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TRANSCRIPT
Cesar Peralta & Javier Urango
INTRODUCTION:
Leonardo da Vinci was an italian renaissance
engineer, painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer.
Leonardo da vinci made many contributions in a lot of fields:
Science: Leonardo da Vinci did many researches in different scientific fields, some of them are:
• Medicine • Anatomy • Botany• Ophthalmology• Fisiology• Mechanics
Medicine: Leonardo da Vinci contributed to medicine with his studies of anatomy and ophthalmology.
- Mechanics: Leonardo da Vinci also did several contributions in the field of the mechanics. He invented and designed many machines:
• Fly machines: The hang glider, the air screw...
• War machines: The catapult, the tank...
• Other machines: The prototype of a car, a type of bicycle...
Tank
Catapult
Car
Fly Machine
- Art: he contributed to many aspects of art:
• Painting: he painted many famous pictures.
• Sculpture: he sculpted some important scultures.
• Architecture: he ìmproved the ways of drawing plans using new techniques.
Anatomy research: anatomy before da Vinci time:
- Until the renaissance, anatomy was not realistic. Anatomical drawings and models were flat and schematic.
- In the 13th century dissections of human corpses started to be made in Italy. They will be done in France some years later.
- During the 13th and 14th century surgery was unusual.
- During Leonardo da Vinci time anatomy knowledge improved considerably.
- In the 15th century, artists began to do anatomical dissections of human corpses. Some of those artists were: Verrochio, Mantegna, Miguel Ángel, Rafael, Durero and Leonardo da Vinci.
Anatomy during da Vinci time:
-Leonardo da Vinci was the main genius who contributed to anatomical drawings, studies and findings.
-He studied how the heart and the brain work and he also researched the circulatory system.
-He also studied the functions of the respiratory, digestive and cardiovascular system.
How Leonardo da Vinci expanded knowledge of human anatomy:
-Leonardo da Vinci expanded the knowledge of human anatomy with his studies:
• He studied the circulation of the blood and he discovered that the blood is always flowing.
• He studied the muscles of the heart and he made drawings of the valves.
• He also made a drawing of the female reproductive system.
Methods for mading his studies:
•Leonardo da Vinci used several methods for his studies:
- He stole corpses for dissections.
- He also made autopsies to dead bodies that were given to Leonardo.
- For his studies he also used animal bodies.
- Leonardo da Vinci obtained several conclusions after his anatomical studies:
• The spinal cord was the centre of life.
• The blood is flowing constantly through all the body carring nutrients to all its parts.
• The eye, instrument of eyesight is located in the superior whole, and in the space below it, there is a fluid which feed the root of the teeth.
Conclusions:
Leonardo da Vinci did not exhibit his drawings:
- Da Vinci´s intention was to publish these studies in an treatise on anatomy, but at the time of his death in 1519, his anatomical research had not been shown.
- As Leonardo da Vinci could not exhibit his drawings, their whereabouts were unknown and they were found recently.
Comparison with anatomical drawings: