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CERN’s Ultra High Vacuum Flat Plate Solar Collector (UHVFPC)(UHVFPC)

Markets and Applications

Bjørnulf Lande, João Santos, João NunesExternal TT Network, 4th November 2008

Outline

Solar Thermal Technologies

Market

Energy Market

Solar Thermal Market

Overview of Applications

Domestic Water Heating

Space Heating & Cooling

Swimming Pool Heating

Industrial Processes

Desalination

Electricity Production

Conclusions

Technology Transfer

2External TT Network Meeting 4th November

2


CurrentFPC – Flat Plate Collectors (Glazed or Unglazed);

(max temp 100ºC; uses diffuse light; can have mirrors)

EFPC – Evacuated Flat Plate Collectors (with or without low conductivity gases); (max temp 180ºC uses diffuse light; can have mirrors)gases); (max temp 180 C, uses diffuse light; can have mirrors)

ETC – Evacuated Tube Collectors;

(max temp 300ºC; does not use diffuse light; can have mirrors)(max temp 300 C; does not use diffuse light; can have mirrors)

PTC – Parabolic Trough Collectors;

(max temp 550ºC; does not use diffuse light; must have mirrors)(max temp 550 C; does not use diffuse light; must have mirrors)

InnovationInnovationUltra High Vacuum Flat Plate Collector

(max temp 350ºC; use diffuse light; can have mirrors)

Technology Transfer

(max temp 350 C; use diffuse light; can have mirrors)

External TT Network Meeting 4th November

Ultra High Vacuum Flat Plate Collectors – Key Characteristics

Reaches Higher Temperatures than normal panels;(U 4 0ºC i h f i i )(Up to 450ºC with focusing mirrors)

Use of diffuse light;(Higher efficiency and broader area of possible use)

Combines the benefits of vacuum with flat plate panels;p p ;(Flat panels are better suited for roof applications – easier to install)

Production costs are comparable to standard flat panels in terms of energy output;Production costs are comparable to standard flat panels in terms of energy output;(Evacuated Tube Collectors have much higher production costs in terms of energy output)

Lifetime;Lifetime; (20 years, possibly more)

Technology Transfer


Outline


Market

Energy Market







Desalination


Conclusions

Technology Transfer


Energy Market – World Trend

World Energy use is growing dramatically

FromFrom 20002000 toto 20602060 worldwideworldwide energyenergy consumptionconsumptionwillwill riserise byby moremore thanthan 140140%% Source: SHELL

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willwill riserise byby moremore thanthan 140140%%.. Source: SHELL


Population Projections: United Nations “Long-Range WorldPopulation Projections: Based on the 1998 Revision”Energy Projections: “Global Energy Perspectives” ITASA / WEC

Energy Market - Breakdown of EU Consumption

European Energy Consumption

Electricity represents only a small shareof the total European Energy Consumption; 20%

p

p gy p ;

Heating & Cooling accounts for about halfof the total EU Energy Consumption;

Electricity

49% H ti & C li

From the 49% of Heating, about 80% usestemperatures below 250ºC that can be

31% Transport

Heating & Cooling(Water & Space)

provided by solar thermal systems;Transport

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Source: ESTTP (European Solar Thermal Technology Platform)


Energy Market – Residential Building Consumption

Energy Consumption in European Residential Buildings

200 million buildings inEU 25 account for

7%13 %

Other uses

ElectricityEU-25 account forabout 40% of totalenergy consumption.

60% 20% WaterHeatinggSpaceHeating

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Source: “Heating energy consumption and resulting environmental impacts ofEuropean apartment buildings” by Constantinos A. Balaras et al.


Outline


Market

Energy Market







Desalination


Conclusions

Technology Transfer


Solar Thermal Market – Current Status

EU27 + CH market statistics in 2007

Total in Operation15.4 GWth 22 x 106 m2

Newly Installed Capacity1 9 GW 2 7 106 21.9 GWth 2.7 x 106 m2

The European solar thermal market is showing a fast growth in newly installedcapacity.

From 1998 to 2007, total newly installed capacity in EU27+CH has tripled.

Despite the decrease of 9% in the total market in 2007, the market is expected tocontinue to grow.

Note: ESTIF considers that in average 1 m2 of panels produce 0 7 kW

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Note: ESTIF considers that, in average, 1 m2 of panels produce 0,7 kWth

Source: ESTIF (European Solar Thermal Industry Federation)External TT Network Meeting 4th November

Solar Thermal Market – EU Newly Installed Capacity

In 2007 from the total ofIn 2007, from the total of 1.9 GWth of the newly

installed capacity in EUinstalled capacity in EU

Germany was the market leaderaccounting for 35%;accounting for 35%;

Greece, Austria, Spain, France andItaly each have approximately 10%;Italy each have approximately 10%;

These 6 countries hold 83% of total newly installed capacity;

Technology Transfer

11Source: ESTIF (European Solar Thermal Industry Federation)External TT Network Meeting 4th November

Solar Thermal Market - Differences between North and South in EU

Contrary to what would be expected, both the total number of solar panels in operation and the newly installed capacity are bigger for northern countriesp y p y gg

Newly Installed Capacity10%

In Operation10%

43%34%34%

90%90%57% 66%

Countries with less than the average European solar irradiance are considered to be Northern;Northern countries;

Southern countries;Notes:

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irradiance are considered to be Northern;


Solar Thermal Market - Market Share of Different Solar Technologies

Flat plate collectors currentlydominate the European marketrepresenting 90% of the newly installed

From the vacuum collectors installed (whichrepresent 10% of total glazed panels installed),the northern EU countries account for ¾ ofrepresenting 90% of the newly installed

capacity in EU27 + CH;the northern EU countries account for ¾ ofthe total vacuum collectors newly installedcapacity;

Glazed Panels Market Division10%Market Distribution of Newly

Installed Vacuum Collectors%10%

28%

72%90%

Study incident on 97% of the t t l k t EU27 CHFlat Plate Collectors

Vacuum Tube CollectorsNorthern CountriesSouthern Countries

Notes:

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total market EU27 + CHFlat Plate Collectors Northern CountriesNotes:


Solar Thermal Market - Actors in EU

Examples of industrial actors already activeG S i UK It l A t i D k P t lGermany

(≈ 150 actors)Spain UK Italy Austria Denmark Portugal

(≈ 30 actors)

Bosch T t h i k

Solco Europe CPV Ltd. Ati di Mariani & Conergy Velux A/S Ao Sol –E iTermotechnink

Vaillant GmbH

Paradigma Energie

Zytec Solar

Isofotón

Fieldway Ltd

Filsol Ltd.

c.s.n.c

Hermann S.r.l.

Solar Systems

Ing. Aigner

Conness Energieberatungs

Energias Renovaveis, LDA.

DigalParadigma Energie-

Wagner & Co.

WESTFA GmbH

Abasol

Aiguasol

Thermomax Ltd.

Sudwel Solar

Solar Systems S.p.a

Energieberatungs

Feistrizwerke Steweag GmbH

Digal

Caupel

Alsolar

KBB Kollektorbau

Solarhaart

Ltd.Hiperclima

Solar thermal is still a young marketTechnology Transfer


Solar Thermal Market - Key Drivers

Global Market Drivers for IndustryEnergy

Serial commoditizationForces Shifting Toward Cleantech Serial commoditizationGeopolitics of fossil fuel resource use:

petroleum, natural gas,coal,etc.Energy costs and feedstock price volatility

Forces Shifting Toward Cleantech

Unsustainable land and resource utilizationThreats to biodiversity gy p y

Regulations for product use and disclosureRegulatory control of toxic emissions (air,

water, soil)Demands of Socially and Environmentally

yClimate change risk managementMarket forces going “greener”Regulatory requirements support Clean TechGlobal treaties mo ing be ond K oto Demands of Socially and Environmentally

ResponsibleInvestment (SRI) communityMarket, Risk and Regulatory factors for

Global treaties moving beyond KyotoFiscal policiesEmissions trading markets expandingThe “Hydrogen Economy”: strategy in , g y

changeGlobalization – Cost and Supply. The

China Syndrome + India

y g y gytransition

As the market is becoming mature, the focus is expected to shift from political factors, towards industrial and product related aspects.

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1515

AMA research, European Solar Thermal Industry Forum,Conergy GmbH and Asociación Solar de la Industria TérmicaSource:


Solar Thermal Market - Cost Reduction ForecastMass Production;Technological Advances;2 main factors are considered to bring the price down:

Factors that might justify this gap in the growth:this gap in the growth:

The increase of raw materials prices;

Behaviour of oil prices;

M k t i tiIn 2008, 15.4 GWthMarket inertia; 15.4 GWth

According to the chart, the total market should have an installed capacity of 20GWth. However, in 2008, it is only 15.4 GWth

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Source: ESTTP (European Solar Thermal Technology Platform)

008, t s o y 5 G th


Solar Thermal Market – EU Market Forecasts

According to ESTTP, in 2006,

Domestic Water Heating was 8% supplied by solar,Space Heating and Cooling was even a smaller percentage.

According to ESTTP, by 2030,

Solar thermal energy systems could, at least, provide up to 50% of the low temperature heating and cooling demand.

This Implies a vast Market Potential for Solar ThermalThis Implies a vast Market Potential for Solar Thermal

ESTTP:ESTTP: ““The house energy supply sector will shiftThe house energy supply sector will shift to mainly solar thermalto mainly solar thermal by 2030 ”by 2030 ”ESTTP:ESTTP: The house energy supply sector will shift The house energy supply sector will shift to mainly solar thermal to mainly solar thermal by 2030.by 2030.

ESTIF:ESTIF: ““Solar thermal heating for domestic hot water is Solar thermal heating for domestic hot water is already the already the fastest growing renewable technologyfastest growing renewable technology across Europe.across Europe.””

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Source: ESTTP (European Solar Thermal Technology Platform)ESTIF (European Solar Thermal Industry Federation)

yy g g gyg g gy pp


Outline


Market

Energy Market







Desalination


Conclusions

Technology Transfer


Overview of Possible Applications of Solar Thermal TechnologyLow Temperature Systems: (up to 50ºC)

Swimming pools;Agricultural purposes;

Medium Temperature Systems: (up to 120ºC)

Domestic Hot Water - The Most Common Solar Application;

Space Heating - The Biggest Potential Solar Thermal

High Temperature Systems: (above 120 ºC)

Space Heating The Biggest Potential Solar Thermal Market (combined with Space Cooling);

Industrial Processes (Ex: Drying processes);High Temperature Systems: (above 120 ºC)

Industrial Processes (Ex: Distilling and chemicalprocesses);p );Space Cooling;Electricity Production;Desalination;

Technology Transfer

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Source: http://www.solarexpert.com/heatpanel.html


Solar Thermal Technology – Overview Characteristics and Applications

Characteristics ApplicationsMax. Temp

(ºC)Diffused

lightAdaptable Integration

PoolHeating

DomesticWater

Space building Heating & Industrial

ProcessesElectricity Production(ºC) light Integration Heating Heating

gCooling Processes Production

FPC 100 Flat Plate Yes Yes Unfeasible Yes(up to 100ºC) Unfeasible

EFPC 180 Flat Plate Yes Yes Yes Yes(up to 180ºC) Unfeasible

ETC 300 (Flat Plate -possible)

Notcustomary Yes Yes Yes

(up to 300ºC) Unfeasible

PTC N N t N t Y YPTC(w/mirrors) 550 No

(Complex)Not

customaryNot

customary Yes Yes(up to 550ºC)

Yes (Ausra & Abengoa)

UHVFPC(wo/mirror) 350 Flat Plate Feasible Feasible Feasible Feasible Feasible(wo/mirror)

Legend:FPC – Flat Plate Collector

EFPC E ac ated Flat Plate Collector

Legend:Yes – There are currently applications using this technology

Not c stomar Not fo nd d ring the market assessment

Technology Transfer

EFPC – Evacuated Flat Plate Collector

ETC – Evacuated Tube Collector

PTC – Parabolic Trough Collector

UHVFPC – CERN’s Collector

Not customary – Not found during the market assessment


Outline


Market

Energy Market







Desalination


Conclusions

Technology Transfer


Solar Thermal Applications - Domestic Water Heating

Solar energy is collected by a panel which is connected by pipes to a hot waterstorage device such as a hot water cylinder.

A typical solar thermal system can supply all the hot water needed in the summerand 30% in the winter so about 70% year round for central European countriesand 30% in the winter, so about 70% year round, for central European countries.

Costs of production of panels can range between 100 and 400 Euros for this typep p g ypof application.

C t f f ll i t ith i t ll ti t d i id blCost of full equipment with installation to end users varies considerablydepending on the country and on the type of equipment. (between 1000 euros and3000 Euros).

Technology Transfer


Solar Thermal Applications - Domestic Water Heating

The choices of the end consumers are completely dependent on theavailability of brands by the installers;M f t

3 Decision Makers Considerations

availability of brands by the installers;Normally, installer are only associated with one brand supplied by a single

manufacturer;

Manufacturer

Installers avoid changing brand due to switching costs however a big pricedifference can force the installers to change;Installer

The end consumer holds the purchasing power through the choice ofinstaller;

End Consumer

Most influential decision maker is considered to be the Installer;Manufacturer & End consumer are less important in the decision making process

R&D

3%Production

52%

Distribution19%

Installation

26%

End user

€500-3000 /m2

Function in value chain:

Fraction of cost:

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2323

Fraction of cost:


Outline


Market

Energy Market







Desalination


Conclusions

Technology Transfer


Solar Thermal Applications - Space Heating & Cooling

There are proven Solar Thermal Systems that can provide hot water and space heatingfor a house more cost effectively than the systems based on fossil fuels for southerncountries;s;

According to ESTTP, Solar Thermal can cover 100% of the heating energy in newbuildings and 50% in existing buildings;g g g

The average cost for a solar combi thermal system is about €1100/kW for pumpedsystems in Central and North Europe and €600/kW for thermosiphon systems for SouthEurope. Experts claim that the price will decrease to €400/kW for the Northerncountries by 2030;

Th l d l th l di t i t h ti t (E D kThere are already proven solar thermal district heating systems (E.g.: Denmark,Ballenrup)

Solar Thermal cooling for applications of 100 kW are about 40 50% more expensiveSolar Thermal cooling for applications of 100 kW are about 40-50% more expensivethan systems fed by electric systems.

Small scale cooling systems are still undergoing developedTechnology Transfer

Small scale cooling systems are still undergoing developed.


Solar Thermal Applications - Space Heating & Cooling

Constraints

Small scale Solar Cooling is still in an early stage of development, more R&D isg y g p ,necessary to create an alternative to the existing coolers;

Although there are already proven solar thermal district heating systemsdevelopments in long term thermal energy storage systems would be of greatimportance for this market segment;

L k f kill d f i t ll ti f tLack of skilled manpower for installation of systems.

Lack of awareness by consumers

Technology Transfer


Outline


Market

Energy Market







Desalination


Conclusions

Technology Transfer


Solar Thermal Applications - Swimming Pool Heating

P l h ti i ll li h d ith Fl t Pl t P l ( i t tPool heating is normally accomplished with Flat Plate Panels (using temperatures bellow 100 °C);

The payback times between: 1,7 and 2,5 years;

System costs around $3500System costs around $3500.

Technology Transfer


OutlineSolar Thermal Technologies

Market

Energy Market


O i f A li tiOverview of Applications


Space Heating & CoolingSpace Heating & Cooling


Industrial ProcessesIndustrial Processes

Desalination

Electricity ProductionElectricity Production

Conclusions

Technology Transfer


Solar Thermal Applications - Industrial Processes

Solar Thermal energy use in industrial applications is, at the moment, veryreduced Up to 2006 there were only 85 installations working in Europe (27 MW-reduced. Up to 2006, there were only 85 installations working in Europe (27 MW38.500 m²);

There is a big potential for growth. The industrial sector represents 30% of theThere is a big potential for growth. The industrial sector represents 30% of theenergy consumption in the OECD countries (of which 67% to produce Heat and 33%for electricity);

Flat plate collectors are the most common technology in this market segment(70%), only 8 installations use evacuated tube collectors;

The major share of energy needed for industrial processes is below 250 °C.

Energy savings of 33% (in heating) were made at experimental installations in theS th E It i di t d th t i C t l d N th E iSouth Europe. It is predicted that in Central and Northern Europe savings rangebetween 20-45%.

Technology Transfer


Source: IEA (International Energy Agency)Task 33 - Solar task for industrial Processes

Solar Thermal Applications - Industrial Processes

Constraints

Energy is not the main cost driver for industry

For industrial cooling, not only upfront investments are higher than for conventionalcooling machines (2-2,5 times more) but also life cycle cost is 20% higher than thestandard price (over the lifetime of the systems);

Many industrial processes require higher temperatures than the typical solar thermalsystems for domestic hot water and space heating applications;

Lack of awareness from decision makers;

Storage is considered the most important bottleneck for the future expansion of thisStorage is considered the most important bottleneck for the future expansion of thismarket. The ideal storage capacity of 1 week to 1 month is still to be achieved in acost efficient way;

Technology Transfer


Source: ESTIF (European Solar Thermal Industry Federation)

Outline


Market

Energy Market







Desalination


Conclusions

Technology Transfer


Solar Thermal Applications - Water Desalination

I. Could the existing desalination industry make use of solar panels providing a higher temperature?solar panels providing a higher temperature?

Half of the industrial water desalination systems today arepowered using heat as energy source.

The commercial actors active today are providing water at acost 9 times more expensive that systems powered by fossilcost 9 times more expensive that systems powered by fossilfuels.

Technology Transfer


Solar Thermal Applications - Water Desalination

II. Is the price of the CERN technology competitive against other solar collectors used for desalination?against other solar collectors used for desalination?

The cost picture for solar thermal water desalination is unclear, so it is hardto specify the savings in terms of energy to perform a comparison to fossil fuels.p y g gy p p

The desalination market is still in a The desalination market is still in a very early stagevery early stage andandit is yet not able to use CERN technology for its processes.it is yet not able to use CERN technology for its processes.it is yet not able to use CERN technology for its processes.it is yet not able to use CERN technology for its processes.

Technology Transfer


Outline


Market

Energy Market







Desalination


Conclusions

Technology Transfer


Solar Thermal Applications – Electricity Production

Electricity Production is still in a very early stage

There are still very few solar thermal power plantsrunning. These plants have small capacity.running. These plants have small capacity.

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Key Market Factor is the price per kW/h

Solar Thermal Applications – Electricity Production - Examples

Parabolic Trough Collector (550ºC)(Ausra, California; Abengoa, Almeria);( g )

Tower Concentrator (900ºC)(Abengoa, Sevilha)

Dish designs (≈400ºC)(California) Ultra High

Vacuum Collector

Fresnel Reflectores (500ºC)(Australia)

Vacuum Collector (450ºC)

(SRB, Valencia)(Australia)

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Solar Thermal Applications – Electricity Production

Limitations

Both Parabolic Trough Collector and Tower Concentrator:g

Require very precise mirrors (Higher Investement & Operationcosts ).

No use of difuse light (Limited Geographical Use)

CERN’s Solar Panels does not present these limitations

Technology Transfer


Outline


Market

Energy Market







Desalination


Conclusions

Technology Transfer


Conclusions – Unique Selling Propositions (USP´s)

I. The high temperature that CERN’spanel can reach – 300ºC or up to450°C with reflective mirrors – make

III. Due to its Ultra High Vacuumthat reduce significantly thermallosses not only through convectionit ideal for the following applications:

Space heating & cooling;Electricity production;

losses not only through convectionbut also through conduction, CERN’spanel can achieve higherefficiencies than the available

High temperature industrial applications;

panels in the regions of Centraland Northern Europe

II. CERN´s panel uses both directand diffuse light to generate heat

IV. CERN’s panel is also wellsuited for roof mountedapplication once it is flat plate

(unlike evacuable tubes). This factgrants an important advantage thatmay lead to a successfulimplementation of solar thermal panels

pp ppanel.

implementation of solar thermal panelsin the Northern countries, wherediffuse light can reach 50% of thetotal light;

THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!ATTENTION!!!

Technology Transfer


cern’s ultra high vacuum flat plate solar collector (uhvfpc) … › sites › gstec › files ›...

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