENCE


PARA

NO.

quality, noise level, soil and flora and fauna shall

be collected and the AAQ and other data so compiled presented date-wise in the EIA and

EMP Report. Site-specific meteorological data should also be collected. The location of the

monitoring stations should be such as to represent whole of the study area and justified keeping in view the pre-dominant downwind

direction and location of sensitive receptors. There should be at least one monitoring station

within 500 m of the mine lease in the pre-dominant downwind direction. The mineralogical

composition of PM10, particularly for free silica, should be given.

xxiii

Airqualitymodelingshouldbecarriedoutforpredictionofimpactoftheprojectonthe

air quality of the area. It should also take into account the

impact of movement of vehicles for transportation of

mineral. The details of the model used and input parameters

used for modeling should be provided. The air quality

contours may be shown on a location map clearly indicating

the location of the site, location of sensitive receptors, if any,

and the habitation. The wind roses showing pre-dominant

wind direction may also be indicated on the map

xxiv

The water requirement for the Project, its availability and source should be furnished. A detailed water balance should also be provided.

Fresh water requirement for the Project should be indicated

xxv

Necessary clearance from the Competent Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of water

for the Project should be provided.

xxvi

Description of water conservation measures

proposed to be adopted in the Project should be given. Details of rainwater harvesting proposed

POINT


REFERENCE


PARA

NO.

in the Project, if any, should be provided.

xxvii

Impact of the Project on the water quality, both surface and groundwater, should be assessed and necessary safeguard measures, if any

required, should be provided

xxviii

Based on actual monitored data, it may clearly

be shown whether working will intersect groundwater. Necessary data and

documentation in this regard may be provided. In case the working will intersect groundwater

table, a detailed Hydro Geological Study should be undertaken and Report furnished. The Report

inter-alia, shall include details of the aquifers present and impact of mining activities on these

aquifers. Necessary permission from Central Ground Water Authority for working below

ground water and for pumping of ground water should also be obtained and copy furnished.

xxix

Details of any stream, seasonal or otherwise,

passing through the lease area and modification / diversion proposed, if any, and the impact of

the same on the hydrology should be brought out.

xxx

Information on site elevation, working depth, groundwater table etc. Should be provided both

in AMSL and BGL. A schematic diagram may also be provided for the same

xxxi

A time bound Progressive Greenbelt

Development Plan shall be prepared in a tabular form (indicating the linear and quantitative

coverage, plant species and time frame) and submitted, keeping in mind, the same will have

to be executed up front on commencement of

POINT


REFERENCE


PARA

NO.

the Project. Phase-wise plan of plantation and

compensatory afforestation should be charted clearly indicating the area to be covered under

plantation and the species to be planted. The details of plantation already done should be

given. The plant species selected for green belt should have greater ecological value and should be of good utility value to the local population

with emphasis on local and native species and the species which are tolerant to pollution.

xxxii

Impact on local transport infrastructure due to the Project should be indicated. Projected

increase in truck traffic as a result of the Project in the present road network (including those

outside the Project area) should be worked out, indicating whether it is capable of handling the

incremental load. Arrangement for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated (including action

to be taken by other agencies such as State Government) should be covered. Project Proponent shall conduct Impact of

Transportation study as per Indian Road Congress Guideline

xxxiii

Details of the onsite shelter and facilities to be provided to the mine workers should be included

in the EIA Report.

xxxiv

Conceptual post mining land use and Reclamation and Restoration of mined out areas

(with plans and with adequate number of sections) should be given in the EIA report

xxxv

Occupational Health impacts of the Project

should be anticipated and the proposed preventive measures spelt out in detail. Details

of pre-placement medical examination and periodical medical examination schedules should

be incorporated in the EMP. The project specific

POINT


REFERENCE


PARA

NO.

occupational health mitigation measures with

required facilities proposed in the mining area may be detailed.

xxxvi

Public health implications of the Project and

related activities for the population in the impact zone should be systematically evaluated and the

proposed remedial measures should be detailed along with budgetary allocations

xxxvii

Measures of socio economic significance and influence to the local community proposed to be provided by the

Project Proponent should be indicated. As far as possible, quantitative dimensions may be given with time frames

for implementation

xxxviii

Detailed environmental management plan (EMP) to mitigate the environmental impacts which, should inter-

alia include the impacts of change of land use, loss of agricultural and grazing land, if any, occupational health

impacts besides other impacts specific to the proposed Project.

xxxvix

Public Hearing points raised and commitment of the Project Proponent on the same along with time bound

Action Plan with budgetary provisions to implement the same should be provided and also incorporated in the

final EIA/EMP Report of the Project.

xxxx

Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with direction /order passed by any Court of Law against

the Project should be given.

xxxxi

The cost of the Project (capital cost and recurring cost)

as well as the cost towards implementation of EMP should be clearly spelt out.

POINT


REFERENCE


PARA

NO.

xxxxii

A Disaster management Plan shall be prepared and included in the EIA/EMP Report

xxxxiii

Benefits of the Project if the Project is implemented should be spelt out. The benefits of the Project shall

clearly indicate environmental, social, economic, employment potential, etc.

xxxxiv

Besides the above, the below mentioned general points are also to be followed:-

a) All documents to be properly referenced with index

and continuous page numbering.

b) Where data are presented in the Report especially in Tables, the period in which the data were collected and

the sources should beindicated.

c)Project Proponent shall enclose all the analysis/testing reports of water, air, soil, noise etc. using the

MoEF&CC/NABL accredited laboratories. All the original analysis/testing reports should be available during appraisal of the Project.

d) Where the documents provided are in a language

other than English, an English translation should be provided.

e) The Questionnaire for environmental appraisal of

mining projects as devised earlier by the Ministry shall also be filled and submitted.

f) While preparing the EIA report, the instructions for the

Proponents and instructions for the Consultants issued by MoEF vide O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006-IA.II(I) dated

4thAugust, 2009, which are available on the website of this Ministry, should be followed.

g) Changes, if any made in the basic scope and project

parameters (as submitted in Form-I and the PFR for securing the TOR) should be brought to the attention of

MoEF&CC with reasons for such changes and permission

POINT


REFERENCE


PARA

NO.

should be sought, as the TOR may also have to be

altered. Post Public Hearing changes in structure and content of the draft EIA/EMP (other than modifications

arising out of the P.H. process) will entail conducting the PH again with the revised documentation.

h) As per the circular no. J-11011/618/2010-IA.II(I)

dated 30.5.2012, certified report of the status of compliance of the conditions stipulated in the environment clearance for the existing operations of the

project, should be obtained from the Regional Office of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, as

may be applicable.

i) The EIA report should also include (i) surface plan of the area indicating contours of main

topographicfeatures,drainageandminingarea,(ii)geologicalmapsandsectio nsand (iii) sections of the mine pit and external dumps, if any,

clearly showing the land features of the adjoining area.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Report:

This is a Mining Lease of mineral Limestone , Clay and Bauxite, near village-

Kubri , Tahesail-Maihar, District- Satna, Madhya Pradesh over an area of

69.301 hectare. GO has been issued in favour of Shri Sukhdeo Prasd

goaynka, Station Road Katni vide deed no 451108 made on 19 /08/2014.

The mine lease area is >50ha. is considered as Category ‘A’ project as

per MOEF Office Memorandum J-13012/12/2013-IA(I) Dated 24th December

2013 hence it come under jurisdiction of Central Environment Impact

Assessment Authority (EIAA), MOEF, New Delhi . Lessee applies for

Environment Clearance under EIA Notification, 2006. Proposed

production of from this mine is 2.10,803 tonne/annum.

The mine lease located on plot no – enclosed, near village- Kubri , Tahsil-

Maihar, District- Satna, Madhya Pradesh over an area of 69.3021 hectare.

Total land of mining lease comes under barren . No forest land is involved

in this area. Topographically the area is barren rocky land. The area lies

between Longitude Latitude: 240 06’ 49” N to240 07’ 38” N , Longitude: 800

47’ 5.7” E to800 47’ 44” E and the part of toposheet no- 63D/16.

Silent Features of the Project

1. Name of the project Kubri limestone, Bauxite and Clay

2. Mine lease area 69.301 Hectare

3. Location of mine Kubri, Tahsil-Maihar, District- Satna

Madhya Pradesh.

4 Coordinates Latitude: 240 06’ 49” N to240 07’ 38” N

Longitude: 800 47’ 5.7” E to800 47’ 44” E

5 Area Details Plot No.

Area

Village

Tahesil

District

State

Annexure- I

69.301

Hectares

Kubri

M

ahiar

Satna

Madhya

Pradesh

5. Toposheet Toposheet No.: 63D/16

6. Mineral Limestone

7. Reserve / life of

mines

Category Geological

Reserves

Tonne

Proved (111) 25918007

Prefeassible mineral

resource(222)

17754899

Indicated mineral

resource (332)

43672906

Total

Mineable/ Recoverable Reserve

This EIA/EMP Report has been prepared for 9,84,149 tonne/annum rated capacity

including OB and waste based on the prescribed Terms of Reference and the

generic structure specified in Appendix III of the EIA Notification 2006.

Life of mine

Life of mine = Total mineable reserve / Annual

Production

= 25918007 tonne/ 2.10,803

tonne

= 122 Years

8. Proposed Production 9,84,149 tonne/annum (Including OB and waste)

9. Validity of lease 20 years

10. Ultimate depth 6 meter

11. Method of working Opencast semi- mechanized without blasting

12. Water demand 8.0KLD (2.0KLD for Drinking, 3.0KLD for Dust Suppression,

3.0KLD for Plantation)

13. Man Power

requirement

22

14. Nearest Railway

station/Air Port

Nearest state

/ national highway

Railway Station: Mahiar (10 km)

Airport: Jabalpur (130 Km)

State Highway: 5 KM

1.2 Identification of Project & Project Proponent




goaynka, Station Road Katni vide deed no 451108 made on 19 /08/2014. The

Mining will be done in this proposed lease by semi-mechanized open cast

method. Proposed workings will be systematic by forming proper benches.

Due to the globalization and new ventures and faster development of

infrastructure project, the requirement for raw material like limeston has been

on the rise over the last few years. The excavated mineral will be

dispatched to the industries located in the state and different parts in

the country. Its strength and quality makes it suitable for a number of

purposes. Mining industry play an important role in economic sector in India.

The state is endowed with major and minor mineral resources. The project

is situated in the Satna district, where number of cement plant and other

industries are located. Thus there is no problem of mineral consumption.

The economy of the District mostly dependant on agriculture and small

industries like cement plant, lime cline . The important benefits accruing from

the project to the state in the form of royalty can thus be stated as-boost to

local and regional economy. The development of mining in the area

provides direct and indirect employment opportunities better infrastructural

facilities, communication and socio-economic infrastructure.

The project proponent approached the Environmental Management Group of

Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad to study in detail the

different components of environment and suggest the mitigating measures to

reduce the impact of the mining project. This project report on EIA-EMP has

been prepared as per Ministry of Environment & Forests TOR, which include

baseline data generation of different components of environment, scoping and

EIA and EMP.

1.3 Scope of Environmental Impact Assessment Study

The scope of the study includes detailed characterization of exiting status of

environment in the study area with respect to various environmental

components, viz. Air, Noise, Water, Land, Biological and Socio-economic

components and other parameters of human interest. The envisaged scope of

EIA is as follow:

• To assess the present status of Air, Noise, Water, Land, Biological and

Socio-economic components of the environment during different

seasons.

• Identification and quantification of significant impact of mining operations

on various components of the environment.

• Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining control

measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts during mining.

1.4 Terms of reference (TOR)

The project was considered in EAC meeting held on 20-21 Februrary and approved

the TOR. The brief is as fellows:

The project pertains to seeking ToR for Limestone , Clay and Bauxite mining

near village- Kubri , Tahsil- Maihar, District- Satna, Madhya Pradesh for

capacity of 9,84,149 TPA including ob and waste ,over an area of 69.301

hectare by Shri Sukhdeo Prasad Goenka. The ML area comes under barren.

No forest land is involved in this area. Topographically the area is barren

rocky land. The area lies between Longitude Latitude 24º06’49”N

to24º07’38”N, Longitude 80º47’5.7”E to 80º47’44”E and covered under topo

sheet no- 63D/16. The PP has provided the KML file which was checked by

the EAC through Google earth/ DSS.

The Committee during presentation noted that the PP has uploaded its

application in the name of Chakraborty Mineral; however, during the

presentation PP has informed that the project proponent is Shri Sukhdeo

Prasad Goenka and the application was inadvertently uploaded in other

name. The Committee noted the same and accepted the change in the name

of PP in view of the lease deed and approved mining plan submitted by the

PP. The PP has applied for 2,10,803 TPA of minerals, however, during

the meeting EAC has clarified to the PP that EC would be given for

2,10,803 TPA of ROM including OB and waste under the instant proposal

or PP may revise it accordingly. The proposed water requirement for the

project is 8KLD with 2.0KLD for Drinking, 3.0KLD for Dust Suppression and

3.0KLD for Plantation.

No ecologically sensitive area such as National park/ Wildlife Sanctuary/

Biosphere Reserve etc. is reported to be located within 10km. radius of the

mine lease area. No forest land is involved in the lease area. The area does

not Minutes of 15thEAC Meeting held during February 20-21, 2017 of

74

come under CRZ category. The Committee asked the PP to obtain

necessary NOC/ clearance from concerned authority regarding non-

involvement of forest land and a distance certificate from Chief Wildlife

Warden, Madhya Pradesh in respect of location of National parks,

biospheres, and Wildlife sanctuaries etc. The PP has further informed

that the mining plan has been envisaged for 40.6810 ha (refer Pg.65 of

approved mining plan). The mining is proposed to be done in by semi-

mechanized opencast method. The committee also noted that Lime Stone

and Bauxite are included in the lease deed executed by the State Govt.

The lease area in general comprises of a flat topography and the elevation

ranges from 386mRL to 394mRL.

The PP has presented the tentative plan for baseline data monitoring. The

committee deliberated on the plan and asked the PP to stick to the standards

methodology and protocols framed by Central Pollution Control Board for

baseline data monitoring. The manpower requirement for the proposed mining

operation would be around 22 persons.

The committee deliberated and discussed the proposal submitted by the Shri

Sukhdeo Prasad Goenka and approved the proposal for grant of standard

ToR conditions for mining project to the PP for the preparation of EIA/ EMP

report.

The following Terms Of Reference (TOR) have been prescribed by the Expert

Appraisal Committee.

1) Year-wise production details since 1994 should be given, clearly stating the highest production achieved in any one year prior to 1994. It may also be categorically informed whether there had been any increase in production after the EIA Notification 1994 came into force, w.r.t. the highest production achieved prior to1994.

2) A copy of the document in support of the fact that the Proponent is the rightful lessee of the mine should be given.

3) All documents including approved mine plan, EIA and Public Hearing should be compatible with one another in terms of the mine lease area, production levels, waste generation and its management, mining technology etc. and should be in the name of the lessee.

4) All corner coordinates of the mine lease area, superimposed on a High Resolution Imagery/topo sheet, topographic sheet, geomorphology and geology of the area should be provided. Such an Imagery of the proposed

area should clearly show the land use and other ecological features of the study area (core and buffer zone).

5) Information should be provided in Survey of India Toposheet in 1:50,000 scale indicating geological map of the area, geomorphology of land forms of the area, existing minerals and mining history of the area, important water bodies, streams and rivers and soil characteristics.

6) Details about the land proposed for mining activities should be given with information as to whether mining conforms to the land use policy of the State; land diversion for mining should have approval from State land use board or the concerned authority.

7) It should be clearly stated whether the proponent Company has a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be spelt out in the EIA Report with description of the prescribed operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/ conditions? The hierarchical system or administrative order of the Company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions may also be given. The system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the Company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large, may also be detailed in the EIA Report.

8) Issues relating to Mine Safety, including subsidence study in case of underground mining and slope study in case of open cast mining, blasting study etc. should be detailed. The proposed safeguard measures in each case should also be provided.

9) The study area will comprise of 10 km zone around the mine lease from lease periphery and the data contained in the EIA such as waste generation etc. should be for the life of the mine / lease period.

10) Land use of the study area delineating forest area, agricultural land, grazing land, wildlife sanctuary, national park, migratory routes of fauna, water bodies, human settlements and other ecological features should be indicated. Land use plan of the mine lease area should be prepared to encompass preoperational, operational and post operational phases and submitted. Impact, if any, of change of land use should begiven. 11) Details of the land for any Over Burden Dumps outside the mine lease, such as extent of land area, distance from mine lease, its land use, R&R issues, if any, should be given.

12) A Certificate from the Competent Authority in the State Forest Department should be provided, confirming the involvement of forest land, if any, in the project area. In the event of any contrary claim by the Project Proponent regarding the status of forests, the site may be inspected by the State Forest Department along with the Regional Office of the Ministry to ascertain the status of forests, based on which, the Certificate in this regard as mentioned above be issued. In all such cases, it would be desirable for representative of the State Forest Department to assist the Expert Appraisal Committees.

13) Status of forestry clearance for the broken up area and virgin forestland involved in the Project including deposition of net present value (NPV) and compensatory afforestation (CA) should be indicated. A copy of the forestry clearance should also be furnished.

14) Implementation status of recognition of forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 should be indicated.

15) The vegetation in the RF / PF areas in the study area, with necessary details, should be given.

16) A study shall be got done to ascertain the impact of the Mining Project on wildlife of the study area and details furnished. Impact of the project on the wildlife in the surrounding and any other protected area and accordingly, detailed mitigative measures required, should be worked out with cost implications and submitted.

17) Location of National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, Ramsar site Tiger/Elephant Reserves/(existing as well as proposed), if any, within 10 km of the mine lease should be clearly indicated, supported by a location map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden. Necessary clearance, as may be applicable to such projects due to proximity of the ecologically sensitive areas as mentioned above, should be obtained from the Standing Committee of National Board of Wildlife and copy furnished.

18) A detailed biological study of the study area [core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius of the periphery of the mine lease)] shall be carried out. Details of flora and fauna, endangered, endemic and RET Species duly authenticated, separately for core and buffer zone should be furnished based on such primary field survey, clearly indicating the Schedule of the fauna present. In case of any scheduled-I fauna found in the study area, the necessary plan along with budgetary provisions for their conservation should be prepared in consultation with State Forest and Wildlife Department and details furnished. Necessary allocation of funds for implementing the same should be made as part of the project cost. 19) Proximity to Areas declared as ‘Critically Polluted’ or the Project areas likely to come under the ‘Aravali Range’, (attracting court restrictions for mining operations), should also be indicated and where so required, clearance certifications from the prescribed Authorities, such as the SPCB or State Mining Dept. Should be secured and furnished to the effect that the proposed mining activities could be considered.

20) Similarly, for coastal Projects, A CRZ map duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies demarcating LTL. HTL, CRZ area, location of the mine lease w.r.t CRZ, coastal feature such as mangroves, if any, should be furnished 21) R&R Plan/compensation details for the Project Affected People (PAP) should be furnished. While preparing the R&R Plan, the relevant State/National Rehabilitation & Resettlement Policy should be kept in view. In respect of SCs /STs and other weaker sections of the society in the study area, a need based sample survey, family-wise, should be undertaken to assess their requirements, and action programmes prepared and submitted accordingly, integrating the sectoral programmes of line departments of the State Government. It may be clearly brought out whether the village(s) located in the mine lease area will be shifted or not. The issues relating to shifting of village(s) including their R&R and socio-economic aspects should be discussed in the Report.

22) One season (non-monsoon) [i.e. March - May (Summer Season); October - December (post monsoon season) ; December - February (winter season)] primary baseline data on ambient air quality as per CPCB Notification of 2009, water quality, noise level, soil and flora and fauna shall be collected and the AAQ and other data so compiled presented date-wise in the EIA and EMP Report. Site-specific meteorological data should also be collected. The location of the monitoring stations should be such as to represent whole of the study area and justified keeping in view the pre-dominant downwind direction and location of sensitive receptors. There should be at least one monitoring station within 500 m of the mine lease in the pre-dominant downwind direction. The mineralogical composition of PM10, particularly for free silica, should be given.

23) Airqualitymodelingshouldbecarriedoutforpredictionofimpactoftheprojectonthe air quality of the area. It should also take into account the impact of movement of vehicles for transportation of mineral. The details of the model used and input parameters used for modeling should be provided. The air quality contours may be shown on a location map clearly indicating the location of the site, location of sensitive receptors, if any, and the habitation. The wind roses showing pre-dominant wind direction may also be indicated on the map. 24) The water requirement for the Project, its availability and source should be furnished. A detailed water balance should also be provided. Fresh water requirement for the Project should be indicated.

25) Necessary clearance from the Competent Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of water for the Project should be provided.

26) Description of water conservation measures proposed to be adopted in the Project should be given. Details of rainwater harvesting proposed in the Project, if any, should be provided.

27) Impact of the Project on the water quality, both surface and groundwater, should be assessed and necessary safeguard measures, if any required, should be provided.

28) Based on actual monitored data, it may clearly be shown whether working will intersect groundwater. Necessary data and documentation in this regard may be provided. In case the working will intersect groundwater table, a detailed Hydro Geological Study should be undertaken and Report furnished. The Report inter-alia, shall include details of the aquifers present and impact of mining activities on these aquifers. Necessary permission from Central Ground Water Authority for working below ground water and for pumping of ground water should also be obtained and copy furnished.

29) Details of any stream, seasonal or otherwise, passing through the lease area and modification / diversion proposed, if any, and the impact of the same on the hydrology should be brought out.

30) Information on site elevation, working depth, groundwater table etc. Should be provided both in AMSL and BGL. A schematic diagram may also be provided for the same.

31) A time bound Progressive Greenbelt Development Plan shall be prepared in a tabular form (indicating the linear and quantitative coverage, plant species

and time frame) and submitted, keeping in mind, the same will have to be executed up front on commencement of the Project. Phase-wise plan of plantation and compensatory afforestation should be charted clearly indicating the area to be covered under plantation and the species to be planted. The details of plantation already done should be given. The plant species selected for green belt should have greater ecological value and should be of good utility value to the local population with emphasis on local and native species and the species which are tolerant to pollution.

32) Impact on local transport infrastructure due to the Project should be indicated. Projected increase in truck traffic as a result of the Project in the present road network (including those outside the Project area) should be worked out, indicating whether it is capable of handling the incremental load. Arrangement for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated (including action to be taken by other agencies such as State Government) should be covered. Project Proponent shall conduct Impact of Transportation study as per Indian Road Congress Guidelines.

33) Details of the onsite shelter and facilities to be provided to the mine workers should be included in the EIA Report.

34) Conceptual post mining land use and Reclamation and Restoration of mined out areas (with plans and with adequate number of sections) should be given in the EIA report.

35) Occupational Health impacts of the Project should be anticipated and the proposed preventive measures spelt out in detail. Details of pre-placement medical examination and periodical medical examination schedules should be incorporated in the EMP. The project specific occupational health mitigation measures with required facilities proposed in the mining area may be detailed.

36) Public health implications of the Project and related activities for the population in the impact zone should be systematically evaluated and the proposed remedial measures should be detailed along with budgetary allocations.

37) Measures of socio economic significance and influence to the local

community proposed to be provided by the Project Proponent should be indicated. As far as possible, quantitative dimensions may be given with time frames for implementation.

38) Detailed environmental management plan (EMP) to mitigate the environmental impacts which, should inter-alia include the impacts of change of land use, loss of agricultural and grazing land, if any, occupational health impacts besides other impacts specific to the proposed Project.

39) Public Hearing points raised and commitment of the Project Proponent on the same along with time bound Action Plan with budgetary provisions to implement the same should be provided and also incorporated in the final EIA/EMP Report of the Project.

40) Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with direction /order passed by any Court of Law against the Project should be given 41) The cost of the Project (capital cost and recurring cost) as well as the cost towards implementation of EMP should be clearly spelt out.

42) A Disaster management Plan shall be prepared and included in the EIA/EMP Report.

43) Benefits of the Project if the Project is implemented should be spelt out. The benefits of the Project shall clearly indicate environmental, social, economic, employment potential, etc.

44) Besides the above, the below mentioned general points are also to be followed:-

a) All documents to be properly referenced with index and continuous page numbering.

b) Where data are presented in the Report especially in Tables, the period in which the data were collected and the sources should be indicated.

c) Project Proponent shall enclose all the analysis/testing reports of water, air, soil, noise etc. using the MoEF&CC/NABL accredited laboratories. All the original analysis/testing reports should be available during appraisal of the Project.

d) Where the documents provided are in a language other than English, an English translation should be provided.

e) The Questionnaire for environmental appraisal of mining projects as devised earlier by the Ministry shall also be filled and submitted.

f) While preparing the EIA report, the instructions for the Proponents and instructions for the Consultants issued by MoEF vide O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006-IA.II(I) dated 4thAugust, 2009, which are available on the website of this Ministry, should be followed.

g) Changes, if any made in the basic scope and project parameters (as submitted in Form-I and the PFR for securing the TOR) should be brought to the attention of MoEF&CC with reasons for such changes and permission should be sought, as the TOR may also have to be altered. Post Public Hearing changes in structure and content of the draft EIA/EMP (other than modifications arising out of the P.H. process) will entail conducting the PH again with the revised documentation.

h) As per the circular no. J-11011/618/2010-IA.II(I) dated 30.5.2012, certified report of the status of compliance of the conditions stipulated in the environment clearance for the existing operations of the project, should be obtained from the Regional Office of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, as may be applicable. (iii) sections of the mine pit and external dumps, if any, clearly showing the land features of the adjoining area.

CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Type of Project

(i) Brief Description of nature of project:




goaynka, Station Road Katni vide deed no 451108 made on 19 /08/2014. The

Mining will be done in this proposed lease by semi-mechanized open cast

method. Proposed workings will be systematic by forming proper benches.

The lease area comprise of about 69.301 hect., is mostly of agricultural lands.

The other units present within the lease are village roads and high tension

electricity line passing through the lease area in the central part. Beyond

lease area, there are few working pits and abandoned pits, abandoned pits

are mostly water filled.

2.2 Need for the Project

Due to the globalization and new ventures and faster development of

infrastructure project, the requirement for raw material like limeston has been

on the rise over the last few years. The excavated mineral will be

dispatched to the industries located in the state and different parts in

the country. Its strength and quality makes it suitable for a number of

purposes. Mining industry play an important role in economic sector in India.

The state is endowed with major and minor mineral resources. The project

is situated in the Satna district, where number of cement plant and other

industries are located. Thus there is no problem of mineral consumption.

The economy of the District mostly dependant on agriculture and small

industries like cement plant, lime cline . The important benefits accruing from

the project to the state in the form of royalty can thus be stated as-boost to

local and regional economy. The development of mining in the area

provides direct and indirect employment opportunities better infrastructural

facilities, communication and socio-economic infrastructure.

Location

The project / mine lease located on plot nos – Annexure-I, near village- Kubri , Tahsil

– Mahiar, District- Satna, Madhya Pradesh over an area of 69.301 hectare. Total

land of mining lease comes under (39.301 waste land and 30.00 Ha Agriculture

land). No forest land is involved in this area. Topographically the area is barren

rocky land. The area lies between Longitude 80°47’32” and Latitude 24°07’14” and

the part of toposheet no- 63D/16. Location map of the project is as under.

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

2.3.1 Access

The area is approachable by both rail and road. The nearest Ralway station is

Mahiar on howrah –Bombay rail route via Allahabad. This can be approached by

road Katni, Kymore and Mahihar.

2.3.2 Climate

Climate & Rainfall:

Temperature:

The winter season starts from December and continues till the end of February,

January is the coolest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 220C

and the mean daily minimum temperature at 100C. both the night and day

temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of the pre-monsoon season from

March to May. During pre-monsoon season, the mean maximum temperature

(May) was observed to be 42.00C with the mean minimum temperature (March)

at 240C. the mean maximum temperature in the monsoon season (Sep.)

observed to be 340C whereas the mean minimum temperature was observed to

be 180C. By the end of September with the onset of post-monsoon, the day

temperatures increase slightly, with the mean maximum temperature at 260C and

the mean minimum temperature at 120C.

Relative Humidity:

The air generally humid in this region during the monsoon when the average

relative humidity at 0830 hr. was observed to be with a maximum of 100% and a

minimum of 52%. Similarly, at 1730 hr., the average value was observed to be

with a maximum of 94% and a minimum of 60%. Generally, the weather during

post-monsoon was observed to be with a maximum of 90% and a minimum of

15%.

Rainfall:

Monsoon in the area comes from southwesterly winds. The rainfall in the area is

very erratic. The average annual rainfall based on the last 10 year IMD data, was

observed to be 1168 mm. The monsoon sets in the month of June and continues

till mid observed in the evening, with clear mornings. During the monsoon

season, both in the mornings and evenings, the skies were found to be clouded.

Cloud:

30 years average data reveal that maximum cloud cover was observed around

7.0 oktas in the month of July, august. Whereas cloud cover was observed

around 2.2 (in oktas) in the month of November, December, January, February

and March.

Wind Pattern:

Generally light to moderate winds prevails throughout the year. Winds were light

and moderate particularly during the morning hours. While during the afternoon

hours the winds were stronger. A review of the wind rose diagram shows that

predominant winds are mostly from S, NW, NNW, SW, NE, N and E directions

followed by NW direction.

2.3.3 Physiography & Drainage

The area exhibits undulating topography towards north with elevation

ranging from 392 m to 380 m above mean sea level. Some small and

large hilly terrain may be observed in the central and eastern parts of the

block.

The lease area is falling in a water divider zone of two seasonal nalas flowing

along the eastern and western boundary of the block to join ultimately to

Mahandi River around 8 km south of the area. Mahandi in turn joins Son River

flowing further east. Son in part of greater Ganga Basin.

(b) Geology of the area:

The area in general falls within proterozoic basin of Vindhyan Super Group.

This basin is the largest exposed Precambrian basin of India comprise of

around 104,000 Sq. KM area. The general Stratigraphic sequence of the area

depicts lower and upper group with distinct unconformity between them. The

generalized Stratigraphic sequence of the region is furnished below:

Group Formation Lithology

Upper

Vindhyan

Bhander Sandstone, Shale & Limestone

Rewa Sandstone & Shale

Kaimur Sandstone & Shale

Unconformity

Lower

Vindhyan

Semri

Group

Rohtas Bhagwar Shale

Rohtas Limestone

Kheinjua Rampur Shale

Chorhat Sandstone

Koldaha Shale

Mirzapur Dconar Porcellanite

Kajrahat Limestone

Basal Shale

Deoland Sandstone

The Vindhyan Supergroup, in contrary to the event of tectonics found to be least

deformed, however, a very minor scale syn-sedimentary deformations are

observed by few workers of the area. The geology is also equally important by

discovery of trace fossils and presence of stromatolites (algal colony) in the

Bhander and Semri group of rocks.

(c) Detailed description of geology of the lease area such as shape and size

of the mineral/ore deposit, disposition various litho-units indicating

structural features if any etc. (Applicable for Mining Plan for grant &

renewal and not for Scheme of Mining/Modifications in the approved

mining plan/scheme of mining):

Local geology of the mineral including drainage pattern:

Geology of the lease area predominantly occupied by Top soil, Lateritic soil,

shale and limestone if one move from top to bottom. All the lithounit belongs to

Bhander limestone. The top soil horizon varying from 1.5 meter 3.5 meter from

the ground level. Often the top soil layer is found to be mixed with remnants of

lateritic material and can be termed as latosol. The lateritic layer followed by a

yellowish clay layer. The witish grey limestone layer is underlain the clay layer. In

few boreholes drilled within the area, found shale-limestone intercalation in

certain depth range while the most of the drill holes are found to be continuous

limestones. However, compositional variations are not mapped in all the

boreholes except few check samples are gathered and analysed. A

representative schematic di gram of the succession is shown below:

Lithounits Depth range Remarks

Soil 00.2.0 meter

Lateritic soil/clay 2.0-4.0 meter

Weathered

Limestone

4.0-7.0 meter

Limestone 7.0-50.0 meter Occasionally found to be intercalated with shale

Geological Axis:

Influence of mineral Limestone exposed depth under G2 Category. Thus about

entire area is considered as mineralized rest area is considered as un-explored

area.

The lower limit of estimation is being considered as 50 meter below each

borehole. The whole exercise of resource estimation is being limited to the

northern part of the lease within an area.

Lateral influence of the boreholes has been considered 100m in all direction.

The lease area is geologically probable from surface RL 394 to 344-336 m. Bore

hole as marked on geological plan and sections for this explored depth assigned

G-2 for geological axis of UNFC classification.

On the hasis of existing quarry entire area is considerd for mineralized zone.

Details of minimization are as follows:

Soil Seen in as 1.0 to 4.5m the lease area.

Limestone (95%) Below the Soil up to 50m. i.e. 344-336 mrl

On this basis reserves have been calculated by cross sectional method up to the

depth Mrl 344-336 m in G-2 category.

Pre-Feasibility Axis:

As this is a Mechanized mine “A” Category mine the feasibility study carried out

for this area is considered to be of pre-feasibility status. Hence feasibility axis

under UNFC for the deposit is F-2.

Economic Axis:

On the basis of pre-feasibility study economic viability of the deposit has been

established presently to Borehole G2=50m depth (Up to Mrl 336-344m) thick

mineral over the mineable area of the lease. Hence economic axis under UNFC

for the deposit is E-1,

Note:

332 = 122 probable + 222 PFMR

PFMR are potential resources blocked in 7.5m boundary, in ultimate pit slope,

other block area left as per statute etc.

UNFC CATEGORIZATION OF RESERVES

Reserves Calculations:

1. Cat “A” (OTFM)

2. Area-69.301 hect.

3. Deposit – Sedimentary (bedded) Limestone.

4. O.B./soil – 1 to 4.5 m.

5. Surface RL – 394 to 386m

6. Bulk density – Limestone = 2.5

7. Recovery – Limestone = 95%

P1 = Average perimeter along lease boundary considered for loss in 7.5m

boundary.

Exploration in the area:

There are 11 boreholes having depth 50m, upto 344-366 mrl, observed in Limestone in

explored part of the lease area. (Hence reserves have been calculated cross sectional

method).

No further exploration is carried out.

(i) Calculation of Geological Reserve: (Limestone) (G2):

The Limestone reserves have been computed by cross sectional method.

Equidistant parallel cross sectional line have been drown over surface

geological plan to get the area of the mineral and to get the volume the

distance between two cross sectional lines is multiplied to the area.

This total volume is multiplied to the bulk density of the mineral to get the

total tonnage of the lease area as per the practical observation of recovery

ratio.

Indicated mineral resource – 332

332 = Total tonnage-Excavated tonnage.

Mineral Reserves/Resources:

Mineral Resources: (Mineral resources may be estimated purely based on

level of exploration, with reference to the threshold value of minerals

declared by IBM):

Level of Exploration Resources in Minerable Grade

million tons reserve

G1-Detailed exploration

G2- General Exploration Limestone Limestone Cement Grade

G3- Prospecting 436,72,906 (T) 259,18,007(T)

G4-Reconnaissance

.

2.5 Description of Mitigation Measures

To mitigate the adverse impacts caused due to coal mining operation at kubri

mines and for overall scientific development of local habitat, the

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been formulated. The EMP is

based on the base line environmental status, mining methodology and

environmental impact assessment. The EMP has prescribed environmental

monitoring and implementation of environmental protection measures during

and after mining operations. In this chapter all technical, biological and socio-

economic aspects are covered and likely control measures are suggested

under the headings:

• Air Environment

• Water Environment

• Noise Environment

• Land and Biological Environment

• Socio-Economic Measures

• EMP Implementation and Monitoring

• Mine Closure Plan and Post Mining Landuse

• Disaster Management Plan

CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Study area

The study area covered Kubri block and area of 10 km radius around the block.

Period

The study was conducted during the summer i.e. March, April 2017 and May 2017.

Methodology for EIA Study

Baseline data have been generated for different components of environment.

Various secondary data have been collected from different government

offices. On the basis of collected data and information, Environmental Impact

Assessment has been evaluated through computer simulation and modeling

of different environmental parameters. From the EIA result Environmental

Management Plan has been prepared for implementation.

Components

Air Environment

The Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to collect topographical

information of the study area. Different air pollutants, namely RPM, SPM, SO2,

NOx, Pb and CO have been identified as related to the project activities for

representing baseline status of ambient air quality within the study area.

Hourly micro-meteorological parameters, viz. wind speed, wind direction,

temperature, rainfall, barometric pressure, relative humidity and solar

radiation have also been measured.

Water Environment

Information as well as samples of water resources in the study area have

been collected. The collected water samples has been analysed for different

physico-chemical parameters to assess the quality of the water. Surface and

subsurface samples have been collected at different locations for the physico-

chemical analysis.

Noise Environment

Noise survey has been carried out in the study area. Noise levels were

measured at several locations in human settlements around proposed mining

area during the day and night time.

Land Environment

Soil samples have been collected randomly from the study area to represent

different categories of soil. Physico-chemical properties of the soil have been

determined. Information on land use pattern in the study area has also been

collected.

Biological Environment

Data have been collected from various Government Departments. The

parameters of prime importance to both biotic and abiotic factors have been

selected to estimate the structural and functional changes in the eco-system.

Detailed survey has been carried out during the field visits.

Socio-economic Environment

Secondary data have been collected from Census Report. A field survey has

been conducted within the study area. The parameters selected under socio-

economic component were, demographic structure of the study area,

availability of basic amenities, welfare facilities, health status and quality of

life. Relevant information collected from selected villages has been critically

analysed.

3.2 Base line environmental scenario

3.2.0 Air Environment

Air pollution includes one or more contaminants (pollutants), in the outdoor

atmosphere in such quantities and of such duration that may be injurious to

human, plant or animal life. Once these contaminants enter in the

atmosphere, either in gaseous form or as particulate matter, these cannot

escape and keep circulating and deteriorating the air quality. Air pollution

effects encompass those that are health related as well as those associated

with damage to property or which cause decreases in atmospheric aesthetic

feature.

Different air pollution parameters like SPM, RPM, SO2 NOX and Pb, CO, Co,

Ozone, NH3, C6 H6, Benzopyrene, As, Ni and Pb were identified as related to

the project activity for representing baseline status of ambient air quality within

the study area. In addition fugitive emission survey was also carried out in

nearby mine with special reference to mining operation.

Micro-meteorological parameters viz. wind speed, wind direction and ambient

temperature were collected from the nearest meteorological studies form

Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Katni. A fugitive dust model based

on steady state Gaussian Dispersion Model for multiple areas and line source

was used for prediction of impact an air environment.

3.2.1 Micro-meteorology

Micro-meteorological properties of the atmosphere govern the concentration

of pollutant and variation with time and location, with respect to the emission

source. The severity of the pollutant depends on the various meteorological

variables. This includes wind speed and wind direction, temperature and

relative humidity (RH). Meteorological data for the study site has been

generated by using digital weather instrument. The results are presented in

Table 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3 respectively for the summer, monsoon and winter

seasons.

Typical tropical climate with hot summer prevails over the area with summer

lasting from the months of March to June and winter from the months of

November to February. During summer, the temperature generally varies

from 30° C to 42° C while in the winter it drops down to about 4° C to 5° C.

The wind speed is found relatively high in summer and winter seasons (1.5 -

5.1 ms-1, 1.2-6.5 ms-1). The relative humidity varies from 45% to 98%, The

average annual rainfall is about 1200 mm, the major part of which precipitates

during the period from June to October.The annual wind rose diagram for the

site is shown in Figure 3.1

Table 3.1: Meteorological Parameter during Summer Months (April 2017)

Station Wet

0F

Dry

0F RH %

Wind

Direction

Wind Speed

ms-1

Temperature

(0C)

Kubri Village 69 103 63 NNW 1.6-4.2 28.7-42.3

Mahiar 66 99 70 SSE 1.5-3.5 30.7-43.6

Kymore 64 101 63 NNW 1.8-3.9 27.9-45.6

Badanpur 65 99 65 SW 1.7-5.1 31.23-46.3

Table 3.2: Meteorological Parameter During Monsoon Months (August 2016)

Station Wet

0F

Dry

0F RH %

Wind

Direction

Wind Speed

ms-1

Temperature

(0C)

Kubri Village 60 108 70 SW/NE 1.2-5.9 23.5-33.5

Mahiar 59 102 72 SW/NE 1.4-4.3 22.4-32.5

Kymore 63 105 75 SW/NE 1.5-6.5 22.5-34.8

Badanpur 62 102 79 SW/NE 1.8-5.4 21.8-33.8

Table 3.3: Meteorological Parameter during Winter Months (November 2016)

Station Wet

0F

Dry

0F RH %

Wind

Direction

Wind Speed

ms-1

Temperature

(0C)

Kubri Village 53 77 60.0 NW/SE 1.1-1.3 10.5-25.5

Mahiar 52 80 62.9 NW/SE 1.2-1.7 9.8-26.2

Kymore 55 82 59.5 NW/SE 1.3-1.5 13.5-27.7

Badanpur 60 89 63.5 NW/SE 1.0-1.9 10.5-26.3

Figure 3.2

3.2.2 Air Quality

3.2.2.1 Sampling and Analysis

Seven sampling stations have been selected for air quality monitoring on the basis of

wind direction and other meteorological parameters. Two air sampling locations have

been identified in core zone and five in the buffer zones. Details of sampling stations

along with the source of air pollution are given in Table 3.4. The parameters

monitored are Respirable Particulate Matters (RPM), Suspended Particulate Matters

(SPM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and

Lead (Pb). The sampling locations of air environment are depicted in Figure 3.2.

Methods and instrument used for air pollutant analysis are given in Table 3.5.

Table 3.4: Details of Sampling Locations

Stn.

Code Location Source of Air Pollution

Distance of

the station

from core

zone

boundary

A 1 Kakra

Domestic, Background of the pollutants

due to agriculture and other domestic

works.

Within core

zone

A 2 Bodera


due to agriculture, and other domestic

works.

Within core zone

A 3 Bihara



works.

1.15 Km

A 4 Ajwain


due to agriculture, and other domestic

works.

4.10 Km

A 5 Deori



works.

1.80 Km

BA 6 Amgar



works.

2.80 Km

Table 3.5: Methodology and Instrument Used for Air Quality Analysis

Parameter Method Instrument

SPM & RPM IS-5182 Part XIV High Volume Sampler (HVS)

with RPM attachment

SO2 IS-5182 Part II (Improved West &

Gaeke method)

HVS with gaseous attachment

NOx IS-5182 Part II (Jacob Hochheiser

modified method)

HVS with gaseous attachment

CO IS-5182 Part X CO Monitor (Non dispersive

infrared)

Pb Standard method for air sampling

and analysis APHA method no.315

HVS with Atomic Absorption

Spectrophotometer

3.2.2.2 Duration of Sampling

24 hourly sampling has been done for measuring of RPM, SPM, SO2, NOx and Pb

while 8 hourly sampling has been carried out for CO measurement as per Central

Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guidelines for National Ambient Air Quality Standard

(NAAQS).

3.2.2.3 Results and Discussions

The Level of SPM and RPM in the core zone is moderately high due to the

arial diffusion of pollutants of nearby by coal mining activity in and around

the site. Concentration of SO2 and NOx are significant in the area falling

under the core & buffer zone. The concentration of CO and Pb is found

below the detectable limit. The quarterly average concentration of SPM,

RPM SO2, NOx of core and buffer zone are shown in Table 3.6 and with

maximum, minimum, average values along with standard deviation and 98

percentile are shown in Table 3.7 to 3.12. In the buffer zone villages, in

the north east and west sides, concentration of SPM and RPM are found

relatively high due to aerial diffusion of dust from the adjacent traffic and

domestic sources. The SO2 and NOx concentration are within limit.

National Ambient Air Quality Standards particularly for mining complexes

has been shown in Table 3.13. The value of Free Silica (Table 3.14) is

well within the permissible limit at all the sampling stations. The dust fall

rate has been monitored in the area is given in (Table 3.15).

Table 3.6 Ambient Air Quality Data (Average) in Proposed Sites

Location

Parameters (µg/m3)

2.5 µ 10 µ SO2 NOx

A 1 Kakra 113.0 325.5 34.9 54.6

A 2 Bodera 115.0 343.4 30.3 48.7

A 3 Bihara 69.5 197.5 26.4 42.2

A 4 Ajwain 67.1 152.7 20.9 39.9

A 5 Deori 56.4 152.3 15.8 17.7

A 6 Amgar 67.7 191.9 15.2 28.2

Table 3.7 Ambient Air Quality in kubri limestone area

A1 – Kakra

(Post-monsoon Season – (March2017-May 2017)

Period Parameters (µg/m3)

Month Weeks 2.5 µ 10 µ SO2 NOx

March

2017

1st Week 13.00 30.00 19 12

2nd Week 12.00 32.69 18 11

3rd Week 14.00 22.07 18 22.1

4th Week 11.00 20.14 13 11

April 2017 1st Week 11.1 14.6 14.4 19.7

2nd Week 15.2 26.3 20.7 14.8

3rd Week 12.6 27.2 17.8 14.5

4th Week 11.5 26.8 21.6 23.5

May 2017 1st Week 15.8 24.7 25.3 18.8

2nd Week 11.3 30.8 18.6 19.6

3rd Week 10.8 20.8 23.6 27.9

4th Week 10.4 29.4 16.6 16.2

BDL: Co, Ozone, NH3, C6 H6, Benzopyrene, As, Ni and Pb

Table 3.8

Ambient Air Quality in kubri limestone area A2 – Bodera




March

2017

1st Week 10.7 13.7 16.8 16.9

2nd Week 11.8 21 27.6 15.6

3rd Week 10.7 28.8 31.8 21.3

4th Week 17.5 34.5 26.4 26.5

April 2017 1st Week 14.2 25.2 23.7 28.5

2nd Week 12.2 26.9 23.5 20.6

3rd Week 12.4 20.6 24.5 16.4

4th Week 11.9 23.3 27.6 23.5

May 2017 1st Week 12.9 28 23.6 28.6

2nd Week 12.8 24.7 31.6 23.4

3rd Week 11.7 24.8 27.3 25.2

4th Week 12.5 27.7 20.4 21.3

Co and Pb are found Below Detectable Limit


A 3 Bihara




March

2017

1st Week 18.9 19.2 22.3 14.6

2nd Week 18.6 22.3 24.8 17.5

3rd Week 13 18 19.5 20.2

4th Week 13.9 20.4 20.4 22.6

April 2017 1st Week 6.6 18.4 24.6 16.3

2nd Week 18.8 22.6 24.6 17.4

3rd Week 15 18.4 21.8 14.7

4th Week 13.6 20.8 30.8 17.3

May 2017 1st Week 12.5 17.2 21.9 19.5

2nd Week 12 22.9 28.4 16.5

3rd Week 13.7 27.9 20.2 24.6

4th Week 11.2 16.2 23.8 22.6

Co and Pb are found Below Detectable Limit.

Ambient Air Quality in kubri limestone area

A 4 – Ajwain




March

2017

1st Week 17.1 23 18.2 12.5

2nd Week 10.5 26 26.3 16.8

3rd Week 13.9 27.2 18.6 21.5

4th Week 16.7 24.2 27.5 21.6

April 2017 1st Week 13.5 25 19.3 17.9

2nd Week 13.2 25.6 22.8 16.5

3rd Week 15.3 31.7 24.6 20.4

4th Week 10 26.7 17.6 16.1

May 2017 1st Week 17.1 42.1 19.8 20.2

2nd Week 14.8 21.7 27.4 28.6

3rd Week 18.6 36.5 23.4 20.3

4th Week 10 26.1 22.6 16.4

Co and Pb are found Below Detectable Limit


A 5– Deori




March

2017

1st Week 12.1 25.5 16.5 18.6

2nd Week 17.1 25.4 18.7 20.3

3rd Week 13 29 13.6 14.8

4th Week 9.4 31.3 18.1 15.3

April 2017 1st Week 15.3 26 13.4 14.6

2nd Week 8.2 29.6 18.9 20.4

3rd Week 8 28.8 13.4 16.5

4th Week 7.3 20.8 18.6 20.6

May 2017 1st Week 9.8 34.2 16.8 17.8

2nd Week 9.6 15.3 18.4 18.1

3rd Week 14.6 23.8 15.6 20.7

4th Week 11 18.1 18.5 19.3

59.9 166.2 13.4 20.8



A 6– Amgar




March

2017

1st Week 9.2 21.5 13.4 20.6

2nd Week 8.2 24.9 16.4 20.4

3rd Week 10.2 36.8 12.6 20.8

4th Week 9.4 28.5 14.6 15.3

April 2017 1st Week 14.4 26.5 16.9 15.6

2nd Week 9.5 23.4 18.4 17.9

3rd Week 7.9 23.8 14.1 17.6

4th Week 9.6 23.9 12.6 16.8

May 2017 1st Week 13.7 20.9 15.6 12.2

2nd Week 8.9 22.2 16.7 17.8

3rd Week 6.2 19.1 17.1 18.5

4th Week 9.2 20.7 18.4 18.2


Table 3.13

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

(As per CPCB Notification)

NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 2009

S.

No. Pollutant Time Weighted

Average Concentration in Ambient Air

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

1. Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2), µg/m3 Annual*

24 hours**

50

80

20

80

- Improved West

and Gaeke - Ultraviolet

fluorescence 2. Nitrogen Dioxide

(NO2), µg/m3 Annual*

24 hours**

40

80

30

80

- Modified Jacob

& Hochheiser (Na-Arsenate) - Chemiluminesce

nce

3. Particulate Matter

(size less than

10µm) or PM10

µg/m3

Annual*

24 hours**

60

100

60

100

- Gravimetric - TOEM

- Beta attenuation

4. Particulate Matter

(size less than

2.5µm) or PM2.5

µg/m3

Annual*

24 hours**

40

60

40

60

- Gravimetric - TOEM

- Beta attenuation

5. Ozone (O3) µg/m3 24 hours**

1 hour**

100

180

100

180

- UV photometric - Chemilrninescen

ce

- Chemical

Method

6. Lead (Pb) µg/m3 Annual*

24 hours**

0.50

1.0

0.50

1.0

- AAS/ICP method

after sampling on EPM 2000 or

equivalent filter paper - ED-XRF using

Teflon filter

7. Carbon

Monoxide(CO)

µg/m3

Annual*

02

02

- Non Dispersive

Infra Red (NDIR) - Spectroscopy

24 hours** 04 04

8. Ammonia(NH2)

µg/m3 Annual*

24 hours**

100

400

100

400

- Chemiluminesce

nce - Indophenol blue

method 9. Benzene(C6H6)

µg/m3 Annual*

05 05 - Gas

chromatography based

continuous analyzer - Adsorption and

Desorption followed by GC

analysis 10. Benzo(O) Pyrene

(BaP) Particulate

phase only µg/m3

Annual*

01 01 - Solvent

extraction followed by HPLC/GC

analysis

11. Arsenic(As) µg/m3 Annual*

06 06 - AAS/ICP method


equivalent filter paper

12. Niclel(Ni), µg/m3 Annual*

20 20 - AAS/ICP method


equivalent filter paper

* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken

twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals.

** 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be complied with

98% of the time in a year, 2% of the time, they may exceed the limits but not on two

consecutive days of monitoring.

Frequency of Sampling

➢ Air quality monitoring at a frequency of two days in a month at the nearest

residential / commercial place any may be carried out.

➢ As a result of monthly monitoring, if it is found that the value of the pollutant is

less than 50% of the prescribed standards, for three consecutive months,

then the sampling frequency may be shifted to two days in a quarter (3

months).

➢ In case, the value exceeds the prescribed standard, the Air Quality sampling

should be done twice a week. If the results of four consecutive weeks indicate

that the concentration of pollutants is within the prescribed standards, then

monthly monitoring may be reverted to.

Table 3.14: Mineralogical composition of Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) of kubri limestone area

S.N Characteristics Kakra Bodera Bihara Ajwain Deori

Period of

collection

April

2017

April

2017

April 2017 April 2017 April 2017

Respirable Particulate Matter

24.87 25.60 30.77 27.86 27.08

1. Calcium as Ca 1.60 2.00 1.70 1.60 1.65

2. Magnesium as Mg 0.65 0.7 0.66 0.65 0.70

3. Sodium as NA 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.065

4. Potassium as K BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

5. Iron as Fe 0.065 0.065 0.07 0.07 0.066

6. Aluminum 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.35

7. Silica 1.60 1.62 1.60 1.60 1.62

8. Lead BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

9. Chromium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

10. Nickel BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

11. Zinc BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

12. Barium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Table 3.15: Dust Fall Rate of the Area

Station

Code

Location Dust Fall (T/Month/Sq.

Km.)

A 1 Kakra 5.00

A3 Bihara 4.00

A5 Deori 3.52


Water Resource of the Study Area

➢ Information on water resources in the study area was collected. The water

resources in the study area are mainly ponds, small streams and

groundwater. The main drainage of the area is controlled by the Mahanadi

river passing far away from the block.

Hydrogeology of the Study Area

Groundwater occurrence and storage in study area are mainly controlled by the

geological set up of the area. The ability of geological formation to store and transmit

water is dependent on its formation parameters, such as porosity and hydraulic

conductivity. The lease area is falling in a water divider zone of two seasonal

nalas flowing along the eastern and western boundary of the block to join

ultimately to Mahandi River around 8 km south of the area. Mahandi in turn

joins Son River flowing further east. Son in part of greater Ganga Basin..

(b) Geology of the area:

The area in general falls within proterozoic basin of Vindhyan Super Group.

This basin is the largest exposed Precambrian basin of India comprise of

around 104,000 Sq. KM area. The general Stratigraphic sequence of the area

depicts lower and upper group with distinct unconformity between them. The

generalized Stratigraphic sequence of the region is furnished below:

Group Formation Lithology

Upper

Vindhyan

Bhander Sandstone, Shale & Limestone

Rewa Sandstone & Shale

Kaimur Sandstone & Shale

Unconformity

Lower Semri Rohtas Bhagwar Shale

Vindhyan Group Rohtas Limestone

Kheinjua Rampur Shale

Chorhat Sandstone

Koldaha Shale

Mirzapur Dconar Porcellanite

Kajrahat Limestone

Basal Shale

Deoland Sandstone

The Vindhyan Supergroup, in contrary to the event of tectonics found to be least

deformed, however, a very minor scale syn-sedimentary deformations are

observed by few workers of the area. The geology is also equally important by

discovery of trace fossils and presence of stromatolites (algal colony) in the

Bhander and Semri group of rocks.

(c) Detailed description of geology of the lease area such as shape and size

of the mineral/ore deposit, disposition various litho-units indicating

structural features if any etc. (Applicable for Mining Plan for grant &

renewal and not for Scheme of Mining/Modifications in the approved

mining plan/scheme of mining):

Local geology of the mineral including drainage pattern:

Geology of the lease area predominantly occupied by Top soil, Lateritic soil,

shale and limestone if one move from top to bottom. All the lithounit belongs to

Bhander limestone. The top soil horizon varying from 1.5 meter 3.5 meter from

the ground level. Often the top soil layer is found to be mixed with remnants of

lateritic material and can be termed as latosol. The lateritic layer followed by a

yellowish clay layer. The witish grey limestone layer is underlain the clay layer. In

few boreholes drilled within the area, found shale-limestone intercalation in

certain depth range while the most of the drill holes are found to be continuous

limestones. However, compositional variations are not mapped in all the

boreholes except few check samples are gathered and analysed. A

representative schematic di gram of the succession is shown below:

Lithounits Depth range Remarks

Soil 00.2.0 meter

Lateritic soil/clay 2.0-4.0 meter

Weathered

Limestone

4.0-7.0 meter

Limestone 7.0-50.0 meter Occasionally found to be intercalated with shale

Geological Axis:

Influence of mineral Limestone exposed depth under G2 Category. Thus about

entire area is considered as mineralized rest area is considered as un-explored

area.

The lower limit of estimation is being considered as 50 meter below each

borehole. The whole exercise of resource estimation is being limited to the

northern part of the lease within an area.

Lateral influence of the boreholes has been considered 100m in all direction.

The lease area is geologically probable from surface RL 394 to 344-336 m. Bore

hole as marked on geological plan and sections for this explored depth assigned

G-2 for geological axis of UNFC classification.

On the hasis of existing quarry entire area is considerd for mineralized zone.

Details of minimization are as follows:

Soil Seen in as 1.0 to 4.5m the lease area.

Limestone (95%) Below the Soil up to 50m. i.e. 344-336 mrl

Hydrogeological condition together with climate and topography influences the

occurrence and movement of ground water in this region. The area lies in the tropical

region where climate is characterized by very hot summer and cold winters. The winter

season starts from December and continues till the end of February, January is

the coolest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 220C and the

mean daily minimum temperature at 100C. both the night and day temperatures

increase rapidly during the onset of the pre-monsoon season from March to May.

During pre-monsoon season, the mean maximum temperature (May) was

observed to be 42.00C with the mean minimum temperature (March) at 240C. the

mean maximum temperature in the monsoon season (Sep.) observed to be 340C

whereas the mean minimum temperature was observed to be 180C. By the end of

September with the onset of post-monsoon, the day temperatures increase

slightly, with the mean maximum temperature at 260C and the mean minimum

temperature at 120C. The south-west monsoon lasts from mid-June to mid September

and the area gets more than 85% of the annual rainfall during these four monsoon

months. It is proposed to have detailed hydrological investigation of this area based on

method suggested by Central ground water board, Government of India.

3.3.1 Water Quality

3.3.2 Methods of Sampling and Analysis

To assess the impact of Kubri lime stone mine on water quality, Six water-sampling

Area have been selected in which seven drinking water and seven surface water

samples (Table 3.16). Locations of sampling points are shown in Figure 3.3 which

includes Mahanadi River from the study site. Water samples have been collected in

summer season and analysed as per standards method prescribed in APHA (1992).

Figure 3.3

Table - 3.16: Details of Water Quality Monitoring Stations

Stn. Code Location Remarks

Drinking Water (Well)

W1 Well Water Deori Within Buffer zone Zone

W2 Tube well water Kakra Within Buffer zone Zone

W3 Well Water Kubri Within Buffer zone Zone

W4 Tube well water Banjaria Within Buffer zone Zone

W5 Well Water Bhomari Within Buffer zone Zone

W6 Tube well water badripur Within Buffer zone Zone

Surface Water

SW1 Pond water Deori Within Buffer Zone

SW2 Stream water Kakra Within Buffer Zone

SW3 Mahanadi river Within Buffer Zone

SW4 Stream water Banjaria Within Buffer Zone

SW5 Stream water Bhomari Within Buffer Zone

SW6 Stream water badripur Within Buffer Zone

Table 3.17: Drinking Water Quality in Kubri limestone Area during Summer Season (April 2017)

Sl No Parameters IS: 10500

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6

1 Colour (Hazan

Unit) colourless colourless colourless colourless colourless colourless

unobjectionabl

e

2 Odour unobjectionable unobjectionable unobjectionable unobjectionable unobjectionable unobjectionable unobjectionabl

e

3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

4 Turbidity NTU

(max) 4 5 3 3 4 5 10

5 Total Dissolved

Solid 133 149 153 122 145 141 500

6 pH 7.0 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.6 6.5-8.5

7 Total Hardness

(as CaCo3) max 163 157 166 161 179 187 300

8 Calcium (as Ca) 41.7 33.5 39.8 31.4 38.3 40.2 75

9 Magnesium (as

Mg) 14.2 13.3 14.6 17.2 15.2 16.7 30

10 Copper (as Cu) 0.03 0.12 0.11 0.1 0.10 0.04 0.05

11 Iron (as Fe) 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.04 0.05 0.03

12 Manganese (as

Mn)max 0.04 0.1 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.1

13 Chloride (as Cl-) 99.6 133 155 151 142 112 250

14 Sulphates (as

SO4--) 24 26 21 41 39 27 150

15 Nitrate (as NO3) 9.7 7.4 12.5 11.9 15.3 13.9 45

16 Fluorides as (F-) 0.09 0.17 0.14 0.22 0.39 0.29 0.6-1.2

17

Phenoloic

compound

(C6H5OH)

BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0

18 Mercury (as Hg) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0

Sl No Parameters IS : 10500

W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 DW7

19 Cadmium (as Cd) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01

20 Selenium (as Se) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0

21 Arsenic (as As) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.05

22 Cyanide (as CN-) 0.02 0.04 0.015 0.022 0.037 0.03 0.05

23 Lead (as Pb) 0.05 0.03 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.1 0.1

24 Zinc (as Zn) 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.5

25 Anioinc detergent

(as MBAS) 0.09 0.07 0.15 0.11 0.18 0.13 0.2

26 Chromium (as Cr) 0.02 0.029 0.031 0.038 0.027 0.02 0.05

27 Polynuclear Aromaic

Hydrocarbon (PAH)

Not

Detected

Not

Detecte

d

Not

Detected Not Detected Not Detected Not Detected

28 Mineral ion 0.02 0.005 0.009 0.006 0.008 0.006 0.01

29 Total Residual

Chlorine 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.14 0.2

30 Pesticides absent absent absent absent absent absent absent

31

Radio active

Materials

a) Alpha emmiters

uc/ml, max

b)Beta emmiters

uc/ml, min

absent absent absent absent absent absent absent

32 Coliform organism

(MPN/100ml) absent absent absent absent absent absent

should be

absent

33 Alkalinity 69 82 82 77 79 92 200

34 Aluminium BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.03

35 Boron (as B BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 1

All parameters are expressed in mg/l except pH.

Table 3.19: Surface Water Quality in Kubri limestone Area during Summer Season (April 2017)

Sl. No. Parameters SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 IS : 10500

1 Temperature 22.4 20.2 19.3 21.2 20.6 20.4

2 pH 8.2 8.1 7.6 7.9 8.1 7.9 6.5 -8.5

3 Turbidity NTU (max) 722 679 791 688 735 689

4 Total suspended Solid 131 127 137 141 132 144

5 Total Dissolved Solid 226 228 234 214 188 212 500

6 Alkalinity in M.O (mg CaCo3/l) 93 82 81 79 66 74

7 Alkalinity in Phen (mg CaCo3/l) 9.5 9.1 7.8 8.1 7.7 7.4

8 DO 7.9 7.7 6.8 6.7 7.1 8.2

9 BOD 0.8 1.5 1.7 2.2 0.7 1.1

10 COD 32 32.5 33 32.2 27.6 29.7

11 Temporary Hardness (mgCaCo3/l) 77.3 69.9 82.6 81.5 79.2 72.3

12 Permanent hardness (mg CaCO3/l) 51.5 53 61.2 52.5 53.4 52.7

13 Nitrate (as NO3) 4.7 3.5 3.8 3.6 2.9 2.7

14 Sulphates (as SO4--) 11.4 12.2 12.9 11.8 13.8 13.3 150

15 Ammonia 0.091 0.131 0.077 0.062 0.079 0.119

16 Chloride (as Cl-) 15.7 17.3 16.8 15.4 16.7 16.5 250

17 Oil & Grease nil nil nil nil nil nil

18 Fluorides as (F-) 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 -1.2

19 Phosphate BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

20 Phenol BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

21 Iron (as Fe) 0.4831 0.4829 0.2781 0.1339 0.2519 0.2269 0.3

22 Manganese (as Mn) 0.0359 0.0356 0.1349 0.2413 0.2789 0.3012 30

23 Micro Organisms (MPN/100ml) 1621 1529 1931 1436 1531 1629

All parameters are expressed in mg/l, except pH.

Table 3.19: Test Characteristics for Drinking Water As Per IS: 10500

S.

No.

Characteristic Requirement

(Desirable

Limit)

Undesirable Effects

Outside The

Desirable Limit

Desirable/

Essential

Remark

1. Colour, Hazen

units

Unobjectionable Essential May be extended to

50 only if toxic

substances are not

suspended are not

suspended, in

absence of alternate

sources.

2. Odour Unobjectionable Essential a)Test cold and

when heated b)Test

at several dilution

3. Taste Agreeable Essential Test to be

conducted only after

safety has been

established

4. Turbidity NTU

Max

10 Above 10, Consumer Essential May be extended

upto 25, in absence

of alternate sources

5. Dissolved

Solids mg/l,

Max

500 Beyond this palability

decreases and may

cause gastro intestinal

irritation

Desirable May be extended

upto 3000, in the

absence of alternate

sources

6. pH Value 6. 5 to 8. 5 Beyond this palability

decreases and may

cause gastro intestinal

irritation

Desirable May be relaxed upto

9.2,in absence of

alternate sources

7. Total hardness

(as CaCo3)

mg/l, Max

Encrustation in water

supply structure and

adverse effects on

domestic use

Essential May be extended

upto 600, in

absence of other

sources

8. Calcium(as

Ca) mg/l, Max

75 Encrustation in water


adverse effects on

domestic use


upto 200, in the

absence of other

sources

9. Magnesium

(as Mg) mg/l,

Max

75 Encrustation in water


adverse effects on

domestic use


upto 100, in the

absence of other

sources

10. Copper(as Cu)

mg/l, Max

0.05 Astringent taste,

discoloration and

corrosion of pipes,

fittings and utensils

will be caused beyond

this


1.5

11. Iron(as Fe)

mg/l, Max

0.3 Beyond this limit taste/

appearance are

affected, has adverse

effect domestic uses

and water supply

structure and

promotes iron

bacteria.


upto 1.0 in absence

of alternate sources

is not available

S.

No.


(Desirable

Limit)

Undesirable Effects

Outside The Desirable

Limit

Desirable/ Essential

Remark

12. Manganese(as

Mn)mg/l, Max

0.1 Beyond this limit

taste/appearance are

affected, has adverse

effect on domestic

uses and water supply

structures and

promotes iron

bacteria.


upto 0.5 where

alternate sources is

not available

13. Chlorides(as

Cl) mg/l, Max

250 Beyond this limit taste

corrosion and

palatability are

affected.


upto 1000 in

absence of other

alternate sources.

14. Sulphate (as

SO4) mg/l, Max

150 Beyond this causes

gastro intestinal

irritation when

magnesium or sodium

are present.


upto 400 provided

magnesium (as Mg)

does not exceed 30.

15. Nitrate(as

NO3)

45 Beyond this

methnaemoglobinemia

takes place

No relaxation

16. Fluoride(as F) 0.6 to 1. 2 Low fluoride levels are

linked with dental

Desirable If the limit is below

0.6 water source

mg/l) care. Above 1. 5 it

may cause fluorosis.

should not be

rejected but suitable

public health

17. Phenolic

Compounds(as

C6H5OH) mg/l,

Max

0.001 Beyond this, it may

cause objectionable

taste and odour


0. 002

18. Mercury (as

Hg) mg/l, Max

0.001 Beyond this, the water

becomes toxic

Desirable No relaxation of this

limit is allowed to be

tested when

pollution is

suspected

19. Cadmium(as

Cd) mg/l, Max


becomes toxic


limit is allowed. To

be tested when

pollution is

suspected

20. Selenium(as

Se mg/l, Max


becomes toxic



be tested when

pollution is

suspected

21. Arsenic (as As)

mg/l, Max


becomes toxic



be tested when

pollution is

suspected

22. Cyanide (as

Cn) mg/l, Max


toxic

Desirable No relaxation .To be

tested when

pollution is

suspected

S.

No.


(Desirable

Limit)

Undesirable Effects

Outside The Desirable

Limit

Desirable/

Essential

Remark

23. Lead (As Pb)

mg/l, Max


becomes toxic

Desirable No relaxation being

a health parameter.

To be tested when

pollution /plumb

solvency is

suspected

24. Zinc(as Zn) mg/l, Max

5 Beyond this limit it can

cause astringent taste

and opalescence in

water.


15.To be tested

when pollution is

suspected.

25. Arionic

detergents (as

MBAS), mg/l,

Max

0.2 Beyond this limit it can

cause a light froth in

water


15.To be tested

when pollution is

suspected.

26. Chromium

(as Cr6++) mg/l,

Max

0.05 May be carcinogenic

above this limit

Desirable No relaxation .To be

tested when

pollution is

suspected

27. Polynuclear

aromatic

hydrocarbon

(PAH) mg/l,

Max

May be carcinogenic Desirable +

28. Mineral Oil

mg/l, Max

0.01 Beyond this limit,

undesirable taste and

odour after

chlorination takes

place


0.03.To be tested

when pollution is

suspected

29. Residual, free

chlorine, mg/l,

Min

0.2 Essential To be applicable

only when water is

chlorinated. Tested

at consumer end.

When protection

against viral

infection is required,

it should be

min.0.5mg/l

30. Pesticides Absent Toxic Desirable +

31. Radioactive

materials a)

Alpha emitters

uc/ml, Max

b) Beta

emitters uc/ml,

Max

10 -8

10 –7

- Desirable

Note - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry may be used.

+Limit and methods of test are under study

Table 3.20:-Classification of Inland Surface Water, CPCB Standard

Characteristics A B C D E

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l), min. 6 5 4 4 -

BOD (Mg/l), Min. 2 3 3 - -

Total Coliform (MPN/100),max 50 500 5000 - -

Total Coliform (MPN/100ml),

max. 500 - 1500 - 2100

Chloride as Cl (mg/l),max 250 - 600 - 500

Colour, Hazen Units, max. 10 300 300 - -

Sodium absorption Ratio,

max. - - - 26

Boron as B (mg/l), max. - - - - 2

Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) max. 400 - 400 - 1000

Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) max. 20 - 50 - -

Free Ammonia as N (mg/l),

max. - - - 12 -

Conductivity at 25 o C (us/cm),

max. - - - 1.0 2.25

pH 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 8.5 6.5 - 8.5

Arsenic as As (mg/l), max. 0.05 0.2 0.2 - -

Iron as Fe (mg/l), max. 0.3 - 50 - -

Fluorides as F (mg/l) max. 1.5 1.5 1 - -

Lead as Pb (mg/l), max. 0.1 - 0.1 - -

Copper as Cu (mg/l), max. 1.5 - 1.5 - -

Zinc as Zn (mg/l), max. 15 - 15 - -

If the Coliform count is found to be more than the prescribed tolerance limit, the

criteria for Coliform shall be satisfied if number is more than 20% of samples show

more than the tolerance limit specified and not more than 5% of samples show

values more than four times the tolerance limits. Further, the faecal coliform should

not be more than 20% of the Coliform.

A) Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after

disinfecting.

B) Outdoor bathing organised.

C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by

disaffection.

D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries.

E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal.

3.4 Hydrogeology of the Area

Introduction

Hydro-geological regime of a geometric region is mostly controlled by three major

aspects, namely (i) Topography, (ii) Geology and (iii) Climate, besides the ground

water and associated phenomena which are

• Mode of occurrence and movement of water,

• The direction and velocity of water flow,

• The rate and magnitude of fluid potential fluctuation,

• The quantity of water present in the formations i.e. conduit and storage

Functions of aquifers,

• The recharge-discharge process,

• The infiltration phenomena,

• The relation/interaction of surface and ground water,

• The type and change of chemical quality of waters in space and time, etc.

Ground water conditions/regime: -

Water levels observed in dug wells in the area indicate that the ground water depth

varies during summer between 4.0 m. to 6.0 m. and 2.5 to 4.0 m during monsoon.

Fluid potential fluctuation between the two extreme climates is around 2.5 m.

Recharge to the aquifer is mostly through precipitation, which is around 1200 mm per

annum and is around 20 % of the annual rainfall due to loose strata. Detail of rainfall

data as recorded during 33 months commencing from January 1986, are as follows:

a) Average number of total rainy days in a year 70

b) Maximum rainfall recorded on a single day 170.00 mm

c) Average rainfall in a year 1200.00 mm

Villages Water Levels (m)

Pre-

monsoon

(May)

Post

Monsoon

(Oct.)

Villages Water Levels

(m)

Gw 1 7.2

6.0 Pre-

monsoon

(May)

Post

Monsoon

(Oct.)

Gw 2

8.1

6.5 Gw

19 7.2

6.0

Gw 3

6.9

5.6 Gw

20 8.1

6.5

Gw 4

6.5

5.2 Gw

21 6.9

5.6

Gw 5

6.6

5.1 Gw

22 6.5

5.2

Gw 6

7.6

5.8 Gw

23 6.6

5.1

Gw 7

5.9

4.3 Gw

24 7.6

5.8

Gw 8

9.5

7.3 Gw

25 5.9

4.3

Gw 9

9.8

7.1 Gw

26 9.5

7.3

Gw 10 8.7

7.6 Gw

27 9.8

7.1

Gw 11 8.2

7.4 Gw

28 8.7 7.6

Gw 12 8.5

7.0 Gw

29 8.2 7.4

Gw 13 8.1

6.9 Gw

30 8.5 7.0

Gw 14 9.6

8.2

d)

Ave

rag

e

rainf

all

on a

rainy day during monsoon 53.00 mm

Ground water in entire region is potable with pH ranging between 7 to 7.5 and total

dissolved solids (TDS) between 240 to 300 mg/liter.

Assessment of Capacity

The following assumptions have been made to arrive at the pumping requirement of

the mine. Maximum rainfall in a single day during monsoon is 170 mm. Catchments

area is considered as the maximum open excavated area. Seepage through

backfilled area, strata and surface is 20 % of water inflow due to direct rainfall.

Pumping capacity is provided on the basis of pumping the accumulated water of the

maximum rainfall/day in 5 days with 20 hrs pumping per day.25 % reserve pumping

capacity is kept as standby.

3.4.1 Water Table Behavior in the Area

The common source of water used for domestic and irrigation in the core zone

villages include wells, shallow dug well, river and ponds. The other system is

tapping deep aquifers in some of the villages by deep tube wells i.e. hand pumps.

Total 30 samples from dug wells of more than 30 villages around the buffer zone

area were selected as observation points in the core and buffer zone for measuring

the water levels in these wells during pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons. In

the core and buffer zone the fluctuation of ground water level is given in Table

3.21. The ground water monitoring location and water shed map is given in Fig 3.4

and 3.5.

Gw 15 9.7

8.6

Gw 16 8.5

6.8

Gw 17 9.8

8.8

Gw 18 9.6

8.5

Average 8.27 6.82

Table 3.21: Ground Water Level around Block

Average premonsoon 8.27, Average postmonsoon-6.82. All the water level comprise

average value of more than one wells of each village.

3.4.2 Ground Water Potential of the Study Area

The major source of the water in the region is south-west monsoon during summer

and very small contribution from the north-east during the winter season. In the study

area ground water is withdrawn usually by means of open dug wells and small

diameter hand operated tube wells. The tube wells are most often deeper (20m -

40m) than the dug wells and tap the fractures below the weathered mantle. As the

area is being located in the hot-tropical belt, the temperature regime is very high, the

daily maximum ranging from 30.00C to over 40.00C. Due to excessive heat, the loss

of moisture through evaporation is considerably high. During the wet monsoon

seasons, the net evaporation is less than the precipitation, resulting in surplus water

which is lost either through surface runoff or being part of the subsurface storage.

The surface runoff and subsurface storage of water depends upon various factors

including the amount of rainfall, topography of the area, land use pattern, soil type,

slope, physiographic, drainage pattern and hydrogeomorphology of the

catchment/sub-catchment. The present study area is undulating with small hillocks

and vegetative cover. Water collected on the hill slopes and valley areas either gets

collected in low lying area and is thus ultimately absorbed in the top soil cover and

become part of the ground water flow according the slope to form seasonal

streams/nallas.

The average annual rainfall is around 1200 mm per annum. The maximum daily

rainfall ever recorded at Pachwara was 138 mm. out of which 36% is lost as the

surface runoff, 44% is lost through evapotranspiration and only 20% is enter into the

subsoil and recharge the aquifer.

The water table fluctuation in some of the wells of core and buffer zones have been

monitored both for pre-monsoon and post monsoon periods of 2007. The average

water table in study area during pre-monsoon is 5.9-9.7 m while in post monsoon

season, the average water table varied between 4.3-8.8m. Based on the above

study, different ground water parameters were computed, these include aquifer

thickness, hydraulic conductivity etc.

(i) Computation of total annual replenishable recharge (TARR) (million

m3/year)

a) By ground water table fluctuation method

The average water fluctuation in study area is 1.50 m.

Specific Yield = P*Rg/Hw*(P-Rs)

Where P is the Annual Rainfall, Rg is the annual groundwater runoff, Rs is the annual

surface runoff and Hw is the water table fluctuation

= 1200*188/1500*(1200-250)

= 0.1583

TARR (million m3/year) = Area*average water table fluctuation*Specific Yield

1265Ha*1.50*0..1583

3.003 million m3/year

b) By rainfall infiltration factor method (RIF) (million m3/year)

= Area*average rainfall*infiltration

= 1265Ha*1200/1000*18/100

1151700*10000*1.220*0.18

2.73 million m3/year

Average TARR = 2.8665 million m3/year

Since the deviation between the above two method is less than 20%, the average of two

values has been adopted.

Annual draft excluding estimated draft through mine discharge (million m3 /

year)

= Population *consumption*days

= 300*150*365

= 0.016 million m3/year

(ii) Estimated draft through mine discharge (million m3/year)

Average aquifer discharge =0.108 m3/min=155.52 m3/day

Porosity of alluvium =20%

155.52 x 0.6 = 31.10 m3/day pumping out from 4500 sq.m. area

for unit area 31100/4500=6.91 litter/day

for open area of 500x300 m of mines pumping out=150000x6.91 litter/day

= 1036m3/day

.= 378 mcm/year

(iii) Net ground water availability

= Average TARR - Estimated draft through mine

discharge

= 2.8665 million m3/year - 0.3478 million m3/year

= 2.518million m3/year

(iv). Stage of ground water development (in %)

= Estimated draft through mine discharge

0..3478 /2.8665

= 12.13%

1) Total annual replenishable recharge (million m3/year)

• By ground water table fluctuation method (million m3/year) 3.003

• By rainfall infiltration factor method (million m3/year) 2.73

• Average TARR (million m3/year) 2.8665

2) Annual draft excluding estimated draft through mine discharge

(million m3/year)

0.016

3) Estimated draft through mine discharge (million m3/year) 0.3478

4) Net annual ground water availability (million m3/year) 2.518

5) Stage of ground water development in % 12.13

Radius of Influence

Q = K *(ho2-hw

2)/ln (ro/rw)

Where Q is discharge in m3/day, K is the hydraulic conductivity (m/day), ho is the

thickness of the aquifer, hw is pumping depth and rw is the radius of the discharging well.

Q = 3600 m3/day, hw = 124. The obtained ho is 40 m and the average K is 0.5 m/day

(leaky aquifer due to fractured/blasting), rw = 90m (Assuming 6 pump are in operation)

ro = rw exp{K/Q * (ho2-hw

2)}

Thus, ro = 135 m

3.4.3 Hydraulic Characteristics

Aquifer Parameters

To determine the aquifer characteristics within the area, total 3 pumping tests were

conducted at villages.

Aquifer parameters like specific capacity ‘C’, coefficient of transmissibility ‘T’,

coefficient of permeability ‘K’, and specific yield ‘S’ has been computed using field

data in conjunction with certain logical assumptions. An attempt has also been made

to compute safe distance between two wells and aquifer discharge. The basic data of

pumping tests along with the computed values of various parameters are given in

Ttable-3.23. It may also be mentioned here that some wells could sustain longer

pumping duration and the recuperation data was taken as the basis of computation of

aquifer parameters.

From the table it can be observed that specific capacity ranges from 0.0187 to 0.28

and the average value is 0.0497 m3 / min / m. Discharge is 0.030 to 0.679 m3/min.

Details of pump tests at two sites within the lease area are listed in Table-3.23.

1. The tube well data reveal that the area is having higher draw down with low yield.

2. The transmissibility and field permeability are very low.

Table 3.23: Details of pump test and computed values of aquifer parameters

Sr.

No.

Village Aquifer Location T.D. in

m

S.W.L.

in m

Saturated

Thicknes

s H in m

Area

of well

(A)

sq.m

DD

in m

Discha

rge in

m3/min

Pump

ing

time

in

mint

Specific

capacity

m3/min/

mC

Transmis

sibility

(m2/day)

T

Permeab

ility

(m/day)

K

Safe

distance

between

two

wells (m)

2R from

FD

Specific

yield S

1 Kubri Alluvium Opp.Bus

Stop

11.15 7.17 3.98 6.15 2.24 0.126 180 0.0564 62.12 15.6 38 0.047

2 Badanpur Alluvium In PHC 9.16 5.6 3.56 1.77 2.26 0.076 150 0.0335 75.69 21.08 38 0.047

H : Thickness of saturated aquifer (m) T : Transmissibility (m2/day)

SWL : Static water level (m) K : Permeability (m/day)

TD : Total depth (m) 2R : Safe distance between two wells (m)

A : Area of wells (m2) FD : Safe distance computed from field data

DD : Drawdown (m) t : Pumping duration (min)

C : Sp. Capacity (m3/min/m) R : Radius of influence of pumping (m)

Q : Discharge (C*DD) S : Specific yield (Fraction)

Table 3.24: Details of pump test and computed values of aquifer parameters

Sr.

No.

Location Aquifer Dia

(mm)

T.D. in

m

S.W.

L. in

m

Area

of

well

(A)

sq.m

DD in

m

Discharg

e in

m3/min

Q

Pumpin

g time

in min t

Specific

capacity

m3/min/

m

Transmissibil

ity (m2/day) T

Permeabilit

y (m/day) K

Radius

of

influenc

e

Specifi

c yield

S

1 Lease area Alluvium 200 96 6.65 0.628 43.72 0.79 300 0.0255 45.34 1.47 57 0.0573

2 Lease area Alluvium 270 152.74 10 0.847 17.1 1.31 300 0.0459 61.77 1.08 33 0.0985

Specific Capacity ‘C’

The specific capacity of the unconfined aquifer is an indication of its water yielding

property. The specific capacity and the same have been computed by applying

slitcher’s equation.

C = 2.303 A/ T log (S1/S2)

C = Specific Capacity (m3/min/m) A = Area of well.

T = Time since pumping stopped (min) S1 = Maximum draw down (m)

S2 = Residual draw down (m)

Value of (S1/S2) corresponding to time is obtained from (S1/S2) vs. time plot. The

specific capacity value is observed from 0.0459 m2/min/m to 0.0255 m3/min/m.

Average value of specific capacity is 0.0696 m3/min/m.

Coefficient of Transmissibility “T”

The term ‘Transmissibility is defined as the rate of water flow through a vertical

section of an aquifer whose height is the thickness of the aquifer and whose width is

one foot. When the hydraulic conductivity is 1.00, Transmissibility represents the

water transmitting capacity of a unit width of the entire thickness of the aquifers.

The coefficient of transmissibility and storage are especially important because they

defined the hydraulic characteristic of water bearing formation. The coefficient of

transmissibility indicate how much water will move through the formation and the

coefficient of storage indicate how much can be removed by pumping or draining.

T = 2.303Q/4П∆S

T = Coefficient of transmissibility (m2/day) Q = Discharge (m2/day)

∆S = Residual draw down over one log cycle

The transmissibility value ranges from 45.34 m2/day to 61.77 m2/day in. Which

indicate poor performance of alluvium aquifer due to predominant clay. Average

value of transmissibility is 148.04.

Field Permeability ‘K’

Permeability is defined as the capacity of a porous medium for transmitting water.

Movement of water from one point to another point in the material takes place

whenever a difference in pressure or head occurs between two points. Permeability

depends upon grain size of sand of aquifer and hydraulic gradient. It is computed by

using the following equation.

K = T/H

K = Coefficient of Permeability (m/day)

T = Coefficient of transmissibility (m2/day)

H = Saturated zone thickness of aquifer (m)

The computed values of permeability for alluvial aquifer are ranging from 1.47m/day

to 1.08m/day. Average value of permeability is 26.07 m/day.

Specific Yield ‘S’

Specific Yield is defined as the volume of water released from storage per unit

surface by gravity. The part of the water that is not removed by gravity drainage is

held against the force of gravity by molecular attraction and capillary action. The

quantity that a unit volume retains when subjects to gravity drainage is called its

specific retention. Both specific yield and specific retention are expressed as decimal

fraction or percentage. Specific yield plus specific retention equals to porosity.

Specific Yield ‘S’ of the aquifer has been computed by ‘Ramsey; formula applying

following equation.

S = 4Tt/R2

S = Specific Yield (%) T = Co-efficient of Transmissibility (m2/day)

T = Pumping duration (min) R = Safe distance constant 25.68

The specific yield for alluvial aquifers is 3.5%. Average value of specific yield is

6.49%.

Safe Distance

When water is pumped from a well the quantity discharged initially is derived from

aquifer storage immediately surrounding the well. As pumping continues more water

must be derived from storage at greater and greater distance from the well. This

means that the circular shaped cone of depression must expand so that water can

move from greater distance towards well.

For individual pumping test data, safe distance between two wells is computed by

using Theism’s formula.

2.25 K H t / S

2R= 2* ---------------------------

Log -1 2 П Ks(2H-s)/Q

2R = Sate distance (m) K = Permeability 9m/hrs)

H = Saturated thickness in m t = Time of pumping in hrs

S = Specific Yield (fraction) s = Draw down at cone boundary in

Q = Discharge in Cubic m/hrs m(Assume to be 0.01 m)

The safe distance between two wells in alluvial aquifer is worked out to be 36 to 42m.

The aquifer are not homogeneous hence their parameters are also not having any

type of consistency.

3.5 Acoustic Environment

Sound is produced due to the vibration of bodies or air molecules and is transmitted

as a longitudinal wave motion. Sound wave is characterized by the amplitude of

pressure changes, their frequency, and the velocity of propagation. It is therefore a

form of mechanical energy. Intensity of sound at a point in space is defined by the

rate of flow per unit area, measured in watts per m3. Intensity is proportional to the

mean square of the sound pressure. Sound intensity of practical interest covers a

very large range and is therefore measured on a logarithmic scale. The relative

intensity level of one sound with respect to another is defined as 10 times the

logarithm (to the base of 10) of the ratio of their intensities. Levels defined in this way

are expressed in decibels (dB). To establish an absolute level, a reference value

must be agreed upon. Thus the sound pressure level of a sound with a mean sound

pressure p2 is:

Lp = 10 Log 10 (P/Pref) 2 dB

Where the references pressure ''Pref.'' has an inter-nationally agreed value of 20

micropascals. Because the effects of noise depend strongly upon frequency of sound

pressure oscillation, therefore, spectrum analysis is important in noise measurement.

The range of audible frequencies generally lies between 20 and 20,000 Hz. It has

been found that sounds between 1000 and 4000Hz are normally most easily heard.

Loudness of sound is a function of both intensity and frequency. In view of this,

sound loudness is measured in terms of Sound Pressure Level (SPL) through a

network of filters that represent frequency response of the human ear. Such

frequency-weighted measurements are referred to simply as sound level. ''A''

weighted sound pressure level scale is the most accepted.

Measurement of sound level may be averaged over two distinctly different periods of

time. Steady sound levels and instantaneous levels of variable sound are measured

on very short-time scale of 1 sec. or less. Variable sounds can be measured with a

much longer time, over period of hours (say 8 hrs which is shift duration) and are

expressed in terms of the equivalent continuous pressure level (Leq).

Equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) is that level of steady sound, which

over the same interval of time contains the same total energy as the fluctuating

sound. Thus, Leq is a scale for the measurement of long-term noise exposure. There

is large number of noise scales and rating methods based on average or weighted

averages derived from the detailed noise characteristics. Equivalent sound level

forms a useful measure of noise exposure and forms basis of several noise

indicators. It is defined as

Leq = 10 Log (1/Tfot 10 Lp (t)/10 dt) dB(A)

Where Lp (t) is instantaneous sound pressure level and T is time of averaging

normally 8 or 24 hours.

3.5.1 Instrument Used and Methodology

Noise level study has been done for monitoring the ambient noise level in the leasehold area. Mip-oy integrated sound level

meter meeting IEC-197A was used to measure the noise level. Average day and night Leq values have been assessed at each

location for four hours duration both during day and night time with the interval of 30 minutes.

3.5.2 Noise Standards

Central Pollution Control Board has stipulated some specific standard for ambient

noise-level in industrial, commercial, residential and silence zones for both day and

night time. These are given in Table 3.24.

Table 3.24: Ambient Noise Standard

Sl.

No.

Location Noise Level [Leq in dB(A)]

Day Time Night Time

1. Industrial Area 75 70

2. Commercial Area 65 55

3. Residential Area 55 45

4. Silence Zone 50 40

In addition to this, there are another set of exposure limits laid down by office of

Occupation Safety and Health Administration in USA (OSHA), and IS: 3483.

These are given in Table 3.25.

Table 3.25: Exposure Limit for Different Noise Levels

Maximum Duration (hrs./Day) Sound Level dB (A)

OSHA IS:3483

8 90 85

6 92 -

4 95 88

2 100 91

1 105 94

½ 110 98

¼ 115 100

(OSHA) - Occupational Safety and Health Administration, USA)

3.5.3 Assessment of Noise Level

Noise level in core Zone and Buffer Zone

To assess the ambient noise level, measurements have been carried out at 6(six) as

shown in Figure 3.6, which are listed in Table 3.26. Noise, often defined as

unwanted sound, interferes with speech communication, causes annoyance,

distracts from work, disturbs sleep thus deteriorating the quality of human

environment. Noise levels were measured at several locations in the human

settlements around the proposed mining site by using precision noise level meter.

Detailed analysis of noise has revealed that there is no noticeable impact of noise in

the surrounding environment. All the study sites in the residential areas exhibited a

noise level well within the corresponding threshold limit value as prescribed by

CPCB, both during the day and night time.

Fig 3.6 Noise monitoring location

Table 3.26: Noise Monitoring Locations and Level in the Study Area

Station

Code Monitoring Station

Average Leq value in dB (A)

Day Night

N1 Kakra 52.1 38.4

N2 Badera 51.4 37.7

N3 Bihara 50.3 36.8

N4 Ajwain 49.8 36.6

N5 Deori 51.1 37.5

N6 Amgar 50.9 38.1

CPCB Standard (Industrial Area) 75.0 70.0

CPCB Standard (Residential Area) 55.0 45.0

3.5.4 Results and Discussions

At post monsoon season the noise level is well witin the limt it is because the area is

devoid of any industrial activity.Whatever noise is mainly due to the traffic and

commercial activity of the area. The resultant noise level in core and buffer zone is

given in Table 3.26.


This is a Mining Lease of mineral Limestone , Clay and Bauxite, near village- Kubri ,

Tahesail-Maihar, District- Satna, Madhya Pradesh over an area of 69.301 hectare. GO

has been issued in favour of Shri Sukhdeo Prasd goaynka, Station Road Katni vide deed

no 451108 made on 19 /08/2014. The Mining will be done in this proposed lease by

semi-mechanized open cast method. Proposed workings will be systematic by forming

proper benches. .

3.6.1 Land Use Pattern

For the proposed Mine, the total requirement of land is estimated as 69.03Ha, The total

land area (69.03 Ha) includes Agriculture land 30 Ha, Waste land 39.30 Ha. All the

land stated above are under different stages of acquisition.The core zone land use is

given below;

Fig 3.7 Core zone land use

3.8 Land use pattern of 10 Km. Radoous

Table 3.27: Land use pattern 10 km. radious, Buffer Zone

Class Name Area in (Hect) % of area in Total area

Vegetation 1561.46 5.13

Water body 675.43 2.22

Agriculture Land 6140.54 20.18

Settlement 5612.63 18.45

Scrub Land 4156.43 13.66

Mining 1316.21 4.33

Fallow Land 6568.20 21.59

Wasteland 4397.29 14.44

Total Area 30428.17 100

3.6.2 Status of Forest Clearance

▪ No forest area is within the lease boundary and no diversion of forest is

required for the present lease.

3.7 Soil Quality

To assess the quality of soil in and around block, soil samples from wasteland and

agricultural field have been collected and analysed for physical and chemical

parameters. The physical properties of soil, like: texture, bulk density, moisture content

and water holding capacity have been evaluated. The chemical properties, which

govern growth performance of crops and plant includes pH, EC, N, P, K and organic

carbon. The sampling locations are described in Table 3.29

Table 3.29 Sampling Location of Soil

Station Code Sampling Sites

S1 Waste land of Kakra

S2 Agriculture field of Badera

S3 Waste land of Pachwara Bihara

S4 Agriculture field Ajwain

Methodology

Soil sampling has been carried out in the month of April 2017. The standard procedure

has been followed for sampling and all the samples have been taken from the depth of 0

- 30 cm. and 30 - 60 cm. from all the sites. Standard procedures for sampling and

analysis are listed below:

Physical Parameters

Colour Visual Observation

Natural moisture content (%) IS : 2720 Part II (1973)

Bulk density (g/cm3) IS : 2720 Part XXIX (1975)

Particle size analysis IS : 2720 Part II (1973)

Water holding capacity

Chemical Properties

pH IS : 2720 Part XXIX (1973)

Electrical Conductivity (mmoh/cm) IS : 2720 Part XIX (1977)

Organic Carbon (%) IS : 2720 Part XXII (1972)

Available N (Kg/ha) Micro Kjeldhal method (Jackson1958)

Available P (Kg/ha) Olsen method (1954)

Available K (Kg/ha) Ammonium acetate extractable measured

by ASS

Results and Discussions

Four samples comprising of wasteland, agricultural field and forest area have been

analysed for their physico–chemical properties. The results of analysis are presented in

Table 3.30.

Analysis of soil samples reveals that there is no wide variation in the natural material.

Particle size analysis shows that the texture of the soil is of sandy loam in nature. The

bulk density was found to vary from 1.40 to 1.62 g/cm3 showing compactness while

moisture content ranged from 1.9 % to 3.9 %. All the samples showed moderate water

holding capacity ranging from 23.66 to 30.21 %. Further soil of agricultural field was

found slightly acidic in nature while the wasteland and forest soils samples shows

neutral pH. Electrical conductivity measurement of the samples clearly suggests that

total soluble solid concentration is in the normal range and all the values are found

below 1 mmoh/cm the values of EC ranged from 0.19 to o.30 mmoh/cm.

The values of organic carbon of all samples were found to be lower. As compared to

other site, forest soil shows slightly high carbon content. Available nitrogen was found to

be lower ranging from 219 to 288 Kg/ha except in case of forest soil where the value

represents medium range. Available phosphorus and potassium have been found in

medium range. The values are compared with rating chart is given in Table 3.31 and

relation between conductivity and total soluble solid content is given in Table 3.32.

Table 3.30: Physico–Chemical Properties of Soil during November2008

Parameters

Sampling Locations

S1 S2 S3 S4

0-30

cm

30-60

cm

0-30

cm

30-60

cm

0-30

cm

30-60

cm

0-30

cm

30-60

cm

Physical Parameters

Sand (%) 67.0 64.2 66.3 61.0 66.1 60.3 61.4 57.4

Silt (%) 19.2 21.4 20.5 22.7 19.5 22.6 21.4 26.1

Clay (%) 12.6 10.9 13.2 11.4 13.7 15.7 12.8 14.5

Texture Sandy

loam

Sandy

loam

Sandy

loam

Sandy

loam

Sandy

loam

Sandy

loam

Sandy

loam

Sandy

loam

Bulk density

(g/cm3) 1.53 1.41 1.46 1.56 1.40 1.62 1.47 1.51

Moisture

content (%) 2.5 3.9 2.2 3.2 1.9 3.1 2.5 3.3

Water holding

capacity (%) 23.66 26.41 28.21 29.51 24.36 28.62 25.14 30.21

Chemical Parameters

pH 6.1 6.5 6.4 6.7 6.3 7.2 6.4 6.9

EC (m moh/

cm) 0.22 0.27 0.24 0.29 0.19 0.20 0.23 0.30

Organic Carbon

(%) 0.30 0.34 0.27 0.29 0.19 0.28 0.21 0.28

Available N

(Kg/ha) 245 237 243 229 233 219 288 269

Available P

(Kg/ha) 25 19 19 22 17 21 20 25

Available K

(Kg/ha) 131 138 144 142 130 131 139 140

S1 - Waste land of Litipara, S2 - Agriculture field of Bishunpur,

S3 - Waste land of Pachwara Phharitoal; S4 - Agriculture field Baghapara.

Table 3.321 : Rating Chart for Soil Test Value in India

S. N. Parameter Unit Low Medium High

1. Organic % <0.5 0.5 - 0.75 >0.75

2. Available N Kg/ha <280 280 – 560 >560

3. Available P Kg/ha <10 10 – 25 >25

4 Available K Kg/ha <120 120- 280 >280

Table 3.32 : Relation between Conductivity and Total Soluble Solid Content

S. N. Conductivity Total soluble solid content

1. <1m mho/cm Normal

2. 1-2 mho/cm Fairly good

3. 2-3<1 mho/cm High

4. >3m mho/cm Very High


Biological environment is one of the most important aspects in environmental impact

assessment in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality for

environmental management and planning. Eco-systems consist of varieties of

interrelationships between both abiotic and biotic components including dependence,

competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprises of both plant and animal

communities which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the

abiotic components of the environment.

Generally a biological ecosystem, being dependent on the climatic condition and

resources of its location, may change if there are any human impacts in the abiotic

environment. A number of variables like temperature, humidity, atmospheric conditions,

soils, topography, etc. are responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the ecological

environment and change in any one of the variables may lead to stress on the

ecosystem. Plant and animal communities in their natural habitat exist in a well-

organised manner obeying food chain, food web complex and laws of thermo dynamics

for sustainable development. This natural equilibrium may be disturbed by any external

man induced or nature-induced influences. The disturbance should not cross beyond

resilience level. So, once this equilibrium is disturbed, it becomes practically impossible

or takes a longer time to come to its original state. Plants and animals are more

susceptible to environmental stresses and resilience. A change in the composition of the

biotic communities is reflected as a change in the distribution pattern, diversity,

dominance of the natural species of flora and fauna existing in the ecosystem. These

changes over a time span can be quantified and related to the existing environmental

factors. The sensitivity of plants and animal species to the changes occurring in their

existing ecosystem can, therefore, be used for Environmental Impact Assessment

studies of any project for sustainable development.

The core zone of the Block will require 69.03 hectars having no forest area.

3.8.1 Survey Methodology

A preliminary survey of the study area has been performed to get a general picture of

the landscapes in vegetation. Traverses have been taken within different areas of the

study area to note major vegetation patterns and plant communities including their

growth form and dominant species and the human as well as mining influence on

vegetation. Plants, which could not be identified in the field, have been collected,

pressed and brought to the laboratory for identification.

3.8.2 Flora and Fauna Distribution

3.8.2.1 Floral Diversity

There is no sensitive area within 15 km of the block. This area does not fall under any

corridor of migratory birds or animals.

Common trees in the jungles are Bamboo, Khair (catechu), Salai, Simul, Mahua,

Palas, Kusum, Kend, Asan, Piar and Bhelwa. Prominent floral species are listed in

Table 3.34.

There is no endangered species of flora and fauna in the core & buffer zone of

the mining site. As such the conservation plan is not required

Table 3.35: Prominent Flora Species

S.N Local Name Hindi Name Botanical Name

LARGE TREE

1. Aachar Aachar Buchanaia lanzar

2. Arjun Arjun, Koha Terminalia arjuna

3. Aam Aam Mangifera indica

4. Anwla Anwla Emblica officinalis

5. Imli Imli Tamarindus indica

6. Kathgular Kathumar Ficus hispida

7. Kalla Korkut Dillenia pentagyna

8. Kala Siris Kala Siras Albizzia lebbek

9. Kem(mundi) Mundi Mitragyna parviflora

10. Kher Kher Acacia catechu


11. Gamari Khamhar,Khamher Gmelina arborea

12. Gular Dumar Ficus glomerata

13. Chichwa Chichwa Albizzia odoratissima

14. Jamun Jamun ,Jam Syzygium cumini

15. Jaimangal Jaimangal Oroxylim indicum

16. Boon Boon Cedrela toona

17. Tendu Tandu Diospyros melanoxylon

18. Dhaman Dhaman,Dhankoot Grewia tiliaefolia

19. Dhawra Dhawa Anogeissus latifolia

20. Nilgiri Nilgiri Cucalyputs Spp.

21. Neem Neem Azardirachta indica

22. Palas Chhawla Butea monosperma

23. Pakar Pakar Ficus infectoria

24. Pangara Hadua Erythrina Suberosa

25. Pipal Pipal Ficus religiosa

26. Pula Baranga Kydia Calycina

27. Bar Bargad, Bar Ficus bengalensis

28. Bahera Bahera Terminalia belerica

29. Bijasal Bija Pterocarpus marsupium

30. Bel Bel Aegle marmelos

31. Girra Girra,Giraha Chloroxylon swietenia, D.C.

32. Bhorsal Bherkut Hymenodictyon excelsum

33. Mahua Mahua Madhuca indica

34. Mokha Mokha, Dhatha Schrebera Swietenioides

35. Riunja Riunja Acacia leucophloca

36. Lasoda Labher, Lasurah Cordia dichotoma

37. Shisum Kala Shisum Daibergia latifolia

38. Safed Siris Karhi Albizzia procera

39. Sagaun Sagaun Tectona grandis

40. Saz Saza Terminalia tomentosa

41. Sal Sarai Shorea robusta

42. Salai Salai, Salenh Boswellia serrata

43. Seza Senza,Lediya, Senha Lagerstroemia parviflora

44. Semal Semra Salmalia malabarica

45. Sonpaker Karhber Ficus tomentosa

46. Hari Hari, Harar Terminalia Chebula

47. Haldu Haldu, Kalmi Adina Cardifolia

SMALL TREES

48. Agaltara Dhanbaher, Cassia fistula


Karkacha

49. Kachnar Kachnar Bauhinia variegata

50. Kathjamun Kathjamun Syxyglum heyneacum

51. Keblar Keblar Bauhinia purpuraca

52. Galgal Gabandi Cochlospermum religionsum

53. Gilchi Barri Casearia elliptica

54. Ghont Ghonthar Zizyphus xylopyra

55. Dikamali Dikamali,Paprail Gardenia resinifera

56. Tilwan Tilwan Wendiandia excerta

57. Ber Ber Zizophus jujuba

58. Bhilma Bhilma Scenecarpus anacardium

59. Mainphal Mainhar Randla dumetorum

60. Roli Sinduri, Sheri Mallotus philippinensis

SHRUBS AND UNDER SHRUBS

61. Akol Akola Alangium Salvifolium

62. Adusha Adusha Adhatoda vasica

63. Aapamarg Chirchita Achyranthes aspera

64. Arandi Arandi Ricinus Communis

65. Aak Aak Calotropis gigantea

66. Karonda Karonda Carissa opaca

67. Kurchi Kurchi, Keria Holarrhena antidysentrica

68. Kela jangli Jangli kela Musa sapiertum

69. Khurshi Khurshi Grewia rothii

70. Khareta Jangli Mehndi Dodonea viscosa

71. Gursakri -- Grewia hirsute

72. Gokhru Gokhru Tribulus terrestris

73. Godharu -- Xanthium strumarium

74. Jodhrali Wanmasuri Antidesma ghassembilla

75. Jharneri Jhakheri Zizyphus nummularia

76. Jhau Jharu, Jhau Tararix dioica

77. Tulsi Tulsi Ocimum sanctum

78. Thuar Thuar Euphorbia nerifolia

79. Nirguri Nirguri Vitex negundo

80. Nil Birhul Indigofera pulchella

81. Panar Chrot, Chkora Cassia tora

82. Baibirang Baibirang Embelia robusta

83. Besharam Besharam Ipomoea pes-caparae

84. Bhatkaya Bhatkatya Solanum nigrum

85 Bhringraj Dhamira Eclipta prostrata


86. Marorfali Enthi Helieteres isora

87. Mohaty Mohaty Vernonia divergens

88. Raimuniya Raimuniya Lantana camara

89. Shatabari Satawar Asparagus recemosus

90. Sitafal Sitafal Anona squamosa

91. Harsingar Sehrua Nyctanthes arbortristis

92. Bantulsi Bantulsi Daedalacanthus purpuriens

93. Makor Makor Zizyphus oenoblia

94. Ratanjot Ratanjot Jatropha curacas

95. Raimuniya Raimuniya Latana acovleata

CLIMBERS

96. Kiwach Kewach Mucuna prurita

97. Gunja Kewati Abrus precatorious

98. Tupbel Amajin Derris scandens

99. Nasarbal Mouriyan Butea parviflora

100. Nagbel Dudhi Cryptolepis buchanani

101. Palasbel Badrosin Butea superba

102. Psaran Dudhi Clematis smilacifolia

103. Bechandi Boichandi Dioscorea daanona

104. Makor Makor Zizphus oenoplia

105. Mahul Mohlain Bauhinia vahlii

106. Ramdaton Sherdaton Smilax Zeylanica

107. Roni Ael Acacia pennata

GRASSES

108. Kash Kash Saccharum spontaneum

109. Kush Kusha Desmostachya bipinnata

110. Kusul Kusul, Lampa Heteropogon contortus

111. Khash Urai Vetivaria zizanioides

112. Chhir Chir Imperata cylindrica

113. Dub Dub Cynodon dactylon

114. Phuli Phulhara Apuda mutica

115. Bahayadanda Barru Arundo donax

116. Bhurbhushi Bhurbhushi Eragrostis tenella

117 Bhurbhushi Choti bhutbhushi Eragrostis interrupta

118. Bharbel Kail Dichanthium annulatum

119. Munj Munj Erianthus munja

120. Rusha Rusha Cymbopogon martini

121. Sabai Bagai Eulaliopsis binata

OTHER PLANTS

122. Amarbel Amarbel Cuscuta reflexa

123. Chhind Chhind Phoenix acaulis


124. Bandha Bandha Dendrophthoe falcata

125. Bans Bans Dendrocalamus strictus

No endangered or endemic species

3.8.2.2 Fauna

There is no endangered faunal species in the area. Different varieties of birds are also

observed in the winter season as mentioned in Table 3.36. The high vegetative growth

supports variety of faunal species. Prominent wild species include wild boar, jungle cat,

civet cat, black napped hare; squirrel, mongoose, jackals, deer and porcupines are also

occasionally spotted. Amongst birds the bulbul, the white-breasted kingfisher, magpie

robin, spotted dove, myna, jungle ubbler are prominent. Amongst reptiles, several

poisonous like krait and non-poisonous snakes (like boa, green whip, bronze backed

tree snake, etc) abound in this area. The garden lizard and monitor lizard are also seen.

Variety of butterflies (like common grass yellow/ common jezebel) and insects (such as

beetles, spiders, red ants, and flies) are spotted in abundance in the study zone.

Table 3.36: Different Varieties of Fauna in the area

S.N. Scientific Name/ Schedule Local Name English Name

Class – Mammalia

1. Presbytia entellus II (4-A) Langur Common Langur

2. Macaca mulatta II (17-A) Bandar Rhesus macaue

Order Insectivora

3. Hemiechinus auritus collaries IV(4-

A) -- Hedgehog

Order Chiroptera

4. Cynopterus sphinx V(3) Chamgadar Short nosed fruit bat

5. Pteropus ginganteus -[part of (I)] --Indian Fox Flying fox

Order Carnivora

6. Felis domisticus V Billi Common Jungle Cat

7. Herpestes edwardsi [Part of (II)] Newla Common Mongoose

8. Canis aureus III Gidar, Siyar Jackal

9. Vulpes bengalensis II (1-B) Lomari Indian fox

Order Rodentia

10. Funambulus Pennanti IV Gilhari Common five Stripped

Squirrel

S.N. Scientific Name/ Schedule Local Name English Name

11. Bandicota bengalensis V (6) Chuha Field rat

12. Rattus rattus-refescena V (6) Chuha Common house rat

13. Golund ellioti V (6) Chuha The Indian bush rat

Order Ungulata

14. Sus scrofa III (19) Suar Indian wild Boar

15.. Boselaphus tragocamelus III (14) Nilgai Blue bull

16. Cervus unicolor III (15) Sambhar Sambhar

BIRDS

S.N. Hindi Name English Name Scientific Name

1. Chil IV Common pariah kite Milvus migrans

2. Safed Gidh IV(75) White scavenger Vulture Neophron

perencopterus

3. Rajgid IV(75) King Vulture Torgas Calvus

4. Kala Titar IV (51) Black partridge Francolinus from

colinus

5. Safed Titar IV (51) Gray partridge Francolinus pond

icerianus

6. Bater IV (51) Common or gray quail Cotuenix coturnix

7. Kala Titar IV (51) Painted Partridge Francolinus Pictus

8. Chhoti jangli murgi Red spur fowl Galloperdix spondica

9. Bagla saras IV (16) Common crane Grus grus

10. Saras crane IV (16) Saras crane Grus antigone

11. Pihua V (36) Pheasant tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus

chirurgus

12. Harial IV (54) Common green pigeon Treron phoenicoptera

13. Kabutar IV (54) Blue rock pigeon Columba livia

14. Ram tota IV (50) Large indian Parakeet Psittacula eupatria

15. Tota IV (50) Roseringed parakeet Psittacula Krameri

16. Papiha IV (17) Cuckoo,

Brain fever bira Cuculus varius

17. Koel V Koel Eudynamys

scolopceaus

18. Crow IV Coucal / Crow Phesant Centropus sinensis

19. Papiha chatak IV (17) Pied crested Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus

21. Uloo IV (48) Owl Bubo bubo

22. Chotta Kilkila IV (37) Small blue kingfisher or

Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis

23. Korila IV (37) Black capped kingfisher Haleyan Pileata

24. Bada patringa IV Blue cheeked bee eater Merops Superciliosus

S.N. Hindi Name English Name Scientific Name

25. Patringa IV Green bee eater Merops Orientalis

26. Bada Patringa IV Blue tailed bee eater Merops Philipinus

27. Nilkanth IV (59) Indian roller Blue jay Coracias bengalensis

28. Kathfora IV (79) Golden backed woodpecker Dinopim bengalense

29. Kathfora IV (79) Yellow fronted pied

woodpecker Picoides manrattensis

30. Kathfora IV (79) Heart spotted wood pecker Hermicircusconente

31. Navrang IV (55-A) Indian Pitta Pitta brachura

32. Pilak IV (47) Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus

33. Bhujang IV (20) King crow;Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis

34. Pahari Bhujang IV (20) White bellied drango Dicrurus Caerulescens

35. Bhimraj IV Large Racket tailed drango Dicrurus paradiseus

36 Tagaria Babil IV Ashy Shollow shrike Artamus fusus

37. Brahman Maina IV Black headed myna Sturnus Pogodarum

38. Maina IV (45) Common Maina Aerodotheres tristis

39. Junglee Koua IV Junglee crow Corvus macrorhynchos

40. Bubul IV (8) Small minivet Pericrocotus

Cinnamomaus

41. Pahari Bulbul/Chasm IV

(8) Scarlet minivet Pericrocotus flammeus

42. Karaiya IV Large Cuckoo Coracina

novachollandiae

43. Pahari Bulbul IV (8) Red whisked Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus

44. Bulbul (IV (8) Redvented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer

45. Sat Bahan IV (3) Slaty headed

Scimitar bulbular

Pomatorhinus

Schisticeps

46. Sat Bhai IV (3) Jungle babblar Turdoides striatus

47. Sat Bhai IV (3) Quaker Babbler Alcippe Poioicephale

48. Shama IV (28) Tickell’s bule flycather Muscicapatickelline

muscicapidae

No Endangered Species

3.9 Socio-economic Environment

3.9.1 Industrialisation

The low-lying areas of the region are being used for paddy and other seasonal

vegetable cultivation. There is no irrigated Agricultural land.There is no industry in and

around the Pachwara Coalfield except Pachwara Central Block OCP of PANEM Coal

Mines Limited.

3.9.2 Communication

Railway

The area is approachable by both rail and road. The Mahiar raiway nis about 10

km. The fall in the howrah Bombay line via Allahabad.

Road

This area is approachable from Mahiar by metalled road from Maihar as well as

from Kymore-Katni. The state highway is about 5 km.from the site

3.9.3 Trade and Commerce

Mahiar, Satna district is mainly important for agriculture. Mahiar is also the tourist place

because of ma sarda templeThe main commodity imported in the district consists of

Rice, Onion, green vegetables etc. within the district. The main markets are Maihar and

Satna,and Katni.

3.9.4 Electricity and Power

All HEMM proposed for this project, are diesel operated equipment. Hence, quarry

power requirement is only for quarry lighting and haul road lighting, besides catering to

the electrical load requirement for Workshop, Pumping and Colony.

3.9.5 Socio-Economic Profile

A field survey was conducted within 10 km radius of lease area. The parameter selected

under socio-economic component were demographic structure of the study are provision of

basic amenities, industries likely to come up in the study area, welfare facilities to be

provided by the project proponent etc.

Basic data pertaining to population, SC, ST, education facilities, literacy, basic amenities

and main workers, marginal workers, non-workers by sex etc., has been collected from

the census book, for all the villages and the urban area. Field survey has also been

carried out on different aspects of socio-economic dimension indicators to know the

people’s perception on the mining operations and to determine the quality of life of the

people living in the area. Various socio-economic dimensions and quality of life have

been discussed in the following sections.

3.9.5.1 Demographic Pattern

Population of different villages falling in the buffer zone of the is given in Table 3.37.

3.9.5.2 Literacy

Literacy rate, number of Main Workers, Agriculture labourers, Cultivators, Marginal and

Non-marginal workers both male and females in the buffer zone and villages of the

lease area are given in the Table 3.38.

Table 3.37: Population of Pachwara (North) Block, Buffer Zone

NAME TOT_P TOT_M TOT_F P_SC M_SC F_SC P_ST M_ST F_ST

1 49 26 23 0 0 0 49 26 23

2 67 32 35 0 0 0 65 31 34

3 70 35 35 0 0 0 70 35 35

4 127 63 64 0 0 0 125 61 64

5 27 13 14 0 0 0 27 13 14

6 464 230 234 0 0 0 454 224 230

7 60 29 31 0 0 0 60 29 31

8 174 88 86 0 0 0 174 88 86

9 1379 687 692 7 4 3 288 139 149

10 829 430 399 18 8 10 509 263 246

11 84 41 43 0 0 0 84 41 43

12 190 98 92 0 0 0 190 98 92

13 237 118 119 0 0 0 229 115 114

14 118 60 58 0 0 0 108 50 58

15 1924 970 954 97 50 47 1156 561 595

16 199 106 93 0 0 0 179 94 85

17 79 43 36 0 0 0 71 39 32

18 327 157 170 0 0 0 327 157 170


19 248 135 113 0 0 0 241 133 108

20 1358 713 645 65 35 30 465 235 230

21 291 150 141 0 0 0 274 141 133

22 374 192 182 0 0 0 319 162 157

23 257 132 125 0 0 0 257 132 125

24 105 52 53 0 0 0 101 49 52

25 182 88 94 0 0 0 181 88 93

26 340 166 174 0 0 0 340 166 174

27 280 139 141 10 5 5 270 134 136

28 87 44 43 0 0 0 83 42 41

29 62 27 35 0 0 0 62 27 35

30 104 53 51 0 0 0 104 53 51

31 49 25 24 0 0 0 49 25 24

32 119 60 59 0 0 0 118 59 59

33 116 52 64 0 0 0 116 52 64

34 333 179 154 0 0 0 330 177 153

35 191 94 97 0 0 0 134 68 66

36 213 103 110 0 0 0 195 92 103

37 238 131 107 0 0 0 235 129 106

38 1078 550 528 4 4 0 1022 516 506

39 364 190 174 0 0 0 358 185 173

40 264 137 127 0 0 0 264 137 127

41 862 439 423 0 0 0 856 433 423

42 452 237 215 0 0 0 420 221 199

43 373 184 189 0 0 0 373 184 189

44 2329 1154 1175 191 96 95 1684 832 852


45 148 76 72 0 0 0 147 75 72

46 34 20 14 0 0 0 34 20 14

47 88 44 44 0 0 0 88 44 44

48 324 189 135 0 0 0 280 163 117

49 268 150 118 0 0 0 268 150 118

50 61 38 23 0 0 0 61 38 23

51 130 62 68 0 0 0 130 62 68

52 473 234 239 0 0 0 473 234 239

53 148 68 80 0 0 0 139 63 76

54 267 128 139 0 0 0 267 128 139

55 272 137 135 0 0 0 272 137 135

56 166 111 55 0 0 0 102 74 28

57 263 141 122 0 0 0 247 133 114

58 799 410 389 13 6 7 598 304 294

59 247 131 116 0 0 0 247 131 116

60 622 315 307 0 0 0 616 312 304

61 241 123 118 0 0 0 222 114 108

62 350 175 175 0 0 0 334 166 168

63 429 214 215 0 0 0 429 214 215

64 413 204 209 7 3 4 406 201 205

65 594 296 298 0 0 0 545 270 275

66 144 71 73 0 0 0 144 71 73

67 803 409 394 80 47 33 708 358 350

68 512 244 268 30 12 18 482 232 250

69 723 370 353 0 0 0 723 370 353

70 94 51 43 0 0 0 94 51 43


71 982 516 466 23 13 10 959 503 456

72 1861 1112 749 173 92 81 371 197 174

73 1194 638 556 164 84 80 228 108 120

74 56 31 25 0 0 0 56 31 25

75 275 142 133 0 0 0 125 61 64

76 193 90 103 0 0 0 193 90 103

77 383 191 192 0 0 0 383 191 192

78 180 102 78 0 0 0 51 27 24

79 293 152 141 0 0 0 281 146 135

80 371 202 169 101 57 44 25 14 11

81 299 158 141 0 0 0 299 158 141

82 296 149 147 195 93 102 100 55 45

83 614 324 290 0 0 0 604 318 286

84 736 361 375 0 0 0 731 358 373

85 1439 725 714 5 3 2 70 37 33

86 477 253 224 57 25 32 375 200 175

87 364 176 188 0 0 0 363 175 188

88 339 166 173 0 0 0 230 116 114

89 372 173 199 6 6 0 269 116 153

90 396 192 204 0 0 0 363 177 186

91 277 137 140 0 0 0 277 137 140

92 316 162 154 0 0 0 279 143 136

93 462 245 217 0 0 0 0 0 0

94 267 144 123 0 0 0 163 92 71

95 430 209 221 0 0 0 430 209 221

96 379 190 189 25 9 16 354 181 173


97 691 371 320 0 0 0 637 340 297

98 830 397 433 0 0 0 824 392 432

99 588 292 296 13 5 8 399 203 196

100 1203 593 610 103 55 48 845 408 437

101 69 37 32 0 0 0 69 37 32

102 103 50 53 0 0 0 99 47 52

103 50 27 23 0 0 0 50 27 23

104 101 54 47 0 0 0 101 54 47

105 124 66 58 0 0 0 124 66 58

106 86 42 44 0 0 0 79 38 41

107 261 134 127 0 0 0 198 102 96

108 1141 600 541 68 37 31 427 220 207

109 135 62 73 0 0 0 131 61 70

110 146 69 77 0 0 0 144 68 76

111 520 260 260 0 0 0 353 173 180

112 195 101 94 0 0 0 127 67 60

113 288 152 136 19 11 8 127 68 59

114 438 229 209 0 0 0 187 100 87

115 78 37 41 0 0 0 78 37 41

116 535 289 246 0 0 0 535 289 246

117 318 170 148 0 0 0 317 169 148

118 50 22 28 0 0 0 50 22 28

119 166 86 80 39 19 20 101 54 47

120 161 79 82 0 0 0 161 79 82

121 143 75 68 0 0 0 143 75 68

122 1366 678 688 34 19 15 1167 576 591


123 360 196 164 16 7 9 344 189 155

124 427 235 192 27 16 11 354 191 163

Table 3.38: Literacy, Total Main Worker, Cultivators Agricultural, Marginal And Non-Marginal Of the area

Village Category Total population Literate rate Total Main Worker Cultivator MarginalWorker

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

1 Rural 49 11 5 15 1 15 1 0 1

2 Rural 67 5 3 0 0 0 0 12 13

3 Rural 70 3 0 18 16 14 7 1 1

4 Rural 127 7 2 29 21 29 21 7 11

5 Rural 27 1 0 8 0 5 0 0 6

6 Rural 464 22 2 128 112 79 71 9 21

7 Rural 60 4 8 13 14 13 14 2 2

8 Rural 174 0 0 48 12 45 12 8 23

9 Rural 1379 315 139 305 41 91 6 18 139

10 Rural 829 110 37 227 37 98 12 4 167

11 Rural 84 5 4 20 20 20 20 0 2

12 Rural 190 3 1 59 52 59 52 0 0

13 Rural 237 5 1 51 3 49 3 0 0

14 Rural 118 25 11 22 9 22 9 4 15



15 Rural 1924 475 254 474 110 302 82 52 203

16 Rural 199 8 2 45 3 33 0 0 0

17 Rural 79 4 0 27 21 19 14 0 0

18 Rural 327 10 1 89 2 65 1 0 91

19 Rural 248 40 9 45 2 42 2 9 61

20 Rural 1358 262 49 374 132 189 57 15 60

21 Rural 291 5 3 8 3 1 1 109 85

22 Rural 374 27 5 9 0 3 0 123 120

23 Rural 257 33 18 58 2 56 2 7 40

24 Rural 105 4 2 28 0 27 0 7 29

25 Rural 182 7 5 44 2 43 1 8 38

26 Rural 340 41 32 79 2 76 1 20 13

27 Rural 280 35 16 52 0 46 0 25 7

28 Rural 87 2 0 0 0 0 0 29 30

29 Rural 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 25



30 Rural 104 2 1 0 0 0 0 40 32

31 Rural 49 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 19

32 Rural 119 15 2 0 0 0 0 39 33

33 Rural 116 16 4 22 2 21 2 5 23

34 Rural 333 52 33 71 0 71 0 24 93

35 Rural 191 10 4 56 1 45 1 3 42

36 Rural 213 46 29 27 0 26 0 23 50

37 Rural 238 1 4 69 54 41 31 0 3

38 Rural 1078 105 55 293 277 234 229 14 13

39 Rural 364 53 18 60 3 51 0 59 50

40 Rural 264 75 24 52 2 48 2 23 69

41 Rural 862 49 6 250 138 219 123 27 116

42 Rural 452 70 14 133 62 95 40 10 75

43 Rural 373 42 8 93 104 78 76 0 0

44 Rural 2329 323 91 542 205 362 114 137 308



45 Rural 148 5 0 38 27 37 27 7 18

46 Rural 34 10 1 9 0 9 0 5 8

47 Rural 88 2 0 0 27 0 0 23 0

48 Rural 324 60 19 87 5 84 5 0 1

49 Rural 268 38 14 78 2 77 2 0 4

50 Rural 61 2 3 13 14 13 14 7 3

51 Rural 130 19 6 29 8 27 5 15 38

52 Rural 473 77 23 124 120 70 63 14 13

53 Rural 148 25 10 36 6 29 1 0 12

54 Rural 267 25 4 56 4 54 3 5 57

55 Rural 272 44 25 77 76 69 70 0 1

56 Rural 166 59 2 47 31 37 25 0 0

57 Rural 263 2 2 3 80 1 0 87 1

58 Rural 799 130 77 224 158 155 125 2 2

59 Rural 247 16 3 73 59 67 55 0 0



60 Rural 622 105 12 149 105 66 50 35 55

61 Rural 241 37 19 57 3 35 0 10 23

62 Rural 350 65 29 104 109 93 100 0 0

63 Rural 429 76 21 113 107 88 90 0 0

64 Rural 413 61 14 103 7 90 4 1 94

65 Rural 594 75 29 182 114 160 98 6 53

66 Rural 144 41 19 26 25 26 24 9 9

67 Rural 803 38 6 208 185 113 92 13 31

68 Rural 512 98 61 124 85 98 69 22 74

69 Rural 723 109 28 216 17 175 10 4 198

70 Rural 94 8 1 25 10 22 10 1 20

71 Rural 982 115 43 265 3 168 0 3 20

72 Rural 1861 895 482 646 94 66 55 19 11

73 Rural 1194 278 78 293 15 96 2 62 126

74 Rural 56 9 2 11 0 11 0 0 0



75 Rural 275 31 9 72 12 45 0 2 2

76 Rural 193 56 23 45 4 6 0 1 0

77 Rural 383 14 3 102 2 86 2 8 95

78 Rural 180 25 7 36 5 12 1 7 3

79 Rural 293 67 49 65 1 61 0 0 0

80 Rural 371 75 28 103 44 101 42 2 32

81 Rural 299 18 9 34 7 34 5 54 61

82 Rural 296 35 1 80 4 0 0 0 63

83 Rural 614 62 41 98 18 0 0 76 161

84 Rural 736 42 30 138 84 94 36 50 40

85 Rural 1439 85 24 301 192 21 4 51 228

86 Rural 477 90 47 106 2 93 0 15 97

87 Rural 364 47 28 69 75 68 75 37 39

88 Rural 339 60 50 92 87 25 13 4 4

89 Rural 372 40 30 59 26 37 3 34 66



90 Rural 396 74 30 115 123 67 56 4 11

91 Rural 277 15 6 70 3 68 2 3 74

92 Rural 316 25 7 64 2 5 0 14 18

93 Rural 462 55 19 102 0 23 0 0 0

94 Rural 267 32 8 70 5 10 0 2 1

95 Rural 430 45 17 82 3 69 0 45 76

96 Rural 379 29 7 118 13 118 12 5 106

97 Rural 691 177 68 115 3 82 1 107 212

98 Rural 830 170 86 236 9 163 4 10 224

99 Rural 588 63 26 175 8 119 4 2 56

100 Rural 1203 250 121 306 198 191 144 36 72

101 Rural 69 6 2 18 20 7 8 1 2

102 Rural 103 10 5 31 5 31 5 0 18

103 Rural 50 9 1 11 0 11 0 0 0

104 Rural 101 5 0 22 6 18 6 5 28



105 Rural 124 12 2 35 20 31 19 14 26

106 Rural 86 4 3 17 2 16 2 6 17

107 Rural 261 54 23 68 9 65 8 8 67

108 Rural 1141 361 207 276 79 109 71 81 159

109 Rural 135 7 1 41 42 33 33 0 4

110 Rural 146 16 8 50 43 50 43 0 1

111 Rural 520 105 44 157 126 136 112 1 0

112 Rural 195 44 13 47 7 33 2 0 8

113 Rural 288 105 62 61 21 15 1 30 48

114 Rural 438 126 74 121 95 101 76 28 33

115 Rural 438 0 0 78 37 41 36 21 15

116 Rural 78 31 2 502 258 244 319 172 147

117 Rural 535 10 0 308 160 148 201 108 93

118 Rural 318 1 0 49 21 28 22 10 12

119 Rural 50 2 2 162 84 78 46 32 14



120 Rural 166 2 0 159 77 82 44 37 7

121 Rural 161 1 0 142 74 68 57 47 10

122 Rural 143 242 82 1042 436 606 802 423 379

123 Rural 1366 51 19 290 145 145 208 118 90

124 Rural 360 118 52 257 117 140 206 103 103

125 Rural 427 0 0 78 37 41 36 21 15

central institute of mining research,...

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