central nervous system brain dominance right brain –non-verbal –concrete –holistic (big pic)...
TRANSCRIPT
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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Brain Dominance
• Right Brain– non-verbal
– Concrete
– Holistic (big pic)
– Intuitive
– spontaneous
• Left Brain– Logical
– Language
– Verbal
– Sequential/linear (Math)
– Abstract…math/science
– Planner
http://www.web-us.com/BRAIN/braindominance.htm
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Objectives
• To learn protective parts/features of CNS
• To learn structure and function of the Spinal Cord
• To understand the brain structure and function as well as development.
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Protection of the CNSProtection of the CNS
• Bones
• Meninges
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Protection of the CNSProtection of the CNS
• The brain & spinal cord are protected by bones, membranes, and fluid
A. BonesBones
–*8 skull bones encase the brain
–*30 vertebrae encase the spinal cord
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Can you name the bones?
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– B.) Meninges Meninges - Membranes surrounding CNS
• 3 Layers encasing the brain
–a.) Dura mater
»outermost membrane: attached to periosteum of the skull
»contains many blood vessels & nerves
»tough, white fibrous connective tissue
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–b.) Arachnoid Mater
»middle layer
»thin net-like membrane
»No blood vessels
»Sub-arachnoid space lies deep to this layer and is filled with CSF which serves as a cushion for brain
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–c.) Pia Mater
»inner layer that clings to brain surface
»very thin delicate connective tissue
»many nerves & blood vessels = nourishment
»dips into grooves and contours inner layer that clings to brain surface
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Meningitis
• What does the word Mean?• Caused by:
– Bacteria or virus
• Affects:– Mainly arachnoid and pia maters– Younger or older generations– People with suppressed immune systems
• Complications of disease:– Loss of vision, hearing paralysis, mental
retardation…death
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C. Ventricles – Interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres
and brain stem
– Continuous with central canal of spinal cord
– Filled with CSF cerebral spinal fluid
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– D. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)– Secreted by Choroid Plexus
– Circulation: Ventricles 1&2 --> 3rd --> 4th --> central canal --> reabsorbed into bloodstream
– Approx. 1 liter is secreted daily: Secreted and reabsorbed continuously
– Functions: cushion & circulation of nutrients/wastes
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The BrainStructures and Functions
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Brain Lobes
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Forebrainprosencepahlon
• Includes hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebrum
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Midbrainmesencephalon
• Connects cerebrum to spinal cord
• Reflex center for eye and some head movements
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Hindbrainrhombencephalon
• Cerebellum
• Medulla oblongata
• Pons
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Cerebrum• Largest part of brain
• Contains many folds and bumbs– Sulci vs. gyri
• Corpus callosum is found b/t the L and R
• Responsible for reasoning, intellectual fxn and critical thinking
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Brain Dominance
• Right Brain– non-verbal
– Concrete
– Holistic (big pic)
– Intuitive
– spontaneous
• Left Brain– Verbal
– Sequential/linear
– Abstract…math/science
– Logical
– Planner
http://www.web-us.com/BRAIN/braindominance.htm
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Cerebral Cortex
• Thin layer (2-5mm); largest and most anterior structure of brain
• Contains 75% of neuron cell bodies in NS
• Memory, attn, thought processes, language
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cerebellum
• Regulates balance
• body position
• Posture
• Muscle coordination
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Medulla oblongata
• Vital Reflex center
– Visceral activities:
– blood pressure, respiratory
– cardiac
• Part of the brain stem
• Injuries often fatal
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Corpus callosum• Deep bridge of
nerve fibers• Connects L and R
brain• Intercommunication
b/t hemispheres is not completely understood
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Optic chiasma
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Limbic System
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Limbic
• Includes the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala
• Important in emotions and formation of memories
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Limbic
• Hypothalamus• Part of diencephalon• Secretes hormones
– Dopamine, oxytocin, growth hormones
• Regulates body temp, heart rate, hunger/weight, alertness
• Center involved with emotion
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Thalamus• Part of diencephalon• Motor control• Receives visual and
auditory senses
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Pineal gland
• Produces melatonin; controls circadian rhythm
• Size of a pea; 8mm
• Think about it…– Stimulated by dark
– Inhibited by light
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c
Pineal body
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Pituitary gland
• Endocrine gland; secretes hormones
• Examples– growth hormones;
– regulate breast milk production; sexual hormones
– possibly blood pressure
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Pons
• b/t midbrain and medulla oblongata
• Regulates rate and depth of breathing
• Homeostatic mechanisms
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Mammillary body
• Named for resemblance of 2 breast
• Associated with memory
• Damaged by alcoholic intoxication
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Hippocampus
• Part of limbic system• Emotions, inhibition
• Long term memory• Alzheimer’s disease
– First to be damaged
If damaged, what do you predict would be the results?
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Reticular formation
• Brainstem and diencephalon
• Alertness, arousal, sensory integration, motivation
• connects to areas in the thalamus, hypothalamus, cortex and cerebellum
http://www.web-us.com/BRAIN/braindominance.htm