certainty possiblity more test
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Certainty: How sure we are about something
Possibility: We are only making a guess, we can think of other possibilities.
DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS
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I think something is
possible at the present time
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Do you know where John is?
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Well, he must be in
the cafe…as usual
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I’m not sure, he may be in
the toilet
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No, no. He is in the
principal office…
I saw him!
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Who really knows where he is?
Peter AndrésPeter Andrés Martha Martha* Martha! She saw him. She is
sure! She is saying a statement.* The other students are just
guessing
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Where is John? Where is John?
He isis in the principal office.He must must be in the cafe He may/might/coulmay/might/couldd be in the toilet
100 % 100 % suresure
95% sure95% sure
Less than Less than 50% sure50% sure
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Have you seen? Sara is so slim
Yeah! I see.
I would like to know what her
secret is ...
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Perhaps she is sick... What do you think?
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…Well ,she looks well. She can’t be
sick.
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She mustn’t eat much fatty food
now.That’s why she has lost
weight
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I have no idea but she may not have the same lifestyle she had before.
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Oh! Shut up! You know
nothing! She is not sick at all. She got liposuction last month!
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Who really knows about Sara’s beauty secret?
Betty Melissa Katie Sandy
*Sandy! She knows the truth* The other girls are just
thinking
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Is Sara sick?She is not sick She She can’tcan’t be sick (I think it’s impossible)
She She must not must not eat much fatty food She She may not / might may not / might not not have the same have the same lifestylelifestyle
100 % 100 % suresure99% 99%
80% 80%
50%50%
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To talk about certainty and possibility in the present, we use:
Must- May - Might- Could
Can’t/ couldn’t – Mustn't – May not – Might not
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I think something is
possible in the future
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Will Julio pass the test?
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The test will be very difficult for everybody…He may pass the test but
who knows?
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He’s been studying very
hard. He should pass the test
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He’s very good student. He will
pass the test
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His classmate his mother his teacher
Who thinks that Julio will pass the test?
*the teacher! She’s making a sure prediction
* The rest of them are speculating
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Will Julio do well on the test?
He willwill do well on the test.He shouldshould /ought toought to do well on the test. (expectation)
He may/might/could may/might/could do well on the test.
100 100 % % 90%90%
50% 50%
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To talk about certainty and possibility in the future, we use:
Will- Should- May. Might- Could
Won’t – Shouldn’t – May not – Might not- Could not
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100 100 % %
suresure90% 90% suresure
-50% -50% suresure
He won’t won’t do well on the test.He shouldn ’tshouldn ’t/ought ought not to not to do well on the test. (expectation)He may not /might may not /might not /could not not /could not do well on the test.
Will Julio do well on the test?
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To be a detective _____ be a very interesting job.
I don’t know much about the things a detective does, but I
think he ___ work solving mysteries and crimes.
What I am sure about is that a detective ____ know how to use a gun to protect himself
from the criminals. This job is really dangerous
Certainty or Possibility?must
may
must
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Also a detective ______ coward.He ____________ fear the
unknown! And be very brave!Maybe this job is hard…He
_______ spend nights looking for clues.
I don’t know if I’m right or not but this job ______ be quite tiring
too.
can’tmust not
might
may
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Mary has fallen asleep.
Yesterday, at the party…
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She had been working all day at
home
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She maymay have been have been tiredShe mightmight have been have been tiredShe couldcould have been have been tired
100 %100 %95% 95%
Less Less than than 50%50%
Therefore, by the end of the day…
She was was tired
SheShe must have been must have been tired
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Read the exam carefully and choose
between option A or B
It seems that Bob is having problems to do the
exam…
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He didn’t didn’t study. For
sure!
Yeah! He can’t have can’t have studied studied otherwise he could do the exam
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Poor Bob. He mustn’t He mustn’t have hadhave had time to study
…or, he may not have may not have known known we had exam today
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He didn’t didn’t studyHe couldn’t /can’t have couldn’t /can’t have studiedHe mustn’t have mustn’t have had time
He may not /might not have may not /might not have known about the exam
John is having problems to do the test because...
100 %100 %
95% 95%
90%90%
-50%-50%
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1)A= Who was the man we saw with Anna yesterday?
B= I’m not sure. It ______________ been her brother but it’s just a guess.
2) A=I can’t find my umbrella. Have you seen it?
B= I don’t know. You _____________ left in the restaurant last night.
might have
may have
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3) A=Why didn’t Dave answer the doorbell? I’m sure he was home that time. / B= He _______________ heard the ring. It’s the most probable.
4)Watch out for that dog. It_____________ bite you.
6) I bought this box of cereal yesterday. It ____________be empty already! It’s just impossible.
may / might
can’t
must not have
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7)Sara knows a lot about movies. She ____________ go to the cinema very often.
8) The children ate all their food without complaining!
It ____________ been delicious!
must
must have
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