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Copyright 2005 Northern Power Systems1
CERTS MicroGrid SymposiumNorthern Power SystemsUpdate on Mad River MicroGrid and Related Activities
CERTS MicroGrid SymposiumNorthern Power SystemsUpdate on Mad River MicroGrid and Related Activities
June 17, 2005
Copyright 2005 Northern Power Systems2
MicroGrid Definition (NPS version)
A MicroGrid power system:• Is a local scale power system using micro source
generation scaled either by electrical or thermal output to the local system demand.
• Can serve a customer with multiple load locations, an industrial park, or a campus.
• Is designed to transfer seamlessly between connection with the local utility and isolated operation.
• Provides power reliability and power quality benefits not available from the conventional utility grid system.
• Incorporates communication/aggregation features to allow organization and control of the MicroGrid power system as a single entity.
Copyright 2005 Northern Power Systems3
MicroGrid BenefitsTo Users or Customers:• Economics
– Potential spark spread savings– Thermal energy savings when CHP employed– Potential for economic dispatch of generation assets
• Power reliability & availability– Multiple generation assets– Isolation from local grid problems
• Power quality– Local voltage control– Voltage and current harmonic improvement
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To Utilities:• Transmission and distribution support in constrained
areas.• Potential revenue from “premium power” product
offered to customers.• Potential revenue for thermal energy product in addition
to electrical energy.• Can behave as a single interruptible load.• Can behave as a single dispatchable generation
resource.
MicroGrid Benefits
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To Society:• Potential for more efficient overall fuel use than
traditional generation.• Potential for reduced emissions compared to
centralized utility system.• Ability to allow high penetration of renewable
generation.• Increased security of overall power delivery
infrastructure.
MicroGrid Benefits
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Barriers to Widespread DeploymentTechnical• Limited availability of advanced DG options that
compete economically with recip. engine generators.• Lack of available power conversion systems with
required advanced features needed to enable MicroGrid system operation.
• Need streamlined analysis tools for evaluating high penetration effects on distribution system.
• Need verified and recognized safety/protective relaying methods for both grid connected and isolated operation.
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Barriers to Widespread Deployment
Economic & Regulatory• Emerging DG technologies must achieve aggressive
commercialization and cost goals• Need interconnection standards that address
MicroGrid systems (intentional islanding)• Utility policies create barriers to market; should be
partners• No comprehensive method in place to monetize
combined benefits to users, utilities, and to society
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Northern’s Roadmap
• Continue current DG commercial activity– On site generation with CHP, including critical load support – Power reliability enhancements– Fleet monitoring and dispatch of assets
• Develop key enabling technologies for advanced DG systems– Advanced power electronics – Fleet aggregation, monitoring and dispatch software– System modeling tools
• Demonstrate MicroGrid feasibility– Lab level 75kW MicroGrid system using power electronics
based assets.– Build and test full scale, real world MicroGrid systems.
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Mad River Park MicroGrid System
• Design, install, and test MicroGrid system at Northern’s industrial park.
• System Description– 6 commercial and industrial facilities– 12 residences– Multiple generation assets
• 280kW, 100kW generator sets• 30kW microturbine(s)• Photovoltaic array
– MicroGrid isolation switch for islanded operation– Overall Energy Management system
• DOE funding support for design and commissioning phases of program
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Mad River MicroGrid One-Line
Preliminary 1-Line Diagram
Sw
NPS Old Building(Autonomous MicroGrid Member)
Commercial Customer 1(Autonomous MicroGrid Member)
MT
3 houses 2 houses 4 houses 2 houses
CommercialCustomer 3
(534)(533)
FUSE-1729
(UG219)
(1729)
(UG214)
(535)
PCC Control& Protective
Relay
GC
GC
GC
MT
Sw
PV
NPS New Building(Lead MicroGrid Member)
MT
GC
office loads
CommercialCustomer 5
N. Fayston Road residences:
WEC(7200 V)4-wire
distributionwith multi-
grounded N
Legend
Generator Control
MicroTurbine
Medium Voltage Switch
PR Protective Relay & Metering
EnergyStorage
280 kWPropaneGenset
ET Lab andinternal
microgrid
112.5 kVA3-phase
25 kVAphase C
300 kVA3-phase
500 kVA3-phase
CommercialCustomer 4
25 kVAphase B
All 3-phase utilitytransformers are wye /wye connected withgrounded neutrals
Office andshop loads
CommercialCustomer 6
112.5 kVA3-phase
75 kVAphase C
CommercialCustomer 2
10 kVA eachphase B
Power Router
Power Router
100 kWBiodieselGenset
PR
PR
Future
lighting
CriticalLoads Bus
GenBus
MadGridController
MLD
UC
UC Utility Control
(535) WEC Element Name
100 kWBiodieselGenset
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Needs Addressed by Mad River MicroGrid Project
Identified need:• Regulatory agencies and utilities lack experience base to deal with
grid connected MicroGrid systems
Program objectives to address need:• Work through regulatory and legal issues on an actual MicroGrid
system, and develop framework for future projects• Use real world project to demonstrate the operation, protection, and
control of MicroGrid power systems.• Increase overall understanding of the operation of MicroGrid systems
to enable wider market adoption
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Identified need:• Modeling and simulation methods available but little verification
against real world MicroGrid systems
Needs Addressed by Mad River MicroGrid Project
Program objectives to address need:• Develop simulation methods for streamlining the design and approval
process• Model overall MicroGrid system and its effect on the distribution
system • Verify analysis tools and modeling methods using a fully functional
MicroGrid system
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Identified need:• Current interconnection standards don’t address intentional islanding
DER systems like MicroGrids
Needs Addressed by Mad River MicroGrid Project
Program objectives to address need:• Demonstrate safety/protective relaying control methods for both grid
connected and isolated operation in cooperation with utility partner • Align work with activities of IEEE1547 intentional islanding subgroup• Provide power quality and availability benefits to the power customers
within the Mad River MicroGrid
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Technical Approach• Partner with local utility to establish operating modes and
practices, safe service protocols• Model overall distribution circuit to predict effects of MicroGrid
system • Design and install automated isolation switch in 7.2KV utility
feed to allow MicroGrid islanded operation • Install and commission DER assets
– Multiple conventional generator sets– Inverter based generation (PV, microturbines)– Provision for energy storage assets– Flexibility for changing/upgrading DER asset mix over time
• Demonstrate all defined interconnected and islanded operating modes
• Demonstrate and document system operation in full automated mode
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Mad River MicroGrid Modeling
• Developed overall distribution system model using PSCAD– Substation– Distribution lines and loads– Utility voltage regulators– MicroGrid isolation switch– MicroGrid assets & controllers
• Simulated system response under multiple operating modes– Baseline mode – match MicroGrid output to critical load needs– 0kW mode – control MicroGrid to net zero power flow at PCC– Export mode – command generators to full rated output
• Simulated operation in normal and fault conditions– Load flow in all modes of operation– Single and three phase fault response– Loss of load response
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Distribution System - Moretown Circuit
Moretown Substation:3 x 1200 kVA transformers,
3 x 150A autotransformer voltage regulator
Mad River MicroGridpower network
3 x 100A autotransformer voltage regulator
150 kVAR capacitor banks
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Simplified Distribution Circuit ModelXFMR221
3 x 1200 kVA transformer21.24 kV delta / 7.6 kV wye
REG 2223 x 150A grounded wyeautotransformer voltage
regulator
Z1
Z2
OCR9093
Z3
CAP9950 kVARper phase
wye
Z5
Z6
Z7
Z8
CAP10150 kVARper phase
wye
Z10
Z11
Z14
Z15
SS
Z16
Z20
Z21
Z23NPSnew
Z22NPSold
Z17
Z17
Z19Z18
WEC MicroGrid
REG 2123 x 100A wye
autotransformer voltageregulator
NPSGenerators
V0
Z0
Multi-grounded 4-wire distribution
B4DuxburyBranch
B9HarwoodBranch
B12Center
FaystonBranch
B13AirportRoad
Branch
Zgs
Vgs
Zmt
Customer 1Microturbine Vmt
7200 / 480 V500 kVA
7200 / 480 V
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Main,Utility : Graphs
8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
y
PWEC(kW) QWEC(kVAR)
2.600
2.650
2.700
2.750
2.800
2.850
2.900
y
Propane_EF (p.u.) Biodiesel_EF (p.u.)
0.950
0.975
1.000
1.025
1.050
1.075
1.100
y
VmadgridSS_A (rms p.u.) VmadgridSS_B (rms p.u.) VmadgridSS_C (rms p.u.)
Real & reactive power at PCC
Gen. field reg. P.u. voltage
VREG2 p.u. voltage setting
Power Export Mode – System Response
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Generator p.u. speed
Electrical torque
Generator p.u. voltage
Loss of Load Case – Center Fayston Branch
Main : Graphs
9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0
0.940
0.960
0.980
1.000
1.020
1.040
1.060
1.080
1.100
y
VNPS_A (rms p.u) VNPS_B (rms p.u) VNPS_C (rms p.u)
Main : Graphs
9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0
0.475 0.500 0.525 0.550 0.575 0.600 0.625 0.650 0.675
y
Propane_Tmech (p.u.) Propane_TelecSS (p.u.)
0.500 0.520 0.540 0.560 0.580 0.600 0.620 0.640
y
Biodiesel_Tmech (p.u.) Biodiesel_TelecSS (p.u.)
Main : Graphs
10.0 15.0
0.9900 0.9920 0.9940 0.9960 0.9980 1.0000 1.0020 1.0040 1.0060 1.0080 1.0100
y
Propane_Speed (p.u.) Biodiesel_Speed (p.u.)
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Current Mad River MicroGrid Project Status
• Local and regional approvals in place• Finalizing utility MOU • Vermont PSB Certificate of Public Good review
approval anticipated in August timeframe• Preliminary system installation underway• DER and isolation switch installation in Q3 2005• System commissioning in Q4 2005
Copyright 2005 Northern Power Systems21
Interactions and Collaborations• NREL
– Project funding support– Technical Monitor: Ben Kroposki
• State of Vermont– Public Service Board CPG review & approval
• Washington Electric Coop– Interconnecting utility
• E-Pro– Distribution system technical consulting– Environmental consulting– CPG testimony preparation
• Tarrant, Marks, & Gilles– Legal representation– Regulatory approval process support
• MicroGrid system power customers– Active commercial members, with connected DER assets– Passive commercial and residential members– All members gain power quality/reliability benefits
Copyright 2005 Northern Power Systems22
Other Related Programs
• Universal DER interconnection device– NREL/CEC support
• EnergyBridge™ energy storage system– CEC/PIER support
• CERTS microgrid test bed development
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Universal DER Interconnection Device
• Funding support through NREL/CEC Distributed Power program
• DER SWITCH project objective:– Develop a DER Utility Interface System that provides a flexible,
universal interface for connecting single or multiple DER systems to the utility
• DER SWITCH project scope:– Incorporate multiple control and power switching functions to
interconnect multiple DER assets into overall system– Minimize custom engineering and site-specific approval
processes– Applicable to DER assets with conventional generators or power
converters– Modular system for maximum flexibility, with control, power and
communication modules
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Universal DER Interconnection Device
MTR PCC SG PD L
M&D
PR
M&D
PC
LC
GEPM
M&D
PC
LC
GEPM
L
WEB
Area ElectricPower System
Flexible DER Interface System
Power Network AwareDER Asset
DER Power Network Block Diagram
MTR MeterPCC Point of common couplingSG Switch gear (Power module)PD Power distribution (Power module)PR Protective relaying (Control module)M&D Monitoring & dispatch (Comm. module)PM Prime moverGE DER GeneratorPC Power ConversionLC Local DER device controlL Loads
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EnergyBridge™ Energy Storage System
• Funding support through CEC/PIER Advanced Energy Storage program
• Ultracapacitor-based energy storage asset• Focused on short time duration
– 10s of seconds, 95% of outage cases• Multiple applications & benefits:
– Power quality support for critical loads– Support of slower response DG assets in
MicroGrids– Enables higher penetration of DG into both grid
connected and isolated grids
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Palmdale Power SystemClearwell“Critical”Loads
~400 kW
NGGenset200 kW
Diesel Back-up1000 kW
Diesel Back-up800 kW
SCE UtilityGrid
Wind Turbine950 kW
Fast Switch
Hypochlorite Treatment
175 kW
Treatment Plant Loads - 150 kW
Water Treatment Plant Loads – 495 kW
Future Loads50 kW
Ave S Booster Loads - 120 kW
Ultracapacitor EnergyBridge2 x 225 kW
225 kW 225 kW
Energy Storage Enhanced MicroGrid Network
M
PQM
PQM
PQM
ClearwellOther Loads
360+ kWHydro
250 kW
M
Copyright 2005 Northern Power Systems27
Other Related Development Activity
• Advanced power converter development– DER applications– Wind turbine applications
• SmartView™ DER energy management system
Copyright 2005 Northern Power Systems28
Advanced Power Electronics
Power converter development by NPS team• 100 kW wind turbine converter system• 15 kW MicroGrid inverter test bed• 1500 kW DDPM wind turbine converter • 2200 kW DDPM modular wind turbine converter• 850 kW DG converter• 450 kW energy storage system converter
Copyright 2005 Northern Power Systems29
DG(Diesel Genset)
480 Vac
208 Vac
480 Vac
208 Vac
480 Vac
208 VacDisconnect
Disconnect
Load LoadLoad
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5DG Inverters
Rectifiers
MicroGrid Power Network Test System
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Modular MW converter for DG & wind markets
Copyright 2005 Northern Power Systems31
SmartView® DER Management SystemNorthern system for monitoring and controlling remote power systems
Copyright 2005 Northern Power Systems32
For more information, contact:Jonathan Lynch
(802) 496-2955 ext. [email protected]
Northern Power Systems182 Mad River Park
Waitsfield, Vermont 05673 USAwww.northernpower.com