“cereal crops harvesting equipment” - kscst · “cereal crops harvesting equipment” project...
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“CEREAL CROPS HARVESTING EQUIPMENT”
PROJECT REFERENCE NO. : 37S0137
COLLEGE : B.V.BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
HUBLI
BRANCH : INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
GUIDE : SANJAY KULKARNI
STUDENTS : MOHAMED TAUSEEF
SARASWATI RAJPUROHIT
PRASHANT SALIMATH
ROHAN ARGEKAR
Introduction: Pulse crops are one of the most widely cultivated crops and some of them are chickpea, sap
flower, green gram etc. These are usually cultivated on black soil and the height of the crop
is approximately 40 cms. The sowing is done in the month of November and harvesting is
done during the month of February. The harvesting is done manually and using mechanical
equipments. The manual method involves hand picking which is usually tedious and time
consuming and needs many labours. Now a days availability of labours is a matter of concern
and has to be tackled. Mechanical equipments used is combined harvester. These combined
harvesters[1] have been proved expensive when used in small cultivated lands and movement
around these fields is inconvenient. So development of alternates but economic equipment is
need of an hour which can be used by small farmers with smaller cultivated land.
After studying the existing practices of chickpea harvesting and finding the need for chickpea
harvesting machine with better performance and customized features, the problem statement
has been formed. Manual method involves hand picking which is usually tedious and time
consuming and needs many labours and use of combined harvesters have been proved
expensive when used in small cultivated lands and movement around these fields is
inconvenient and also there is lot of wastage of the pods during harvesting by combined
harvester.
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Objectives:
It will be useful for small cultivated lands (up to 10acres) who cannot afford
heavy and costly equipments.
Harvesting 3 rows at a time.
It helps save the time.
Operated by 1 or 2 person so help to decreases cost of labor.
To reduce Human effort and avoid fatigue.
To increase the yield of the crop.
Methodology:
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Morphology chart
The morphological chart encourages the designer to identify novel combinations of elements
or components. The chart sets out the complete range of elements, components or sub
solutions that can be combined together to make a solution. The number of possible
combinations is usually very high and included not only existing, conventional solutions but
also a wide range of variations and completely novel solutions. The main aim of this method
is to widen the search for possible new solutions. Morphology is the study of shape or form,
so a morphological analysis is a systematic attempt to analyze the form that a product or a
machine might take and a morphological chart is a summary of this analysis. Different
combinations of sub-solutions can be selected from the chart, perhaps leading to new
solutions that have not previously been identified.
Features/Functions 1 2 3
Material used for cheesy
Mild steel
Iron
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Drive/motion of equipment
IC Engine
Bullocks AC motor
Support Wheels Rollers Rear-wheels
cutter mechanism Reciprocating Withworth
cutter bar motion AC motor IC Engine
(2-stroke)
Wheel motion
Conveyor motion AC motor IC Engine
(2-stroke)
Wheel motion
Reel power motion AC motor IC Engine
(2-stroke)
Wheel motion
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Generation of alternatives Alternative-1
Alternative-2
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Alternative-3
Evaluation of alternatives
The process carried out to select the alternatives from the conceptual designs is through
evaluation matrix, which is as shown below.
Alternatives Holding
(By reel) Cutting Conveying
the crops Storage Total
1 5 9 6 6 29 2 8 9 9 8 28 3 9 9 9 9 36
Using evaluation matrix Alternative 2 was selected with following functions,
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Drawings
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BILL OF MATERIALS
Sl.no Description Quantity Material Cost(Rupees)
1 Knife section 12 Hardened steel 1005
2 Fingers double full 3 Iron 1080
3 Fingers double half 3 Iron 918
4 Knife guide 2 Cast iron 272
5 Hex bolt 4 Cast iron 66
6 Hex nut 12 Cast iron 36
7 Lock nut 6 Cast iron 58
8 Washer 22 Cast iron 83.6
9 Friction plate 1 Steel 60
10 Counter sunk rivet 35 MS 53
11 Knife guide top 1 Cast iron 367
12 Mushroom head bolt 5 MS 110
13 Wheels 4 Cast iron 4375
14 Gears 4 Hardened steel 900
15 Angles 20ft MS 3680
16 Sheet metal 39.5kg MS 2000
17 Shaft 4 MS 1880
18 Nut bolt 25 MS 280
19 Pipe 4 MS 1600
20 Belt 3 Rubber 600
21 Conveyor belt 1 9726
22 Washers 10 Aluminum 20
23 Bearings (circular) 2 Steel 220
24 Bearings (204,205,206) 4 Steel 2333
25 Pulley 6 Cast iron 1800
26 MS rod 4 MS 825
27 Paint 1 - 665
28 Engine 1 - 12000
29 Others - 500
30 Total 47512.6
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Results and Conclusions The Pulse crop harvester is designed and fabricated to meet the objectives and constraints
specified.
The main objective of bending, cutting, conveying and storing was successfully achieved. It
helped for small cultivated lands (up to 10acres) who cannot afford heavy and costly
equipments. Harvesting 3 rows at a time was successfully done. It saved 50% of the time &
reduced 50% Human effort .
The main constraints observed here is difficulty to push the machine as it is too heavy so the
design of chassis has to be refined, it is limited to Bengal (chick pea) gram, green gram,
soyabean, wheat, saf flower, black gram. And Cutting distance from the ground minimum
15cms.
Scope for future work
• Weight can be reduced significantly. The selection of the materials has to be done
which would further reduce the weight of the equipment
• A Variable height mechanism has to be introduced which helps in adjusting the height
of the cutter bar ,where cutting can be executed at required height
• The axles have to be installed to the wheels using standard automobile design, which
enables smooth forward movement
• A threshing unit has to be installed.
A threshing unit is one which separates the pods from the plant. It consists of
threshing drum, sews of different textures so that different pods of different sizes can
be separated, a blower fan has to be installed to blow off the waste
• An attachment for bullock cart has to be installed in the front and an attachment for
power tiller at rear end
• A turning mechanism for rear wheel has to be designed
• Diesel or petrol engine are preferable
• Forward auto motion for the equipment is preferable
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Equipment with a threshing unit