ceramah sains bi
TRANSCRIPT
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TARGET A
SCIENCE UPSRPresented by
Rujhan bin Zakaria
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For Things To Change ,
I MUST FIRST CHANGE
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STUDENTS THAT ARE
EXCELLENT ....Ready to learn and learn more
Learn and correct ourselves from previous mistakesAlways find other ways and alternatives
Always be thankful to the teachers
Take into account all the advises
Be an optimistReady to work hard
Be cooperative with other friends
Do more exercise less talk
Doing the revision at home
Think positiveManage the time
Know and being alert of self weaknesses
Strive for success
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STUDENTS WHO FAILS….
Always lazy and no inniative
Doing the same mistakes again and again
Always giving reasons
Always pointing the teachers for mistakes
Do not bother with other people advices
Always being a pessimists
Only want something that is easy
Always finding friend’s mistakes ,
Too much talking no revising
Always saying ,”Too much to do “ ,
Always have the negative thoughts
Doing works because we have to
Always wasting time
Pointing to other people faults
Failure to be expected .
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THE SCIENCE UPSR
FORMAT 2008BILLINGUAL
1. MALAY
2. ENGLISH
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THE SCIENCE UPSR FORMAT 2008
SECTION QUESTION
STRUCTURE
NUMBER
OF
QUESTIONS
MARKS PERCENT
AGE
A OBJECTIVE
1. MULTIPLE
CHOICE
30
B SUBJECTIVE4-5
TOTAL
MARKS 100%
30 60
20 40
50
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SECTION QUESTION
STRUCTURE
NUMBER OF
QUESTIONS
TIME TO
ANSWER
A MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS 30 30 Minutes
B SUBJECTIVE4-5 40Minutes
Checking theanswers 5 minutes
TIME MANEGEMENT TO ANSWER QUESTIONS
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1. READ A LOT- ORGANISE AND COMPLETE THE
INFORMATION AND FACTS.
2. A LOT OF EXERCISES- OBSERVED –
ENHANCE COMPETENCE AND PERFORMANCE.
3. VARIOUS SOURCES OF EXERCISES,CONTINOUS
AND OBSERVED
4. NEED TO MEMORISE
5. PREPARE SHORT NOTES
HOW TO EXCEL?
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CANDIDATE WEAKNESSES
1. NOT ANSWERING ALL THE QUESTIONS IN SECTION B
2. MEANINGLESS ANSWERS
3. THE FACTS ARE CORRECT BUT IRRELEVANT
4. NOT A COMPLETE ANSWER
5. JUST COPYING THE QUESTIONS
WHY THE PUPILS FAIL TO
EXCEL?
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HOW TO GET ‘A’
PART A
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Get at least26 / 30
marks.
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Prepare a MIND MAP.
Characteristics
of light
In a straight
lineRefract
ReflectDeflect
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Phonemic
Style
Colour of rainbows :
R ose Of You Give By In Person
ABOR :
Acid Blue To Red
Name of the Planets
My Very Excellent Mother Just Serve
Us Nine Planets
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ARRANGEMENT OF PLANETS
Name of the Planets
My Very Excellent Mother Just Serve
Us Nine Puddings
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Identify the KEY WORDS
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Underline or Circle the KEY WORDS
in every question . Example :
Million of grasshoppers attack the people in a small island .The events below shows the effects of the attack.
Which of the below shows the correct sequence of events ?
A R , T , U , S
B S , U , T , R
C T , R , U , S
D U , T , S , R
R - Shortage of food to humans
S - All plants diedT - The carnivores died
U - Omnivores died
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Crossing the error
EXAMPLE :J - Boiling
K - Evaporation
L - Condensation
M - Steam
The information above shows the process in the changes
of materials .
Which of the below shows the changes from liquid to gas ?
A J and L
B J , K and M
C K , L and M
D J , K , L and M
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Understand simple experiment / easy for
every topic to be delivered .
More faster pedal ,
more faster to arrive.
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• Stimulus on water
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• Stimulus on sunlight
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• The repelling of magnets
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• The FORMATION
OF SHADOWS.
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• EXPANSION OF
MATERIALS
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Light Travels In A Straight Line
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Phases of the MOON
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• Moon rotates and movesaround the Earth .
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• Reflection of LIGHT
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HOW TO GET‘A’
SECTION B
SUBJECTIVE
QUESTIONS
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How to MASTER Part /Section B? Yes !
I got theidea.
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CAREFULLY READ EACHINSTRUCTION AND
EXPLANATION.
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KEY WORDS FROM QUESTION
ESPECIALLY
VARIABLES
Obtained from where ?
StatementsDiagrams
Tables
GraphsOther information given .
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BEGIN ANSWERING
QUESTIONS :• Observation + Inferences
• Hypothesis
• Variable
• Pattern / Trends
• Prediction
• Other stimulus with the same
skills.
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QUESTION FORMAT
SECTION A
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. What are the breathing organs of a
frog ?
A Skin and gill
B Skin and lungsC Gill and breathing pores
D Lungs and breathing pores
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2. Diagram 1 above shows parts of the
apparatus used by a group of students to
show that plants breathe .Among the steps
below , which one that the students do nothave to do ?
A Heat the water
B Record the temperature of the waterC Use a newly pluck leaf
D Immerse the leaf into a beaker of warmwaters
Diagram 1
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3. The activity done by the factory willcause
……………………………………………………
A air pollution
B water pollution
C water and air pollution
D water , air and sound pollution
Rajah 3
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• 4. Which of the statement below is best
• to show about the rainbow ?
• • A Rainbown form in the morning
• B Droplets of water causes
• the formation of rainbow
• C The rain changes
• sunlight into rainbow• D Rain in the morning
• causes the formation of rainbow.
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Time Temperature / ºC
0
510
15
20
25
29
4456
68
80
90
5. Table 1 shows the temperature of water
recorded every 5 minutes. What is the time
taken for the water to boil ?
A 20 minutes B 25 minutes
C 32 minutes D 42 minutes
Table 1
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6. A glass container with ice water isplaced on a table for one hour . Thevolume of the water decreases .Statethe process happening ?
I Melting III CondensationII Evaporation IV Steam
A I and II
B III and IV
C I, II and III
D II, III and IV
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7. Which of the situation below that
stop the grasshopper from breathing?
I All the water sink in water
II Only the head sink in the water
III Only the body sink in the water
A II only
B I and II
C I and III
D I, II and III
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X - Soak the leaves in the beaker with warm water
Y - Observe using a magnifying glassZ - Pluck a new leaf
8. X, Y and Z are steps in a fair test to investigatethat pants breathe . Which of the below is the
correct sequence ?
A Y Z X
B Y X Z
C Z X Y
D Z Y X
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9. The distance between the Earth and the
Sun is 150 000 000 km. What will happen if
the distance become 1700 000 000 km?
I All living things will be destroyed.
II The Earth will be cooler .
III The day will be more brighter.
A II only C I and III
B I and II D II and III
• Time Temperature
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• (min) ( ºC )
• 11 50
• 16 60
• 21 70
• 26 80
• 35 100
• TABLE 2
• 10. Table 2 shows the temperature of boiling water . Predict thetemperature at the 40th. minutes .
• I The water boils
• II The temperature rises to 110 C
• III The temperatues changes quickly
• A I only B I and II
• C II and III D I, 11 and III
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Way in answering
Science UPSRSection B
S i P Skill
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Science Process Skills
• OBSERVATION
• INFERENCE
• CONTROLLING VARIABLES :-
* What to change
* What to observe / measure
* What to keep the same
• Hypothesis• INTERPRETING DATA :-
* Trend of change
* Relationship
* What is the evident about ………..
* Reason*Conclusion
• PREDICTING
• APLICATION QUESTIONS
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OBSERVATION
USING THE FIVE SENSES .
1. WHAT IS HEARD
2. WHAT IS FELT
3. WHAT IS SMELL
4. WHAT IS TOUCHED5. WHAT IS SEEN
• Night time Day time
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State the observation above ?
Night time Day time
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Pot QPot P
The fishes in Pot P is smaller than the fishes in Pot Q.
OBSERVATION
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What is your OBSERVATION ?
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Lets jump lets jump oh Mr. Frog lets jump
Jumping round and round into the pond
Swimming around having all the fun
Singing out your heart with joy
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Q1. From your observation,why do you think the frogs are happy?
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1.There are no enemies2. The water not contaminated
3. There are a lot of foods
INFERENCE
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EARLY CONCLUSION BASED ONOBSERVATION.
OBSERVATION = WHAT HAPPEN /
OBSERVATION + REASON
CONNECTING THE OBSERVATION WITH
THE REASON
THE REASON HAVE TO BE LOGICAL
INFERENCE
f
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In short , Inference is :-
•Explanation on observation orthe reason why it happens
Steps to answer on INFERENCES :-
1. Observe carefully2. State why it happens
It can be answered as follows :-1 :- Observation and the reason
2 : With reason and stating which observation is
writtern as inference if there are more than one
observation .
GUIDES IN ANSWERING
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GUIDES IN ANSWERINGQuestion :- Write an inference for
your observation in Diagram 1 .How to answer :-
1. State your observation :-
The window glass broken
2. Give a logic reason :-
Because a boy catapult the
window
The complete answer :-
1. The window glass broken becausethe boy catapult it .
( OBSERVATION + REASON ) OR
2. Because the boy catapult it .
( REASON ONLY)
INFERENCE
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INFERENCE
1 St t 2 i f th diff t i i f fi h i
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Pot QPot P
Food BreedRearedearlier
1. State 2 inferences on the different in sizes of fishes inPot P and Pot Q
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Colder temperature
Do not like sunlight
Lots of enemy
Hot temperatureLess enemy
Active at night
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2. CONTROLLING VARIABLES:-
Naming the :
i . Things to be changed WTC)
ii. Things to be observe WTO)
iii. Things to be kept the same WTS)
The things to be observed is the result of the
things that to be changed. At the same time ,
the things to be kept the same are kept
constant or the same .
Reminder Every variables have to state :-
Measurement / characteristic
Weight + Materials
Example :-
Measurement / characteristic
Weight + Materials = ball
Example on variables = Weight of ball
VARIABLES
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WHAT TO KEEP THE SAME VARIABLE
FIX / SAME / DOES NOT EFFECT THE FAIR TEST
WHAT TO CHANGE VARIABLE
THINGS THAT CHANGES / THINGS THAT AFFECT THE FAIR TEST
WHAT TO OBSERVE / MEASURE VARIABLE
RESULT OF THE FAIR TEST / INVESTIGATION
VARIABLES
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Exercise 1 :-
Measurement /
characteristics
Things/
Matter
Length pillar
Temperature WaterSize Tin
Types
Shape
Time Ice melts
Container
Surface
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MEASUREMENT/
CHARACTERISTICS MATERIALS
CONTAINER
NUMBERS
TYPES
SHAPE
TEMPERATURE
SURFACE AREA
COLOUR
THICKNESSVOLUME
SIZE
State the measurement for the materials below .
Example :-
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Example :
Container
A
Container
B
Container
C
Candle
3 container of different sizes A , B , and C capsizes at the
same time on three candles of the same size . What can be
observed after that ?
Which candle will light up longer ?
Candle in container C .
Example :-
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a p e
Container
A
Container
B
Container
C
Candle
3 container of different sizes A , B , and C capsizes at the
same time on three candles of the same size . What can be
observed after that ?
What is the measurement used to state long and fast the
candle light up ?
Time the candle light up .
Example :-
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p
Container
A
Container
B
Container
C
Candle
3 container of different sizes A , B , and C capsizes at the
same time on three candles of the same size . It shows that
the candle in container A What can be observed after that the
candle in container A put out faster that the other candles .a) WTC : b) WTO
c) WTS:
Size of containers Time candle put out/off
Types of candle // size of candles // same place
VARIABLES
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VARIABLES
Exercises on Variables :-
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WTC :-
1.
2.
Container A Container B Container C
Tin J Tin K Tin L
WTC :- Colours of tins
Size // Volume // Height
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3.
WTC :-
Rope Q
4.
Vinegar Oil Water
WTC :
Rope SRope R
Thickness of the rope
Types of liquid
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5.
Box A Box B Box C
WTC :-
6.
Magnet X Magnet Y Magnet Z
WTC :
Height of box
Shapes of magnet
7 50 0 C 70 0 C60 0 C
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7.
Thermometer50 0 C 70 0 C60 0 C
350 ml
of oil
350 ml
of oil
WTC :-
8.
Ball 20 g Ball 40 gBall 30 g
WTC :
Temperatures of oil
Mass of balls
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9.
Steel container GlassContainerPlastic container
WTC :-
10.
1980 20001990
WTC :-
Types of beakers
Years
Examples :- Thermometer
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Thermometer
100 0 C 100 0 C100 0 C
Container P Container RContainer Q
800
ml
water 800 ml
water
800
ml
water
The Diagram above shows the apparatus set
up for a fair test / investigation. All three
containers are at the place and time for 2
hours .
Examples :- Thermometer
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Thermometer
100 0 C 100 0 C100 0 C
Bekas P Bekas RBekas Q
800
ml
water 800 ml
water
800
ml
water
a) State the variables involved :-
i) WTC : ii) WTO :
iii) WTS :
Surface area of containers Temperature /
Volume of water left Volume of water at first // Types of
containers// First temperature // The
colour of container .
Id tif i V i bl
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Identifying Variables
Variable can be known through theinformation shown below:
1. X Axis - ( Horizontal) : WTC
Y Axis - ( Vertical ) : WTO
2. Column and Row in a Table .
Example of Graf
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p
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33
Temperature
Time
Time
Temperature
Example: The row table
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Example: The row table
Time
(minutes)
3 6 9 12
Temperature
( ° C )
28 32 36 40
First Row : WTC
Second Row : WTO
Examples: Vertical Table
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p
Weight of
fertilizer
( gram)
Height of
Tree
( cm )5 3.0
10 3.5
15 4.0
20 4.5
WTC
WTO
Ball Left Off
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Ball Left Off
Height left off
( cm )
Height ofBounce
( cm )
150 60
120 50
90 3860 24
30 8
Hypothesis :-
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Making a general statement about the relationship
between a manipulated variable and a responding
variable to explain an observation or event . Thestatement can be tested to determine its validity .
.Steps in answering Hypothesis :-
3. Use the links below to make the hypothesis :-* more wtc more wto
* nearer wtc bigger/smaller wto
* any other acceptable answer
2. Identify What to Observe / Measure (WTO)
1. Identify What to Change ( WTC )
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Example on Hypothesis :-
The same kind of fishes are placed in container R
and S .After a week , the average weight of thefishes are recorded .
2 liter of
water2 liter of
water
Container R Container S
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Example on Hypothesis :-
The same kind of fishes are placed in container R
and S .After a week , the average weight of thefishes are recorded .
2 liter of
water2 liter of
water
Container R Container S
Examples on Hypothesis :-
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p yp
a) State two variables in the investigation
above .
2 liter air2 liter air
Container R Container S
WTC :
WTO:
Number of fish .
Average weight of fish.
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Guide in answering the Hypothesis
question :-
1.WTC : Number of fish
2.WTO : Average weight of fish
3.The relation of WTC and WTO.
Example of answer :-
*More fish less average weight of
fish .
*Less fish more average weight offish.
INTERPRETING :-
Giving rational explanations about an object ,
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Giving rational explanations about an object ,
event or pattern derived from collected
data . The data collected are in various form
like tables , drawings ,graphs .
Example questions :-
1. What can be stated about
2. State the relation between the twovariables ?
3. State the changes in pattern / trend …?
4. Write the aim of the fair test /
investigation ..5. Write a conclusion from the
information.
Example on Interpreting Data :-
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900
ml
water
900
ml
water
900
ml
water
Black Tin Blue TinWhite Tin
Diagram 3 shows an investigation done on
three different coloured Tins with the same
volume of water. All the tins are placed underthe sunlight . The volume of water is recorded
after 10 minutes as shown in Table 2 .
Examples of Interpreting Data :-
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TinVolume of water / ml
0minutes 10minutes 20minutes 30minutes 40minutes
Black 900 880 840 780 700
White 900 895 890 885 880
Blue 900 890 870 840 800
a) Two information :- ( WTC and WTO )Answer :-
WTC :Colour of tin
WTO : volume of water.
EXAMPLES ON INTERPRETING DATA :-
Volume of water / ml
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b) What is the relation between the colour and
the volume of water in the tin .
Answer :-• More darker colour less volume of water Iin
the tin .
• Less darker colour more volume of
water.
TinVolume of water / ml
minutes
10minutes
20minutes
30minutes
40minutes
Black 900 880 840 780 700
White 900 895 890 885 880
Blue 900 890 870 840 800
Changes of Pattern / Trend of reading .
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Changes of Pattern / Trend of reading .
1.
20 , 40 , 60 , 80 , 100Answer :
2.
200 , 150 , 100 , 50 , 0Answer :
3.
100 , 100 , 100 , 100 , 100Answer :
Increase //more
Decrease // Less
Constant // Level // fix
Try stating the trend of change below .
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Try stating the trend of change below .
20 , 23 , 20, 23 , 20 , 23
Answer :
2. 10 , 20 , 30 , 30 , 20 , 20 ,
30 , 40 , 30 , 20 .
Answer :
1.
Increase , decrease and increase .
Increase, constant, decrease and
increase .
PREDICTION :-
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C O
Making a forecast about what will
happen in the future based on prior
knowledge gained through experienceand collected data .
Guided answer :-
i) Form numbers if the data are in numbers – can be read based on the changes in
reading .
ii) Form words if the information are in
words / diagrams / pictures that cannotbe read or counted in numbers .
3. Predict the time taken fro the water to boil using six candles ?
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Container P Q R
Time water boils/ minutes 55 45 35
ContainerP
ContainerQ
ContainerR
15 minutes
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DIAGRAM 5
Layer of oil
Tadpole
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P Q
AIM OF INVESTIGATION / FAIR TEST
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AIM OF INVESTIGATION / FAIR TEST
1. STATING THE OBJECTIVE OR AIM THE FAIR TEST OR
INVESTIGATION IS DONE .
2. THERE ARE STATEMENTS , INVESTIGATION , FAIR TEST ,
OR IDENTIFYING .
3. STATEMENTS SHOWIN RELATION , CAUSE ANDEFFECTS .
4. RELATING BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES .
EXAMPLE:
a) TO SHOW THE RELATION BETWEEN WTC AND WTO .
b) TO SHOW THE EFFECTS OF WTC ON WTO .
3. What is the aim of the fair test below ?
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Types of surfaces J K L
Time taken by the toy car for thedistance traveled of 3 meter
(in seconds )
10 13 9
To show the relationship between the types of surface and the distances
traveled by the toy car after 3 meter .
The diagram below shows the apparatus used in an investigation .Thesame amount of water is poured on the muddy soil , the misxture ofm dd s il nd s nd s il Th l m f t ll t d is th n
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RQP
Muddysoil
Mixture ofsand andmuddy soil.
Sandysoil.
muddy soil and sandy soil .The volume of water collected is thenrecorded ..
1. Write the purpose or aim of the
investigation .
To show the relationship between types ofsoil and the volume of water collected .
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6. APPLICATION
QUESTIONS :-
Using the result of a fair test and
investigation to solve problem in the daily
lives .
Examples of APPLICATION:-
Thermometer Cardboar
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Thermometer Cardboar
d
Black Tin Red TinYellow TinWhite Tin
Diagram 4 shows 4 tins of different coloursplaced under the sun . The beginning
temperature of all the tins is 30 º C .The
temperature is recorded after 15 minutes .
Diagram 4
Example on APPLICATION :-
Cardboard
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ThermometerCardboard
Black Tin Red TinYellow TinWhite tin
Tin Temperature in tins after 15 mins. / 0 C
Black
White
Yellow
Red
35
30
32
33
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UPSR SCIENCESECTION B
EXAMPLE QUESTIONS
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Jenis permukaan yang dikaji
Jarak 3 meter
Bricks
runaway
Types of surfaces
Types of surfaces J K LTime taken for the toy car to
travel the distance of 3 meter10 13 9
1. State 2 variables in the fair test / investigation below .
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Types of surfaces
Time taken for the toycat to travel thedistance of 3 meter.
Types of surfaces J K L
Time taken for the toy car totravel the distance of 3 meter(seconds)
10 13 9
2.State 2 variables to be kept the same .
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Types of surfaces
Height of runaway
Types of surfaces
J K LTime taken for the toy car totravel the distance of 3 meter
(seconds)
10 13 9
3. What is the purpose / aim of the investigation / fair test below ?
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Jenis permukaan yang dikaji
Jarak 3 meterTypes of surfaces J K L
Time taken for the toy car to
travel the distance of 3 meter.10 13 9
To show the relationship between the types of surface
and the distances traveled by the toy car after 3 meter .
4. Based on your observation from the table below , which surface hasthe highest friction ?
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Jenis permukaan yang dikaji
Jarak 3 meter
g f
Types of surfaces J K LTime taken for the toy car to
travel the distance of 3 meter.10 13 9
Guide : Surface with high frictiondecrease the speed of car .
Answer : Surface K
4. Which type of surface causes more accidents ?
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Jenis permukaan yang dikaji
Jarak 3 meterTypes of surfaces J K L
Time taken for the toy car to travel 10 13 9
Guide : Accidents are caused bysurfaces that are smooth .
Answer : Surface L
The Diagram below shows an investigation on theeffect of temperature on time of water boils for thethree beakers P,Q dan R
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Beakers P Q R
Time water boils/ minutes 55 45 35
BeakerP
Beaker Q
BeakerR
1. What is the relation between the 2 variable s ?
three beakers P,Q dan R
More heat the faster the water boils .
2. What is the trend for the water to boil if lessdl i d ?
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Beakers P Q R
Time water boils/ minutes 55 45 35
BeakerP
Beaker QBeakerR
candles is used ?
Increase and constant
3. Predict the time for the water to boil using 6dl ?
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Beakers P Q R
Time water boils/ minutes 55 45 35
BeakerP
Beaker Q
BeakersR
candles ?
15 minutes
Time Temperatureof animal Y
Temperatureof animal Z
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of animal Y of animal Z
7 a.m 28 28
9 a.m 27 3011 a.m 28 33
1 p.m 27 37
3 p.m 28 335 p.m 27 30
Write an inference to explain the differences oftemperatures for animal Y and animal Z .
The temperature in the barn of animal Y decreasesbecause
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because …
* Not moving* Resting
* The barn has a roof
The temperature in the barn of animal Z increasesbecause …..
* A lot of movement
* The barn has no roof
* The number of animal is less
* More number of animals
1 Identify two variables in this investigation / fair test
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1. Identify two variables in this investigation / fair test .
Time
2. Predict the temperature of barn Z at 6 p.m. 28
Temperature of the barn
Time Temperature of barnanimal Y
Temperature of barnanimal Z
7 a.m 28 28
9 a.m 27 30
11 a.m 28 33
1 p.m 27 37
3 p.m 28 33
5 p.m 27 30
The diagram below shows the apparatus used in an
investigation .The same amount of water is poured on the
muddy soil , the misxture of muddy soil and sandy soil .The
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RQP
CottonMuddy
soil
Mixture ofmud andsand
Sandysoil
y , y y
volume of water collected is then recorded ..
1. Write a purpose / an aim for this fair test .
To show the relationship between types ofsoil and volume of water recorded .
WaterCollected
1. State the variables in the fair test
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RQP
CottonMuddy
soil
Mixture ofmud andsand
Sandysoil
WaterCollected
Types of soil .
Volume of water collected .
1. Write a hypothesis based on the aim of the fair test.
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RQP
CottonMuddy
soil
Mixture ofmud andsand
Sandysoil
WaterCollected
More porous sand more water collected
Less porous sand less water collected .
MANUSIA ISTIMEWA
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MANUSIA ISTIMEWABersyukur kepada Tuhan
Kita sebenarnya
Mempunyai otak
Menggunakan akal fikiran
Berusaha meningkatkan ilmu pengetahuan
Cekal, tabah, gigih, berkemahiran.
Manusia lebih maju, istimewa
Memajukan alam
Menguasai hidupan
Mencipta alat dan kemudahan
Menjaga alam sebaiknya
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SAYONARA
RUM BE NAN DRE .
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c
Container R Container S
Diagram 1
DIAGRAM 2
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DIAGRAM 2
DIAGRAM 3
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DIAGRAM 3
DIAGRAM 4
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DIAGRAM 4
TABLE 1
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TABLE 1
Length of
string (cm)
Thickness of
string(mm)Pitch
50 1 High
50 2 Medium
50 3 Low
WTOWTC
TABLE 2
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Fair test Magnet’s size Distance of pin from
magnet
1 10cm X 20cm 2 cm
2 10cm X 30 cm 3 cm
3 10 cm X 40 cm 4 cm
WTOWTC
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TABLE 3
Volume of water
(ml)
50 100 150 200
Temperature of
water (c)
85 80 78 69
GRAF
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GRAF
VARIABLES
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VARIABLES
• What To Change (WTC)
Its something that we change or alter when
doing the fair test or investigation .It is also known
as inference at times .
• What To Observe / Measure (WTO)
It’s the end result of an activity / fair test or
investigation . Known also as the result or a justification of an observation .
STATEMENT
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Fisherman use salt to make the fish
last longer .
Salt
Last longer
TWC
WTO
STATEMENT