HQ Civil Air Patrol - USAFHQ Civil Air Patrol - USAF

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

Cessna 182T NAV IIICessna 182T NAV III

KAP 140 Autopilot KAP 140 Autopilot

Mike Prusak LtCol USAF (ret)

CAP-USAF STATE DIRECTOR

CAWG

2

Overview

• Equipment overview

• Limitations

• In-flight use • Climb out• Level off - Cruise• Approach• Missed approach

• Effects of Equipment Failure

3

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Autopilot engage disengage button

•Must be pressed and held

•Turns AP on in ROL and VS mode

•Turns AP off

4

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Heading mode selector button

•Selects heading mode

•Turns airplane to to maintain heading under heading bug

•Used to switch between ROL and Heading mode

5

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Navigation mode selector button

•Automatic capture of and tracking of VOR, LOC, or GPS signals set on HSI

•Recommended for enroute navigation

6

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Approach mode selector button

•Automatic capture of and tracking of VOR, GPS, LOC and Glide slope on ILS

•Recommended for instrument approaches

7

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Back course approach mode selector button

•Automatic capture of backcourse LOC

•Response to LOC is reversed (set the front course)

•Only active when LOC freq is loaded

8

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Altitude hold mode selector button

•Toggles the AP from capture of the current altitude and VS mode

9

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Vertical speed mode buttons

•Action of button depends on mode of AP when selected•When in VS mode, momentary press will show captured VS

•Momentary cycle will change target VS by 100 ft per min

•When established at an ARMed altitude, a momentary cycle will adjust the ARMed altitude 20 ft (display will not change)

10

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Altitude Arm button

•Turns altitude arm on (ALT ARM annunciated) and off

•When armed AP will capture altitude displayed in alerter, if the current VS will direct an intercept.

•Upon capturing altitude, the AP is armed for a new altitude

11

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Barometric pressure button

•Changes altitude alerter display to baro setting.

•Large and small knobs are then used to set the desired

current barometric pressure

12

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Rotary Knobs

•Used to set the altitude alerter

•After pressing BARO button, knobs are used to set current barometric pressure

13

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Altitude Alerter/vertical speed/BARO setting display

•Displays altitude for altitude alerter. This is the ARMed altitude, chime sounds when 1000ft and 200 ft from altitude

•Shows captured or set VS after pressing UP/DN key

•Shows BARO setting after pressing BARO

14

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Pitch Trim annunciator

•Indicates direction of trim

•Flashes if trim is not satisfied in 10 seconds

•Solid PT without an arrow is an indication of a fault

15

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Autopilot engagement annunciator

•On whenever AP is on

•Flashes during pilot initiated or automatic disconnect

16

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

•Pitch (P) and Roll (R) axis annunciator

•Indicates failure of illuminated axis

•In turbulent air P may illuminate during abnormal accelerations

17

Controls and Indications

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP VS PT

3500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

ALT

Top row: Shows what is active

Bottom row: Shows what is armed

NAV

18

Limitations

• Approved for Cat 1 operation only• Airspeed 160 KIAS max, 80 KIAS min• Maximum flaps 10 degrees• Maximum lateral fuel imbalance is 90 lbs• Must be disengaged below 200 ft AGL on approach, and

below 800 ft for other phases of flight• Manually overriding AP pitch/roll is prohibited• Operation of AP is prohibited if audio panel is inop• AP must be off for T.O. and landing• AP preflight required before use of electric trim • Pilot must be strapped in left seat before AP use• De-energize AP if “PITCH TRIM” warning light illuminates

19

Preflight

• Master and Avionics Switch BUS 2 –On

• Self test good if: all elements, PT and tone come on• If Red P stays on- indicates failure

• Manual Electric Trim (MET) test1. LH trim switch - DN, off, then UP (no trim wheel movement)

2. RH trim switch - DN, off, then UP (red PT light on but no trim wheel movement)

3. Both LH and RH switch – DN and hold (Trim wheel turns)

4. Push and hold A/P DISC/TRIM INT Switch (wheel stops)

5. Release A/P DISC/TRIM INT Switch (Trim wheel turns)

6. Repeat 3-5 in switches in UP

20

Preflight continued

• BARO Setting flashing – Set current local barometer• Autopilot - Engage• Flight Controls – Move (Ensure autopilot can be overpowered• A/P DISC/TRIM Switch – Push (Autopilot disengages warning

tone heard)• Elevator Trim- Set for take off• Before Takeoff Check

• A/P DISC/TRIM Switch – Push• BARO –Set• ALTITUDE Select – Set

• If autopilot test fails the airplane may be flown if the Autopilot Circuit Breaker is opened

21

After Takeoff Climb

• Trim aircraft and set stable airspeed and climb• After 800 ft AGL and wings level, turn on AP by pressing AP button

• AP will will be in ROL and VS mode and displayed on face plate

• Momentarily press UP/DN key to display captured VS rate• AP will capture the rate at the time the AP is turned on• A high climb rate could lead to a stall• Adjust the VS rate as required by pressing UP or DN as required

• Use knobs to select level off altitude in Altitude Alerter and PFD (should be set before TO)

• Arm Altitude Alerter by pressing “ARM”• Turn PFD HSI heading bug to desired intercept heading (may be set before TO)• Press HDG button to turn to desired heading• Press PFD CDI soft key as required to select desired nav mode• Press NAV key to arm AP to capture and fly the desired course

22

Indications During After Takeoff Climb

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

ROL AP VS PT

3500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

Press AP button to turn on autopilot

ROL (roll mode) orwing level mode

VS (vertical speed)Captures rate of climb when AP was turned on

Altitude set in Altitude Alerter(Level off altitude)

23

Indications During After Takeoff Climb

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

ROL AP VS PT

500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

Momentarily pressUP or DN button

Momentarily displays thecaptured rate of climb/descent

24

Indications During After Takeoff Climb

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

ROL AP VS PT

3500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

ALT

Press ARM to arm the AP to level off at the preset “AltitudeAlerter” (level off) altitude

ALT ARM will be displayed to show the AP is armed to capture the preset altitude

Altitude Alerter (level-off) altitude

25

Indications During After Takeoff Climb

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP VS PT

3500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

ALT

Press HDG to make the AP turn to the heading under the heading bug on the HSI

Display will switch from ROL to HDGand aircraft will turn to selected heading

26

Indications During After Takeoff Climb

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP VS PT

3500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

ALT

Press NAV button to arm NAV capture

NAV

NAV ARM will be displayedshowing that the AP is armed to capture and intercept the course selected on the HSI

27

Indications During After Takeoff Climb

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

NAV AP VS PT

3500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

ALT

Indicator will change from HDG to NAV when the HIS course is captured

NAV ARM will disappear when the course is captured

28

Indications During After Takeoff Climb

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

NAV AP ALT PT

3500ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

Desired level off altitude

VS changes to ALT to show the preset altitude has been captured

ALT ARM is extinguishedwhen the preset altitude is captured

29

Level off- Cruise

• After level off, reset altitude select/altitude alerter and PFD altitude to the next desired altitude (normally the first altitude required on altitude)• ARM does not have to be reselected

• If an enroute climb or descent is required, select VS mode by pressing ALT key (Toggles the AP from capture of the current altitude and VS mode). • Use UP/DN key as needed to select the desired rate of climb .

• During a climb in the VS mode, the current altitude can be captured by pressing the ALT key regardless of what is set in the altitude select/alerter

30

Indications after Level Off

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

NAV AP ALT PT

3000ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

ALT

Set the next desired altitude(normally IAF altitude)

ALT ARM will be displayed showing the AP is armed to capture the next altitudeNote: ARM is not pressed

ALT is still displayed showing that the previous altitude is still captured

31

Indications During Descent

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP VS PT

-300ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

ALTAPR

Press ALT to toggle to VS mode

VS displayed

Press DN key to select desired rate of descent

Rate of descent momentarily displayed

32

Approach

• Select approach mode with APP key. Aids accurate capture • When the G1000 is switched from GPS navigation to NAV 1, the AP

will revert to ROL mode. (Flashing NAV or APP) Re-select APP with appropriate nav mode selected

• Non-precision approach• Set MDA in Altitude Alerter and PFD

• At FAF, select VS mode by pressing ALT key

• Select descent rate with DN key

• After leveling at Altitude Alerter altitude, MDA can be fine tuned with UP/DN key (20 ft change with each momentary press)

• ILS approach• Set DH in PFD, Pre-set missed approach alt in Altitude Alerter

• Autopilot will capture and follow the the ILS glide slope

• Disengage AP at DH

33

Indications During Approach

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP ALT PT

2995ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

ALTAPR

Press BARO to reset Altimeter setting

Attitude display switches to display the barometric pressure

Use knob to select the desired Altimeter setting

34

Indications During Approach

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

HDG AP VS PT

3000ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

ALT

HDG is used to fly holding or the “Barb” (course reversal) on a procedure turn

APP ARM will be displayed to show the AP is armed to intercept the final approach course(AP will fly tighter tolerances in APP mode)

APR

Press APP to arm the APP mode

35

Indications During Approach

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

NAV AP VS PT

3000ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

ALT

The autopilot will revert to ROL mode if the navigation source is switched (manually or automatically) from GPS to NAV1 or NAV 2 to GPS. HDG or APR mode as desired will have to be re-selected and/or armed. Note: The NAV or APR indicator will flash

36

Indications During ILS Approach

BAROARM

UP

DNAP HDG NAV APR REV ALT

P R

APR AP ALT PT

3000ALERT FT

BENDIX/KINGKAP 144

GS

The glide slope will arm as soon as the LOC final approach is captured and a valid ILS glides slope is received . At glide slope intercept, GS ARM goes out andGS replaces ALT or VS on the top line.

Note: Hold 100 KIAS minimum (recommended)

37

Missed Approach

• G1000 suspends automatic sequencing of waypoints at the missed approach, SUSP soft key is displayed

• Disconnect the AP to execute a missed approach• Press CDI soft key on PFD if required to select desired navigation

source• Nav source will normally have to be changed back to GPS to fly

procedures in G1000 • Press SUSP soft key on PFD to start sequencing of missed approach

procedure• Ensure altitude restrictions of the published missed approach are followed

before sequencing the missed approach procedure in NAV • Do not engage AP below 800ft AGL

• Set missed approach altitude into Altitude Alerter and PFD • Missed Approach altitude should already be set in Altitude Alerter during an

ILS approach

• After start of missed approach follow the same procedures as climb out

38

Effects of Equipment Failure

• Failure of Attitude Indicator – No effect• Failure of AHRS – ROL mode only• Failure of DC turn coordinator - Autopilot disengages • Failure of HSI – No heading signal so ROL mode only• Failure of Transponder pressure encoder - Altitude

alerter/preset fails• Failure if No.2 GIA 63 (integrated avionics unit) – ROL

mode only• Failure of GMA 1347 Audio Panel – No tone when AP

disengages