cerebral palsy, spina bifida, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury
DESCRIPTION
CEREBRAL PALSY The disturbance of voluntary motor functions that may include paralysis, extreme weakness, lack of coordination, involuntary convulsions and other motor disorders. A long term condition resulting from a lesion to the brain or an abnormality of brain growth. Specific Types of CEREBRAL PALSY > Hypertonia This is characterized by tense, contracted muscles and the movements mat be jerky, exaggerated and poorly coordinated. Deformities of the spine, hip dislocation and contractures of the hand, elbow, foot, and knee are common. > Hypotonia - poor muscle tone particularly in the neck and trunk - usually detected at birth or during infancy - a child with hypotonia has low level of motor activity, slow to make balancing responses and may not walk until 30 months of age. > Athetosis - slow, worm-like involuntary, uncontrollable and purposeless movements - a child with this condition may not be able to control the muscles of the tongue, throat, and may drool so there is difficulty in oral language. > Ataxia Poor coordination and unsteadiness due to the brain's failure to regulate the body's posture and regulate the strength and direction of limb movements. It is a disturbance of balance and equilibrium resulting in a gait like that of a drunken person when walking and may fall easily if not supported. > Rigidity The quality or state of stiffness or inflexibility. The marked resistance of the muscles to passive motion and display extreme stiffness in affected limbs. > Tremor Uncontrollable shaking, interfering with coordination. Marked by rythmic, uncontrollable movements or trembling of the body or limbs. > Mixed type A child’s impairments can fall into both categories, spastic and non-spastic, referred to as mixed cerebral palsy. The most common form of mixed cerebral palsy involves some limbs affected by spasticity and others by athetosis.. SPINA BIFIDA A type of birth defect called a neural tube defect. It occurs when the bones of the spine (vertebrae) don't form properly around part of the baby's spinal cord. As a result, a portion of the spinal cord and the nerves that normally control muscles and feeling in the lower part of the body fail to develop. Spina bifida can be mild or severe SPINAL CORD INJURY These are results of accidents. Injury in the spinal column is generally described by letters and numbers indicating the site of the damage. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY This is commonly caused by injuries to the head as results from automobile, motorcycle and bicycle accidents, falls, assaults, gunshots, wounds and child abuse. Temporary or lasting symptoms may include cognitive and language deficits, memory loss, seizures and perceptual disorders. video links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_wIDm1_ax4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LToN1mpSimwTRANSCRIPT
Physical Disabilities, Health Impairment and
Severe Disabilities
By:Russelle Mae L. Balones
CEREBRAL PALSY
• The disturbance of voluntary motor functions that may include paralysis, extreme weakness, lack of coordination, involuntary convulsions and other motor disorders.
• A long term condition resulting from a lesion to the brain or an abnormality of brain growth.
Specific Types of CEREBRAL PALSY
• Hypertonia• Hypotonia• Athetosis• Ataxia• Rigidity• Tremor• Mixed type
HYPERTONIA(spasticity)
This is characterized by tense,
contracted muscles and the
movements mat be jerky,
exaggerated and poorly
coordinated.
Deformities of the spine, hip
dislocation and contractures of
the hand, elbow, foot, and
knee are common.
HYPERTONIA(SPASTICITY)
HYPOTONIA(floppy muscle
syndrome)
• poor muscle tone particularly
in the neck and trunk
• usually detected at birth or
during infancy
• a child with hypotonia has
low level of motor activity,
slow to make balancing
responses and may not walk
until 30 months of age.
ATHETOSIS
• slow, worm-like involuntary,
uncontrollable and purposeless
movements
• a child with this condition
may not be able to control the
muscles of the tongue, throat,
and may drool so there is
difficulty in oral language.
ATHETOSIS
ATAXIA
Poor coordination and
unsteadiness due to the brain's
failure to regulate the body's
posture and regulate the
strength and direction of limb
movements.
It is a disturbance of balance
and equilibrium resulting in a
gait like that of a drunken
person when walking and may
fall easily if not supported.
CEREBRAL PALSY
RIGIDITY TREMOR
• The quality or
state of stiffness
or inflexibility.
• The marked
resistance of the
muscles to passive
motion and display
extreme stiffness
in affected limbs.
• Uncontrollable
shaking, interfering
with coordination.
• Marked by rythmic,
uncontrollable
movements or
trembling of the
body or limbs.
• A child’s impairments
can fall into both
categories, spastic and
non-spastic, referred to
as mixed cerebral
palsy. The most
common form of mixed
cerebral palsy involves
some limbs affected by
spasticity and others
by athetosis..
MIXED TYPE
SPINA BIFIDA
A type of birth defect called a
neural tube defect. It occurs
when the bones of the spine
(vertebrae) don't form properly
around part of the baby's
spinal cord.
As a result, a portion of the
spinal cord and the nerves that
normally control muscles and
feeling in the lower part of the
body fail to develop.
Spina bifida can be mild or
severe.
SPINAL CORD INJURIES
• These are results of
accidents.
• Injury in the spinal
column is generally
described by letters
and numbers
indicating the site of
the damage.
TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
• This is commonly caused by
injuries to the head as results
from automobile, motorcycle and
bicycle accidents, falls, assaults,
gunshots, wounds and child
abuse.
• Temporary or lasting symptoms
may include cognitive and
language deficits, memory loss,
seizures and perceptual
disorders.