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ECE-1

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT

ODISHA-761211, INDIA,

Web Site: -www.cutm.ac.in

B.TechProgramme in Engineering & Technology – New Regulation

(2012 – 13 Admitted Batch onwards)

Branch: Electronics & Communication Engineering

http://www.cutm.ac.in/

ECE-2

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY &MANAGEMENT:ODISHA

B.TECH PROGRAMME IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY –New Regulations

ELECTRONICS & COMUNICATION ENGINEERING:: B.TECH IV YEAR

7th Semester 8th Semester

Theory Theory

Code Subject L-T-P Credits Code Subject L-T-P Credits

PCEC 4101 Microwave and Radar

Engineering 3-1-0 4 PCEC4201

Satellite and Optical

Communication 3-1-0 4

Professional Elective-I 2-0-2 4 Professional Elective-III 2-0-2 4

Professional Elective-II 2-0-2 4 Professional Elective-IV 2-0-2 4

Free Elective - III 3-1-0 4 Free Elective - IV 3-1-0 4

Total Theory 10-2-4 16 Total Theory 10-2-4 16

Practical/Sessional Practical/Sessional

Code Subject L-T-P Credits Code Subject L-T-P Credits

PLEC 4111 Antenna and

Microwave Lab 0-0-3 2

PLEC

4211 Project -3 0-0-6 4

PLEC 4112 Seminar 0-0-3 2

PLEC 4113 Project-2 0-0-6 4

Life skill Development 0-0-2 Life skill Development 0-0-2

Total Practical/Sessional 0-0-14 8 Total Practical/Sessional 0-0-8 4

TOTAL SEMESTER CREDITS 24 TOTAL SEMESTER CREDITS 20

TOTAL CUMULATIVE CREDITS 190 TOTAL CUMULATIVE CREDITS 210

Total Contact Hours. 30 Total Contact Hours. 24

Professional Electives

Professional Elective - I Professional Elective - II Professional Elective - III Professional Elective - IV

PEEC 4102 Digital image

and Speech Processing

PEEC 4106 Network

Security & Cryptography

PEEC 4202 Soft Computing PEEC 4206 Mobile

Communication

PEEC 4103 Adaptive

Signal processi3g

PEEC 4107 Wireless

Sensor Networks

PEEC 4203 Digital Switching

Theory & Networks

PEEC 4207 MEMS and

Microelectronics Systems

PEEC 4104 Statistical

Signal Processing

PEEC 4108 Information

Theory and Coding

PEEC 4204 TVEngg PEEC 4208 Optical

Networks

PEEC 4105 Pulse and

Digital Circuit

PEEC 4109 Architecture

Design of ICs

PEEC 4205 Robotics& Robot

Application

PEEC 4209 Analog VLSI

Design

FREE ELECTIVES

(Offered by ECE Department)

Odd Semesters (5th& 7th Semesters) Even Semesters (6th& 8th Semesters)

Free Elective - I (5thSem) Free Elective - III (7thSem) Free Elective - II (6thSem) Free Elective - IV (8thSem)

FEEC 3101 Signals and

Systems

FEEC 4101 Analog

Communication

FEEC 3201

Microprocessors

FEEC 4201 Mobile

Communication

ECE-3

7th Semester

PCEC 4101 MICROWAVE AND RADAR ENGINEERING(3-1-0) CREDITS:4

Module - I (17 Hrs)

Transmission lines: The Lumped -Element Circuit model for a Transmission line. Wave propagation. Field

Analysis of two wire & Co-ax Transmission Lines. Terminated transmission line. Reflection coefficient,

scattering matrix, Transmission line problems ,Single Stub and Double Stub matching ,problems using Smith

Chart.

Rectangular and Cylindrical waveguide: Design & analysis to support various modes. Field solution for TE

and TM modes, Field patterns of power flow through waveguide. Attenuation due to conductor and dielectric

losses

Module - II (17 Hrs)

Power Dividers and Couplers: Basic Properties, T -Junction Power Divider, Wilkinson Power divider,

Waveguide Directional Couplers, Ferrite Isolator. Rectangular Cavities Resonator, Resonant frequencies of

Cavity Supporting dominant mode only, Dielectric resonator. Strip line and micro strip.

Klystron and Reflex Klystron: klystron: construction and operation only

Reflex klystron: Principle of Operation, Velocity Modulation, Output Power and Efficiency

Multicavity Magnetron: Principle of Operation, Rotating Field ,Π-Mode of Operation, Frequency of Oscillation,

Output Power and Efficiency. TWT - Principle of Operation as an amplifier

Module - III (15 Hrs)

Microwave Transistors: Physical structure, principles operation, applications of microwave bipolar transistor

and HBT.Operation and characteristic of Tunnel diode.Gunn Oscillator Principle and performance.Microwave

hazards.

Introduction to Radar: Basic radar, radar block diagram, radar frequencies & applications, Radar Indicators.

RADAR Equation: Detection of signal in noise, receiver noise and SNR, probability of detection and false

alarm, integration of radar pulses, radar cross section of targets, PRF, system losses.

MTI RADAR: Introduction, delay line cancellers, Doppler filter banks, limitation of MTI, Staggered PRF,

Pulse Doppler radar, Tacking by radar

Text Books:

1. Microwave Engineering by D. M. Pozor, 2nd Edition, John Willy & Sons.

2. Microwave Device and Circuit, 3rd Edition, Sammuel Y, Liao, Perason 72

3. Introduction to RADAR systems by Merrill I. Skolnik, 3rd edition, Tata McGraw Hill.

Reference Book:

1. Principles of Microwave Engineering, Reich, Oudong and Others.

2. Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics, 6th Edition, N. N. Rao, Pearson Education,

3. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems, 2nd Edition, E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balman, Pearson

Education, New Delhi.

4. Engineering Electromagnetics, 7th Edition, William H. Hayt, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd.,

New Delhi

5. RADAR Principles, Technology, Application by Byron Edde, 1st edition, Pearson, 2004.

6. Understanding RADAR system by Simon Kingsley, Shaun Quegan, Standard publication

ECE-4

PLEC 4111ANTENNA AND MICROWAVE LAB(0-0-3) CREDITS:2

1. Introduction to microwave bench and components, Observe different signals output of the microwave

bench with GUNN oscillator and measure the frequency with frequency meter.

2. Radiation pattern, polarization, wavelength and frequency measurement of horn antenna by

microwave bench.

3. Measurement of wavelength, VSWR, reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient using a slotted

co-axial transmission line and a microwave generator

4. Study the characteristics of reflex klystron :

o to obtain the reflex klystron output and frequency characteristics

o to find mode number

o to find transit time

o to find electron tuning range

o to find electronic tuning sensitivity

5. Study the characteristics of scattering parameters of circulator ,isolator, attenuator & directional coupler

6. Power division and coupling measurement

o H-plane

o E-plane

o Magic tee junctions

7. To study polar and Cartesian plots of

o Dipole l/2

o Folded dipole l/2

o YAGI 5 elements

o Loop square l/4

o Vertical l/4

8. Measurement of unknown impedance and dielectric constant.

9. Design of patch antenna and array antenna using MATLAB , ADS& HFSS.

10. Write a program to design and plot radiation pattern of Monopole antenna and Dipole

Antenna, using MATLAB and

11. (A)To write a program to plot 3-D pattern of Rectangular Apertures as a function of the

independent variables Vx, Vy, for aperture dimensions a = 8λ and b = 4λ using MATLAB.

(B) To write a program to plot 3-D pattern of Circular Aperture as a function of the

independent variables Vx = (a/λ) sinθcosφ and Vy = (a/λ)sinθsinφ, for an aperture radius of

a = 3λ using MATLAB.

12. To generate standing Wave of lossy and lossless line using MATLAB.

13. To study characteristics of E and H-plane tee using MATLAB.

14. MATLAB Simulink model on Radar tracking system using kalman filtering.

15. Embedded MATLAB Simulink model on Radar tracking system using extended kalman

filtering.

ECE-5

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE-I (2-0-2)CREDITS:4

PEEC 4102 DIGITAL IMAGE & SPEECH PROCESING (2-0-2)CREDITS:4

Module - I (14 Hrs)

Introduction: Digital Image fundamentals: Image sampling and quantization, relationship between pixels.

Intensity transformations and spatial filtering:- some basic intensity transformation functions, Histogram

processing, spatial filters for smoothing and sharpening

(Text Book 1, Chapter 2 & 3)

Filtering in the Frequency Domain: preliminary concepts, 2D DFT and its properties, basic filtering in the

frequency domain, image smoothing and sharpening

(Text Book 1, Chapter 4)


Image Restoration and Reconstruction: Image restoration/degradation model, noise models, restoration in the

presence of noise only, Homomorphic Filtering.


Color Image Processing: color models, Color transformation.


Image Compression: Fundamentals, Some basic compression methods.


Morphological Image Processing: Erosion and Dilation, opening and closing



The Fundamentals of Digital Speech processing: A Review of Discrete-Time Signal & Systems,

Transform Representation of Signal & System: Z-transform, the DFT, Fundamental of Digital Filters:

FIR system, IIR Systems,


Time – Domain Methods for Speech Processing: Time – Dependent Processing of speech, short-time

energy and Average Magnitude, Short time Average Zero-Crossing Rate.


Digital Representation of speech Waveform.

Sampling speech signals, Statistical Model, Instantaneous quantization: Instantaneous companding,

Quantization for optimum SNR, Adaptive Quantization: Feed-Forward and Feedback adaptations.


Linear Predictive Coding of Speech

Block diagram of Simplified Model for Speech Production, Basic Principles of Linear Predictive Analysis :

The Auto Correlation Method. The Prediction Error Signal.


Digital Speech Processing for Man-Machine Communication by voice: Introduction to speech verification

and speaker identification.


Text Books:

1. Digital Image Processing by R.C. Gonzalez, R.E. Woods, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education

2. Digital Processing of Speech Signals by L. R Rabinu and R. W Schafer , Pearson Education, Selected

portions from Ch. 1,2,4,5,8 & 9.

3. Digital Image Processing using Matlab by R C Gonzalez, Woods and Eddins, , 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw

Hill

ECE-6

Reference Books: 1. Digital Image Processing by S.Sridhar, Oxford University Press, 2011

2. Fundamentals of Speech Recognition, by L. Rabiner and Biing- Hwang Juang Pearson Education.

3. Speech Communications, by Douglas O’ Shaughessy, , 2nd Edition, University Press.

PEEC4103 ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING(2-0-2) CREDITS:4

Module - I (14 Hrs)

Introduction: Adaptive Systems – Definition and characteristics, General properties, Open and Closed Loop

Adaptations, Applications

The Adaptive Linear Combiner: Performance function, Gradient and Mean Square Error, Examples.


Theory of Adaptation with Stationary Signals: Properties of the Quadratic Performance Surface, Significance

of eigen values, eigen vectors, coorelation matrix.

Searching the Proformance Surface: A simple gradient search algorithm, Stability and Rate of convergence,

the learning curve

Gradient Estimation and its effects on Adoption: The performance penalty, Variance of the gradient

estimate, Misadjustment.


Adaptive Algorithms and Structures: The LMS Algorithm, Convergence, learning Curve, Performanece

analysis, Filtered X LMS algorithm,

Applications: Adaptive Modeling and System Identification using adaptive filter, Inverse Adaptive Modeling,

Deconvolution, and equalization using adaptive filter, Adaptive Control Systems using Filtered X LMS

Algorithm, Adaptive Noise Cancellation using Adaptive filter

Text Books : 1. Bernard Widrow and Samuel D. Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing, Pearson Education, 2nd

impression 2009.

Reference Book: 1. Simon Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, 4th Edn., Pearson Education.

PEEC4104 STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING(2-0-2) CREDITS:4

Module -II(16 Hrs)

Estimating in Signal Processing, Mathematical Estimation Problem, Assessing Estimator Performance,

Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimation: Unbiased Estimators, Minimum Variance Criterion, Existence of the

Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator, Finding the Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator, Cramer Rao

Lower Bound, Estimator Accuracy

considerations,


Maximum Likelihood Estimation: Introduction, Finding the MLE, Properties of the MLE, MLE for transformed

parameters, Numerical Determination of the MLE, Asymptotic MLE,Signal Processing Examples, Least

Squares Estimation: Introduction, Least Squares Approach, Linear Least Squares, Geometrical Interpretations,

Order Recursive Least Squares,Signal Processing Examples.


ECE-7

Bayesian Estimation: Introduction, Prior Knowledge and Estimation, Choosing a prior PDF, Properties of the

Gaussian PDF, Bayesian Linear Model, Nuisance Parameters, Bayesian Estimation for Deterministic

Parameters, Derivation of Conditional Gaussian PDF. Statistical Decision Theory: Neyman - Pearson Theorem,

Receiver Operating Characteristics, Irrelevant Data, Minimum Probability of Error, Bayes Risk, Multiple

Hypothesis Testing -Composite Hypothesis Testing, Composite Hypothesis Testing Approaches, Performance

of GLRT, Multiple Hypothesis Testing.

Text Book: 1. Steven M. Kay, “Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing Volume I Estimation

Theory”, Prentice Hall PTR, 1993.

2. Steven M. Kay, “Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing Volume II Detection

Theory”, Prentice Hall PTR, 1998.

Reference Book: 1. Monson H. Hayes, “Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling”, Wiley, 1996

PEEC 4105 PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS (2-0-2) CREDITS:4

Module-1 (15 Hours)

Multivibrators: Bistable Multivibrator,A fixed-bias Bistable Multivibrator,A Self-biased transistor

binary,commutatingcapacitors,commutatingCapacitors.A Non-Saturating Binary: Triggering the

binary,Triggering Unsymmetrical through a Unilateral Device(diode),triggering symmetrically through a

Unilateral Device(Diode).The Emitter-Coupled Monostable Multivibrator, the Emitter-Coupled Astable

Multivibrator

Wideband amplifiers: Wideband amplifiers: The Hybrid-π, High-frequency, Small-signal, Common-emitter

Model, RC-Coupled Amplifier,Frequency Response of a Transistor Stage-The Short-Circuit Current Gain,

Current Gain with Resistive Load, Transistor Amplifier Response taking Source Impedance into Account,

Transient Response of a Transistor Stage, Cascaded CE Transistor Stages, Rise-time Response of Cascaded

Stages, Shunt Compensation of a Transistor Stage in a Cascade, Rise Time of Cascaded Compensated Stages,

Low frequency Compensation.

Module-2( 15 Hours)

Time base generators: General Features of a Time-Base signal, Methods of Generating a time-Base Wave

Waveform. Exponential Sweep Circuit, Unijunction Transistor,Sweep circuit using UJT and a transistor switch.

A transistor constant-current sweep.Miller and Bootstrap time-base generators-basic principles

Logic families:Digital IC specification terminology,logicfamilies,TTL(Transistor Transistor Logic) :Two-input

TTL NAND gate,Totem-pole output,open-collector gates,tri-state TTL,Schottky TTL.IIL or I2 L(Integrated

Injection Logic): I2 L inverter, I2 L NAND gate, I2 L NOR gate.ECL( Emitter-Coupled Logic): ECL OR/NOR

gate.MOS logic, CMOS logic,Dynamic MOS logic.

Module-3(15 Hours)

Blocking oscillators: Monostable Blocking Oscillator(Base Timing), Monostable Blocking

Oscillator(EmitterTiming),Astable Blocking Oscilltor(Diode Controlled), Astable Blocking Oscilltor(RC

Controlled),application of blocking oscillators.

Specialized IC Applications: IC 555 Timer: IC 555 Timer as a Monostable Multivibrator and its applications,

IC 555 Timer as Astable Multivibrator and its applications. Phase Locked Loop: Operating principle of PLL,

Phase detectors, Exclusive-OR phase detector, Monolithic phase detector, Instrumentation Amplifier and its

applications.

Text Books:

ECE-8

1) Pulse and Digital Circuits by A. Anand Kumar, PHI

2) Pulse, Digital and switching Waveforms, Second Edition - Jacob Millman, Herbert Taub and

Mothiki S Prakash Rao (TMH Publication)

Reference Books :

1)Pulse & Digital Circuits by K.Venkata Rao, K Rama Sudha& G Manmadha Rao, Pearson

Education, 2010. (Selected portions)

2)OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits - Robert F. Coughlin, Frederick F. Driscoll (Pearson Education

Publication).

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE-II (2-0-2) CREDITS:4

PEEC 4106 NETWORK SECURITY & CRYPTOGRAPHY(2-0-2) CREDITS:4

MODULE 1- (12 Hours)

Introduction To the Concepts of Security

Introduction, The Need for Security, Security Approaches, Principles of Security, Types of Attacks.

(Text Book-1, Chapter 1)

Cryptographic Techniques:

Introduction, Plain Text and Cipher Text, Substitution Techniques, Transposition, Techniques, Encryption and

Decryption, Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Cryptography, Steganography, Key Range and Key Size, Possible

Types of Attacks.



Computer Based Symmetric Key Cryptographic Algorithms:

Introduction, Algorithm Types and modes, An Overview of Symmetric Key Cryptography, Data Encryption

Standard (DES), International Data Encryption Algorithm (DEA), RC5, Blowfish, Advanced Encryption,

Standard (AEC), Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis.


Computer Based Asymmetric Key Cryptographic Algorithms:

Introduction, Brief history of Asymmetric Key Cryptography, An Overview of Asymmetric Key Cryptography,

the RSA Algorithm, Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Cryptography Together, Digital Signatures, Knapsack

Algorithm, Some other Algorithms.


Public Key Infrastructure :

Introduction, Digital Certificates ,Private Key Management, the PKIX, Public Key Cryptography Standards

(PKCS) XML, PKI and Security.



Internet Security Protocols:

Basic Concepts, Secure Socket Layer (SSL), Secure Hyper Text Transfer, protocols (SHTTP), Time, Stamping

Protocol (TSP), Secure Electronic Transaction (SET), SSL versus SET, 3-D Secure Protocol, Electronic money

Email Security, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), Security in GSM.


User Authentication Mechanisms:

Introduction, Authentication Basics, Passwords, Authentication Tokens, Certificate-based Authentication,

Biometric Authentication, Kerberos, Single Sign On (SSO) Approaches.


Practical Implementations Of Cryptography/Security:

ECE-9

Cryptographic Solutions Using Java, Cryptographic Solutions Using Microsoft, Cryptographic Toolkits,

Security, and Operating Systems.


Network Security:

Brief Introduction to TCP/IP, Firewalls, IP Security, Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

Text Book:

1. Cryptography and Network Security by A. Kahate, PHI Publication

2. Cryptography and Network Security by William Stallings, 4th Edition, Pearson Education.

Reference Book

1. Cryprography and Network Security by B A Forouzan, D Mukhopadhyay,2nd Edition TMH Publiation.

PEEC 4107 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS(2-0-2) CREDITS:4

Unit I (8Hrs)

Sensor Network Concept: Introduction, Networked wireless sensor devices, Advantages of

Sensor networks, Applications, Key design challenges.

Network deployment: Structured versus randomized deployment, Network topology,

Connectivity, Connectivity using power control, Coverage metrics, Mobile deployment.

Unit II (8Hrs)

Localization and Tracking: Issues and approaches, Problem formulations: Sensing model,

collaborative localization. Coarse-grained and Fine-grained node localization. Tracking

multiple objects: State space decomposition.

Synchronization: Issues and Traditional approaches, Fine-grained clock synchronization,

and Coarse-grained data synchronization.

Unit III (14Hrs)

Wireless Communications: Link quality, shadowing and fading effects

Medium-access and sleep scheduling: Traditional MAC protocols, Energy efficiency in

MAC protocols, Asynchronous sleep techniques, Sleep-scheduled techniques, and

Contention-free protocols.

Routing: Metric-based approaches, Multi-path routing, Lifetime-maximizing energy-aware

routing techniques, Geographic routing.

Sensor network Databases: Data-centric routing, Data-gathering with compression,

Querying, Data-centric storage and retrieval, the database perspective on sensor

networks.

Security: Privacy issues, Attacks and countermeasures.

Text Books:

1. Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach- by Feng Zhao,

Leonidas Guibas , Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking 2004.

References Books:

1. Networking Wireless Sensors: BhaskarKrismachari, Cambridge University Press

2. Wireless Sensor Networks: Edited by C.S Raghavendra, Krishna M, Sivalingam, Taieb

Znati , Springer.

3. Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Applications: KazemSohraby,

Daniel Minoli, TaiebZnati , Wiley Inter Science.

PEEC 4108 INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING(2-0-2)CREDITS:4

Module-1 (18 Hours)

ECE-10

Information Theory Introduction to information theory, uncertainty and information, average mutual information and entropy, ,

information measures , source coding theorem, Huffman Coding, Shannon fano Coding, Shannon fanoELias

Coding ,run length encoding,Lempel -ziv coding, rate distortion function, JPEG and MPEG standards in image

compression .

Module-2 (18 Hours)

Channel Coding Channel models, channel capacity, information capacity theorem, the Shannon limit., Types of Error Control,

Linear Block Codes, Error Detecting and Correcting Capability, Usefulness of the Standard Array, Cyclic Code,

Fire Codes, Golay Codes, CRC Codes, Well Known Block Codes.

Convolution Encoding, Convolution Encoder Representation, Formulation of the Convolution Decoding

Problem, Properties of Convolution Codes, Other Convolution Decoding Algorithms, Reed Solomon Codes,

Interleaving and Concatenated Codes, Coding and Interleaving Applied to the Compact Disc, Digital Audio

Systems, Turbo Codes.

Module-3 (12Hours)

Modulation and Coding Tradeoffs: Goals of the Communications System Designer, Error Probability Plane, Nyquist Minimum Bandwidth,

Shannon-Hartley Capacity Theorem, Bandwidth Efficiency Plane, Modulation and Coding Trade-offs,

Defining, Designing, and Evaluating Digital Communication Systems, Bandwidth Efficient modulation,

Modulation and Coding for Band limited Channels.

Source Coding: Sources, source Coding for Digital Data, Examples of Source Coding.

Text Books: (1) Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography, by Ranjan Bose, 2nd Edition , TMH Publication, 2nd

reprint, 2008.

(2) Digital Communications – Fundamentals and applications, by Bernard sklar, 2nd Edition, Pearson education

Publication, 2009.

References: (3) Digital Communications, J. G. Proakis, 3rd edition, Mc Graw Hill Publication.

(4) Information Theory and coding, by Norman Abramson, Mc Graw Hill Publication

PEEC 4109 Architecture Design of ICs (2-0-2) CREDITS:4

Module-1(16 lect)

Behavior and Architecture: Dedicated and Programmable VLSI architectures,

Instruction sets and through enhancement techniques (Parallelism. pipelining. cache, etc.)

CISC Architecture Concepts: Typical CISC instruction set and its VLSI implementation,

RTlevel optimization through hardware flow charting, Design of the execution unit, Design of the

control part (micro programmed and hardwired).

Module-2(14 lect)

RISC Architecture concepts: Typical RISC instruction set and its VLSI implementation,

Execution pipeline, Benefits and problems of pipelined execution, Hazards of various types

of pipeline stalling, Introduction to concepts of scheduling (Static and dynamic).

Module-3(12 lect)

DSP architecture concepts: Typical DSP instruction set and its VLSI implementation, Addressing modes for

DSP processor, Pipelining, Pipelining Hazards.

Future Trends.

Text Books:

1. Computer Organization:CarlHamacher, Zvonkovranesic, SafwatZaky,McGraw Hill,5th Ed

2. Computer Organization and Design Hardware/ Software Interface: David A. Patterson, John L.

Hennessy, Elsevier, 4th Edition.

Reference Book :

1. Computer Architecture and Organization: William Stallings, Pearson Education.

2. Computer Architecture and Organizations, Design principles and Application: B. GovindaRajalu,

Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing company Ltd.

8th Semester

ECE-11

PCEC-4201 SATELLITE AND OPTICAL COMMUNICATION (3-1-0)CREDITS:4

Module-I( 17 hours)

Orbital Mechanics: Determination of Orbital Parameters, look angle of a geostationary Satellite from Earth.

Launches and Launch Vehicle.Placing Satellite into Geo-stationary Orbit.

Satellite Subsystems: A brief Description of AOCS, TTC & M and Power System.Description of

Communication System –Transponders.

Satellite Antennas: Basic Antennas Types and Relationship; Global Beam Antenna, Satellite Antennas in

Practice. Equipment Reliability & Space qualification.Redundancy.

Multiple Access : Comprehensive study on FDMA, TDMA and CDMA.

Satellite Link Design : Basic Transmission Theory , System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio; G/T Ratio for

Earth Station. Design of Down Link. Up link Design.Satellite Communication Link Design Procedure. System

Design Example –Ku Band

Propagation Effects and Their Impact on Satellite: Earth Links: Attenuation, Depolarization,

Ionospheric&Troposhric effects. Prediction of Rain Attenuation.

Module-II(17 Hours)

Optical Communication System:

Major Elements of an optical fiber communication link.Optical fiber attenuation as a function of wavelength.

Optical fiber: Refractive index profile of step Index and Graded Index Fibers. light ray propagation through

Optical fiber. Total Internal Reflection. Numerical Aperture, Modal Concept. V number.Electromagnetic

Theory of wave Propagation through step index fiber Mode Theory for Circular waveguide.Wave Equator Step

Index fiber. Modes in step index fiber. Power flow in step index fiber.Graded index fiber structure. Mono mode

fiber

Fiber Materials: Fiber Fabrication : Double –Crucible Method. Cabling of Optical Fibers.

Signal Degradation in Optical Fiber:

Attenuation: Factors contributing to losses. Signal Distortion –Inter-and Intra Modal, Chromatic, Wave

guide and Polarization Dispersions. Pulse Broadening in SI & GI fibers. Km -

Bandwidth Concept.

Module –III (15hours)

Optical Sources : LED, Typical GaAlAs p-n junction double heterostructure, Typical Spectral pattern,

Modulation of an LED. Laser diodes: Principle of Operation. Typical Constructional features Radiation Pattern.

Modulation of Laser diode , Typical Manufactures’ specifications of LED & LASER. Power Lunching

&Coupling : Source to fiber power launching , Coupling Power Calculation. Lensing Scheme for improvement

of coupling.Fiber-to-fiber Connectors Connector loss. Techniques of Splicing .Splicing loss. Photo Detectors :

p-n , PIN and APD Photo detectors, Responsively and Bandwidth of diodes. Noise in PDs. Equivalent

Circuits.SNR.

Optical Receiver :

Receiver Configuration Sensitivity and Bandwidth of Receiver Bit Error Rate.Trans Impendence Preamplifier.

Design of Fiber Optic link : Time Budget and Power Budget . Optical Amplifier.WDM : Principle & Practice.

TEXT BOOKS:

1)Satellite Communication by T. Pratt, C. Bostian and J. Allnutt. 2nd Edition ,Joihn Wiley Co.

Selected Portion from Chapters 2,3,4,6,8,9 and 11.

2) Digital Communication with Satellite and Fiberoptic Application, HarlodKolimbins, PHI

3) Optical Fiber Communications by G. Keiser. 3rd Edition Mc Graw Hill Book Co.

4) Fiber Optic Communications Technology by D. K. Mynbaev& Lowell L. Scheiner –Pearson Education.

Reference Books:

1. Optical fibers and Fiber Optic communication systems by Subir Kumar Sarkar , Publication : S. Chand & Co.

2. Fiber Optic communications By Joseph C. Palais 4th Edition , Pearson Publication Asia.

3. Satellite Communication by Robert M. Gagliardi, CBS Publishers

ECE-12

4. Advanced Electric Communication System by Wayne Tomani, 6th Edition , Pearson Education.

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE-III (2-0-2) CREDITS:4

PEEC4202 SOFT COMPUTING (2-0-2) CREDITS:4

Module - I (12 Hrs.)

Introduction to Soft Computing, Artificial Neural Network(ANN) : Fundamentals of ANN, Basic Models of an

artificial Neuron, Neural Network Architecture, Learning methods, Terminologies of ANN, Hebb network,

Supervised Learning Networks: Perceptron, MLP, Architecture of a Back propagation Network : back

propagation, Learning Effect of Tunning parameters of the Back propagation, Adaline, Madaline, RBF

Network, Associative memory: Auto, hetero and linear associative memory, network, Adaptive Resonance

Theory

ART1, ART2, Applications

Module –II (12 Hrs)

FUZZY LOGIC

Fuzzy set theory: crisp sets, fuzzy sets, crisp relations, fuzzy relations, Fuzzy Systems: Crisp logic predicate

logic, fuzzy logic, fuzzy Rule based system, Defuzzification Methods, Fuzzy rule based reasoning

GENETIC ALGORITHMS

Fundamentals of genetic algorithms: Encoding, Fitness functions, Reproduction. Genetic Modeling :

Cross cover, Inversion and deletion, Mutation operator, Bit-wise operators, Bitwise operators used in GA.

Convergence of Genetic algorithm. Applications , Real life Problems.

Module – III (6 Hrs.)

Hybrid Soft Computing Techniques Hybrid system, neural Networks, fuzzy logic and Genetic algorithms

hybrids. Genetic Algorithm based Back propagation Networks: GA based weight determination applications:

Fuzzy logic controlled genetic Algorithms soft computing tools, PSO ,Applications.

Text Book :

Principles of Soft Computing- S.N.Sivanandan and S.N.Deepa, Wiley India, 2nd

Edition,2011

Reference Book :

1. Neuro Fuzzy and Soft Computing, J. S. R. JANG,C.T. Sun, E. Mitzutani, PHI

2. Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, and Genetic Algorithm (synthesis and Application) S.Rajasekaran, G.A.

VijayalakshmiPai, PHI

PEEC 4203 DIGITAL SWITCHING THEORY & NETWORKS (2-0-2) CREDITS:4

Module-1

Introduction

Evolution of Telecommunication system , Classification of switching System, Basic elements of

Telecommunication, Telecommunication network around the world, Standards of Telecommunication.

Telephone system and Transmission system

Telephone handset, Central battery system., Telephone base unit. Transmission system

Transmission mode, Transmission impairments Two / four wire transmission Subscriber loop design .

Evolution of switching system

Introduction to PSTN, Modern Telecommunication switching system ,Message switching

Circuit switching, Functions of a switching system, Electronic switching system, Time division multiplexing,

Frequency division multiplexing , Space division multiplexing .

Module-2

Stored Program Control System

Stored program controlled exchange, Block schematic of SPC exchange ,Control system architecture .

Time division switching

Digital switching, Space switching ,Time switch ,Hybrid switch

Signaling system

ECE-13

Types of signaling information, Forms of signaling ,Decadic Dialing ,Dual-tone multi-frequency

dialing(DTMF),Inter-exchange signaling, Channel associated signaling ,Common channel signaling, CCS

network CCITT No.7 System SS7 architecture CCS 7 in C-DOT architecture .

Module-3

Telecommunication Traffic

Network Traffic, Unit of Traffic, Congestion, Grade of service, Traffic measurement Mathematical model .

Telephone Network

Telephone network Organization. Types of Telephone network , Numbering plan

Computer & Data Network and ISDN

Motivation, new services, transmission channels, Service characterization,

ISDN standards, broad band ISDN, voice data integration.

Text Books :

1. ThiagarajanViswanathan, Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks

by, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

References:

1. Communication Networks, A Leon-Garcia and IndraWidiaja, TMH, New Delhi.

2. Data and Computer Communications by W Stallings, Pearson Education.

PEEC 4204 TV ENGINEERING(2-0-2) CREDITS:4

Module-1 (17hrs)

INTRODUCTION :TV transmitter and receivers, synchronization. Television Pictures: Geometric form and

aspect ratio, image continuity, interlaced scanning, picture resolution, Composite video signal: Horizontal and

vertical sync, scanning sequence. Colour signal generation and Encoding: Perception of brightness and colours,

additive colour mixing, video signals for colours, luminance signal, colour difference signals, encoding of

colour difference signals, formation of chrominance signals, PAL encoder.

TV SIGNAL TRANSMISSION AND PROPAGATION : Picture signal transmission, positive and negative

modulation, VSB transmission, sound signal transmission, standard channel BW, TV transmitter, TV signal

propagation, interference, TV broadcast channels, TV transmission Antennas.

TV CAMERAS :Camera tube types, Vidicon, Silicon Diode Array Vidicon, Monochrome TV camera, color

camera. CCD Image Sensors.

Module-2 (15hrs)

PICTURE TUBES :Monochromatic Picture tube, Electrostatic focussing, Beam deflection, picture tube

characteristics and specifications, colour picture tubes. TV Standards: American 525 line B&W TV system,

NTSC colour system, 625-line monochrome system,b PAL colour system, TV standards.

MONOCHROME TV RECEIVER :RF tuner, IF subsystem, video amplifier, sound section, sync separation

and processing, deflection circuits, scanning circuits. PAL-D Colour Receiver: Electron tuners, IF subsystem,

Y-signal channel, Chroma decoder, Separation of U & V ColourPhasors, synchronous demodulators, Subcarrier

generation, raster circuits.

VISION IF SUBSYSTEM :AGC, noise cancellation, video and intercarrier sound signal detection, vision IF

subsystem of Black and White receivers, Colour receiver IF subsystem. Receiver sound system: FM detection,

FM Sound detectors, typical applications. TV Receiver Tuners: Tuner operation, VHF and UHF tuners, digital

tuning techniques, remote control of receiver functions.

Module-3(10hrs)

COLOUR SIGNAL DECODING : PAL – D decoder, chroma signal amplifiers, separation of U and V

signals, Color burst separation, Burst phase discriminator, ACC amplifier, Reference oscillator, Indent and

colour killer circuits, RO phase shift and 180o PAL–SWITCH circuitry, U & V demodulators, Colour signal

mixing.

ECE-14

SYNC SEPARATION, AFC AND DEFLECTION OSCILLATORS: Synchronous separation, k noise in

sync pulses, separation of frame and line sync pulses. AFC, single ended AFC circuit. Deflection Oscillators,

deflection drive Ics. Receiver Antennas. DIGITAL TV Digital Satellite TV, Direct to Home Satellite TV,

Digital TV Receiver, Digital Terrestrial TV.

TEST BOOKS : 1. Modern Television Practice – Principles, Technology and Service – R.R. Gulati, New Age International

Publication, 2002.

2. Monochrome and Colour TV – R.R. Gulati, New Age International Publication, 2002.

3. Television and Video Engineering - A.M. Dhake, 2nd Edition.

REFERENCES : 1. Colour Television Theory and Practice – S.P. Bali, TMH, 1994.

2. Basic Television and Video Systems – B. Grob and C.E. Herndon, McGraw Hill, 1999.

PEEC4205ROBOTICS & ROBOT APPLICATIONS (2-0-2) CREDITS:4

Module – I

Fundamentals of Robotics: Evolution of robots and robotics, Definition of industrial robot, Laws of

Robotics, Classification, Robot Anatomy, Work volume and work envelope, Human arm

characteristics, Design and control issues, Manipulation and control, Resolution; accuracy and

repeatability, Robot configuration, Economic and social issues, Present and future application.

Mathematical modeling of a robot: Mapping between frames, Description of objects in space,

Transformation of vectors.

Direct Kinematic model: Mechanical Structure and notations, Description of links and joints, Kinematic

modeling of the manipulator, Denavit-Hartenberg Notation, Kinematic relationship between adjacent

links, Manipulator Transformation matrix.

Module – II Inverse Kinematics: Manipulator workspace, Solvable of inverse kinematic model, Manipulator

Jacobian, Jacobian inverse, Jacobian singularity, Static analysis.

Dynamic modeling: Lagrangian mechanics, 2D- Dynamic model, Lagrange-Euler formulation, Newton-

Euler formulation.

Robot Sensors: Internal and external sensors, force sensors, Thermocouples, Performance characteristic

of a robot.

Module – III Robot Actuators: Hydraulic and pneumatic actuators, Electrical actuators, Brushless permanent magnet

DC motor, Servomotor, Stepper motor, Micro actuator, Micro gripper, Micro motor, Drive selection.

Trajectory Planning: Definition and planning tasks, Joint space planning, Cartesian space planning.

Applications of Robotics: Capabilities of robots, Material handling, Machine loading and unloading,

Robot assembly, Inspection, Welding, Obstacle avoidance.

Text Books: 1. Robotics and Control, R.K. Mittal and I.J. Nagrath, Tata McGraw Hill

2. Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and control, John J Craig, PHI

3. Robotics Technology and Flexible Automation, S.R.Deb and S. Deb, Tata McGraw Hill

Reference Books: 1. Introduction to Robotics, S. K. Saha, Tata McGraw Hill

ECE-15

2. Robotics: Control, Sensing, Vision and Intelligence, K.S.Fu, R.C.Gonzalez and C.S.G.Lee,McGraw

Hill

3. Robotics, AppuuKuttan K.K., I.K. international

4. Robot Dynamics and Control, M.W.Spong and M. Vidyasagar , Wiley India.

5. Industrial Robotics Technology, programming and application, M.P.Groover, McGraw Hill

6. Introduction to Robotics: Analysis, Systems, Applications, S.B.Niku, PHI

7. Robotics: Fundamental Concepts and Analysis, A. Ghosal, Oxford University Press

8. Fundamentals of Robotics: Analysis and Control, R. J. Schilling, PHI

9. Robotic Engineering: An Integrated Approach, R.D. KLAFTER, T. A. Chmielewski, and M. Negin,

PHI

10. Robot Technology: Fundamentals: J. G. Keramas, Cengage Learning

PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE-IV (2-0-2) CREDITS:4

PEEC4206 MOBILE COMMUNICATION(2-0-2) CREDITS:4

MODULE-I (18hrs)

An Overview of Wireless Systems: Introduction, Firstand Second Generation Cellular Systems,

Cellular Communications from 1G to 3G, Wireless 4G Systems, Future Wireless Networks. Fundamentals of

Cellular Communications: Introduction, Cellular Systems, Hexagonal Cell Geometry, Cochannel Interference

Ratio, Cellular System Design in Worst Case Scenario with an Omni directional Antenna, Cochannel

Interference Reduction, Directional Antennas in Seven

Cell Reuse Pattern, Cell Splitting, Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI), Segmentation,

MODULE-II (17hrs)

Mobile radio propagation: Large scale path loss,small scale fading and multipath Freespace Attenuation,

Attenuation over Reflecting Surfaces, Radio wave Propagation, Characteristics of Wireless Channel, Signal

Fading Statistics, Cost 231 Model

Modulation schemes: Introduction, Introduction to modulation, PSK,OFDM, Mary Frequency Shift Keying, DS

and FS Spread Spectrum Techniques

MODULE-III (17hrs)

Fundamental of Equalization,training,linear and non linearequalizers,LMS and Zero

Algorithm,diversitytechniques,RAKE receiver.

Multiple Access Techniques: Introduction, Narrowband Channelized Systems,Comparisons of

FDMA,TDMA and DSCDMA,Comparison of DS CDMA vs. TDMA System Capacity, Multicarrier DSCDMA

(MCDS CDMA) Global System for Mobile(GSM): features, architecture, channel types, Frame Structure in

GSM. Signal processing in GSM.

Text Books:

1. T S Rappaport, Wireless Communications, Pearson Education, India

2. Essential Reading: Selected portions from V K Garg, Wireless Communicatio

n and Netwrking; Morgan Kaufman Publishers India; 2008

Reference Book:

1. W C Y Lee, Mobile Communation Engineering

Theory and Applications; TMH

2.. T L Singhal, Wireless Communicaions, Tata McGraw Hill 201

PEEC 4207 MEMS and MICROELECTRONICS SYSTEMS(2-0-2) CREDITS:4

Module I

MEMS and Microsystems – Applications – Multidisciplinary nature of MEMS – principles and examples of

Micro sensors and micro actuators – micro accelerometer - meters Micro grippers – micro motors - micro valves

ECE-16

– micro pumps – Shape Memory Alloys. Scaling laws in miniaturization - scaling in geometry, scaling in rigid

body dynamics, the trimmer force scaling vector, scaling in electrostatic and electromagnetic forces, scaling in

electricity and fluidic dynamics, scaling in heat conducting and heat convection.

Module II

Micro System fabrication – photo lithography – Ion implantation- Diffusion – Oxidation – Chemical vapour

deposition – Etching- Overview of Micro manufacturing – Bulk micro manufacturing – Surface micro

machining – LIGA process – Materials for MEMS – silicon – silicon compounds – silicon piezo resistors –

GaAs – polymers.

Module III

Microsystem Design - Design considerations – Selection of signal transduction – Process design – Design of a

silicon die for a micro pressure sensor – Microsystem packaging - three levels of micro system packaging –

interfaces in micro system packaging – Signal mapping and transduction – RF MEMS and optical MEMS

components.

Text book:

1. Tai-Ran Hsu, MEMS and Microsystems Design and Manufacture, TMH, 2002.

References:

1. Mark Madou, “Fundamentals of Micro fabrication”, CRC Press, New York, 1997.

2. Julian W Gardner, “Microsensors: Principles and Applications”, John Wiley & Sons, 1994

3. Sze S M, “Semiconductor Sensors”, McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1994. 4. Chang C Y and Sze S M, “VLSI

Technology”, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.

PEEC 4208 OPTICAL NETWORKs (2-0-2) CREDITS: 4

MODULE-I (08 Hours)

Electromagnetic of optical Fiber:

Mode theory for circular waveguides: waveguide equations, Modal Equation, Modes in step-index fibers,

Linearly Polarized mode, Power flow in step-index fibers. Single mode fiber, Graded indexed fiber structure.

Single mode fibers: Coping with dispersion, dispersion compensating fibers; Non-linear effects in single mode fiber, Trends in fiber

design.

MODULE-II (10 Hours)

Fiber optic components:

Couplers, splicer

Sources and Detectors:

Sources: LED, Laser-fundamentals, conditions for oscillations, construction and principle of operation of lasers

Detectors: photodiodes- PN, PIN and APD.

WDM concepts and components: Passive components - couplers, Multiplexer, Phase-Array based WDM

devices, optical filters.

Optical Amplifiers: Semiconductor Optical Amplifier, EDFA; Wavelength Converters.

MODULE-III (10 Hours)

Optical Networks: SONET / SDH, Broadcast-and-select WDM Network, Wavelength-Routed Network;

Performance of WDM+EDFA system & optical CDMA; Ultra high capacity networks.

TEXT BOOKS

1.Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications - 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill.

2.Djafar K. Mynbaer and Lowell L. Scheiner, Fiber Optic Communication and Technology, Pearson Education

PEEC4209 ANALOG VLSI DESIGN(2-0-2) CREDITS: 4

Module – I 10 Hours Introduction to Analog Design: General Concepts, Levels of Abstraction, Robust Analog Design

Single-Stage Amplifiers: Basic Concepts, Common-Source Stage, Common-Source Stage with Resistive Load,

CS Stage with Diode-Connected Load, CS Stage with Current-Source Load, CS Stage with Triode Load, CS

Stage with Source Degeneration, Source Follower, Common-Gate Stage, Cascode Stage, Folded Cascode.

Differential Amplifiers: Single-Ended and Differential Operation, Basic Differential Pair, Qualitative Analysis,

Quantitative Analysis, Common-Mode Response, Differential Pair with MOS Loads, Gilbert Cell.

(Chapters 1, 3 and 4 of Text Book)

ECE-17

Module – II 12 Hours Passive and Active Current Mirrors: Basic Current Mirrors, Cascode Current Mirrors, Active Current

Mirrors, Large-Signal Analysis, Small-Signal Analysis, Common-Mode Properties.

Bandgap References: General Considerations, Supply-Independent Biasing, Temperature-Independent

References, Negative-TC Voltage, Positive-TC Voltage, Bandgap Reference.

Operational Amplifiers: General Considerations, Performance Parameters, One-Stage Op Amps, Two-Stage

Op Amps, Gain Boosting, Comparison, Common-Mode Feedback, Input Range Limitations, Slew Rate, Power

Supply Rejection.


Module – III 14 Hours Frequency Response of Amplifiers: General Considerations, Miller Effect, Association of Poles with Nodes,

Common-Source Stage, Source Followers, Common-Gate Stage, Cascode Stage, Differential Pair.

Feedback: General Considerations, Properties of Feedback Circuits, Types of Amplifiers, Feedback

Topologies, Voltage-Voltage Feedback, Current-Voltage Feedback, Voltage-Current Feedback, Current-Current

Feedback, Effect of Loading, Two-Port Network Models, Loading in Voltage-Voltage Feedback, Loading in

Current-Voltage Feedback, Loading in Voltage-Current Feedback, Loading in Current-Current Feedback,

Summary of Loading Effects, Effect of Feedback on Noise.

Oscillators: General Considerations, Ring Oscillators, LC Oscillators, Crossed-Coupled Oscillator, Colpitts

Oscillator, One-Port Oscillators, Voltage-Controlled Oscillators, Tuning in Ring Oscillators, Tuning in LC

Oscillators, Mathematical Model of VCOs.


Text Books: 1. BehzadRazavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company

Limited, 2002.

Reference Books:

1. P. Gray, P. Hurst, S. Lewis, and R. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, 4th

Edition, John Wiley, 2001.

2. BehzadRazavi, Fundamentals of Microelectronics, 1st Edition, John Wiley, 2008.

3. D. Holberg and P. Allen, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford University Press, 2002.

4. D. Johns and K. Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, John Wiley, 1997.

5. K.R. Laker and W.M.C. Sansen, Design of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems, McGraw-Hill, Inc.,

1994.

6. A. Sedra and K.C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press, 2004.

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