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CF3000 Addressable Fire Detection System Slide 2 Introduction Introduction History JSB and Menvier Acquired by Cooper Industries ~1999 / 2000 Analogue Addressable CF3000 range Started development approx 2004 Rationalisation of the legacy technology into one new platform To develop an entire single-manufacturer range Includes CF3000, DF6000, FX6000 Fire Detection Voice Evacuation, Emergency Voice Communication Systems Slide 3 Introduction Introduction Agenda Introduction Concept of Operation Control Panels Addressable Devices Networking Operation, Commissioning and Fault Finding Slide 4 Introduction Introduction Range CF3000: 1 4 loops per panel 200 devices per loop 504 loops max per 126 panel network CF1100/1200: 1 2 loops per panel 200 devices per loop 252 loops max per 126 panel network 1-4LP: CF3000 / DF6000 / FX6000 1LP: CF1100 / DF6100 / FX6100 2LP: CF1200 / DF6200 / FX6200 Slide 5 Introduction Introduction Key Features UL and EN54 Certification 1, 2 or 4 loops per panel 200 addresses per loop Max 512 detection devices per panel for EN54 Recommended 150 devices per loop for practical application Software Allocated Addressing Optional hard addressing via CF800PROG Network up to 126 panels (504 or 252 max) 96 Zone LED indication 250 Zones per panel in configuration software Slide 6 Introduction Introduction System Schematic Slide 7 Concept of Operation Autolearn Complete interrogation and reallocation of loop devices, addresses and config Soft Address: in loop order, spurs first then ongoing loop Hard Address: pre-programmed with CF800PROG Replace Device Direct replacement of an existing device on an operational system Delete Device Removing an existing device from an operational system Add Device Adding a new device to an operational system Check Auto Config Loop connectivity check Loop status interrogation and fault reporting Intermittent Fault Search Reduces fault tolerance to identify any corrupted/intermittent devices Slide 8 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Autolearn Complete interrogation and reallocation of loop devices, addresses and config Start with loop return disconnnected Slide 9 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 001Panel>>>>All isolators O/C Slide 10 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 002Panel>>>>Request device type 001Panel>>>>All isolators O/C Slide 11 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 003Device>>>Device type = Sounder 002Panel>>>>Request device type 001Panel>>>>All isolators O/C Slide 12 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 004Panel>>>>Request device status 003Device>>>Device type = Sounder 002Panel>>>>Request device type 001Panel>>>>All isolators O/C Slide 13 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 005Device>>>Status = OK 004Panel>>>>Request device status 003Device>>>Device type = Sounder 002Panel>>>>Request device type 001Panel>>>>All isolators O/C Slide 14 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 006Panel>>>>Request device address 005Device>>>Status = OK 004Panel>>>>Request device status 003Device>>>Device type = Sounder 002Panel>>>>Request device type 001Panel>>>>All isolators O/C Slide 15 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 007Device>>>Address = 254??? 006Panel>>>>Request device address 005Device>>>Status = OK 004Panel>>>>Request device status 003Device>>>Device type = Sounder 002Panel>>>>Request device type Slide 16 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 008Panel>>>>New address = 001 007Device>>>Address = 254 006Panel>>>>Request device address 005Device>>>Status = OK 004Panel>>>>Request device status 003Device>>>Device type = Sounder 1 Slide 17 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 009Panel>>>>Close isolator 008Panel>>>>New address = 001 007Device>>>Address = 254 006Panel>>>>Request device address 005Device>>>Status = OK 004Panel>>>>Request device status 1 Slide 18 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 010Panel>>>>Request device type 009Panel>>>>Close isolator 008Panel>>>>New address = 001 007Device>>>Address = 254 006Panel>>>>Request device address 005Device>>>Status = OK 1 Slide 19 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 011Device>>>Device type = Optical Detector 010Panel>>>>Request device type 009Panel>>>>Close isolator 008Panel>>>>New address = 001 007Device>>>Address = 254 006Panel>>>>Request device address 1 Slide 20 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 012Panel>>>>Request device status 011Device>>>Device type = Optical Detector 010Panel>>>>Request device type 009Panel>>>>Close isolator 008Panel>>>>New address = 001 007Device>>>Address = 254 1 Slide 21 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 013Device>>>Status = OK, Analogue value = 20??? 012Panel>>>>Request device status 011Device>>>Device type = Optical Detector 010Panel>>>>Request device type 009Panel>>>>Close isolator 008Panel>>>>New address = 001 1 Slide 22 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 014Panel>>>>Request device address 013Device>>>Status = OK 012Panel>>>>Request device status 011Device>>>Device type = Optical Detector 010Panel>>>>Request device type 009Panel>>>>Close isolator 1 Slide 23 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 015Device>>>Address = 254??? 014Panel>>>>Request device address 013Device>>>Status = OK 012Panel>>>>Request device status 011Device>>>Device type = Optical Detector 010Panel>>>>Request device type 1 Slide 24 Concept of Operation 016Panel>>>>New address = 002 015Device>>>Address = 254 014Panel>>>>Request device address 013Device>>>Status = OK 012Panel>>>>Request device status 011Device>>>Device type = Optical Detector 1 2 Slide 25 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation 017Panel>>>>Close isolator 016Panel>>>>New address = 002 015Device>>>Address = 254 014Panel>>>>Request device address 013Device>>>Status = OK 012Panel>>>>Request device status 1 2 Slide 26 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Repeated for next device, 1 2 3 Slide 27 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Etc, 1 2 34 Slide 28 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Etc, 1 2 345,6 Slide 29 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Etc, 1 2 34 7 5,6 Slide 30 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Etc, 1 2 34 7 8 5,6 Slide 31 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Etc, until all devices identified 1 34 7 89,10 5,6 2 Slide 32 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Re-connect loop return cable 1 34 7 89,10 5,6 2 Slide 33 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Autolearn with Spur Circuits when spur isolators are encountered on the loop, the spur circuit is addressed first, then the loop addressing is continued 1 2 345 78 9 5,6 Slide 34 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Autolearn with Spur Circuits Spur isolators have no address or communications capability 1 2 345,6 78 9 10 1112,1314 Slide 35 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Autolearn with Spur Circuits The last device must have an address, ie, it cannot be a spur isolator 1 2 345,6 10 78 9 1112,1314 1516,17 Slide 36 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Replace Device Direct replacement of an existing device on an operational system Replacement with the same device type only ONE by ONE 1 2 345 6 78 254 OLD NEW Slide 37 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Replace Device Physically replace the device with a new one (default address 254) 1 2 345 78 6 254 OLD NEW Slide 38 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Replace Device Then select Replace Device option at Control Panel Replacement device is identified and address reallocated Discard old device 1 2 345 6 78 6 OLD NEW DISCARD Slide 39 Concept of Operation Add Device Add a new device to an operational system ONE by ONE 1 2 345 67 254 NEW Slide 40 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Add Device Physically add the new device (default address 254) Then select Add Device option at panel New device identified and the lowest unused address allocated 1 2 345 67 254 8 NEW Slide 41 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Add Device Allocate the device to a zone Enter the device description text Allocate any relevant device settings 1 2 345 67 8 NEW Slide 42 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Delete Device Removing an existing device from an operational system ONE by ONE Do not delete Loop 1 Device 1 1 2 345 78 6 Slide 43 Concept of Operation Concept of Operation Delete Device Select Delete Device option at panel Then physically remove device (address returned to default 254) 1 2 345 78 254 Slide 44 Standby Power Integrated Power Supply Unit Loop and Standby Calculator inbuilt in Site Installer software CF3000 Standard Housing 24V 12Ah capacity Deep Housing 24V 24Ah capacity CF1100/1200 Standard Housing 24V 7Ah capacity Control Panels Control Panels Slide 45 Optional Protective Cover Suitable for CF3000 Lockable clear cover Prevents unauthorised access Inbuilt SCROLL and MUTE BUZZER buttons May be retro-fitted at a later date Use with Screen Cover menu mode Control Panels Control Panels Slide 46 Optional Integral Printer Suitable for CF3000 Lockable printer door Self loading Drop-In paper cradle Removable blanking plug for retro-fit Control Panels Control Panels Slide 47 Circuit Connections CF3000 Control Panels Control Panels 12V 24V Slide 48 Circuit Connections CF1100 / CF1200 Control Panels Control Panels 12V START LOOP END LOOP Slide 49 False Alarm Reduction: Alarm Investigation Delay T1/T2 timers User acknowledgment of alarm condition Allows a further investigation time 1: Acknowledgement Delay 3 minutes max All outputs or FRE only are delayed 2: Investigation Delay 10 minutes max Full activation at end of delay Activates according to programmed settings Control Panels Slide 50 False Alarm Reduction: Alarm Verification Delay Filter out transient alarms Reduces disruption from nuisance alarms Select zones as required 1: Verification Stage EN: 15 or 30 seconds verification delay UL: 60 seconds verification delay 2: Full Alarm Full activation if smoke remains at end of delay Activates according to programmed settings Control Panels Slide 51 False Alarm Reduction: HMO Mode Housing in Multiple Occupation Reduces disruption from nuisance alarms Compliant with BS5839 Pt 6 1: Verification Stage Indication at Control Panel and Zonal sounders 1 5 minutes time delay Auto Reset if smoke clears within delay 2: Full Alarm Full activation if smoke remains at end of delay Activates according to programmed settings Control Panels Slide 52 False Alarm Reduction: Day Night Mode Reduced Sensitivity in DAY period Optical Smoke: No change Opto-Thermal: Smoke off, heat only Heat: RofR > Hi Fixed, Hi Fixed > RofR, Med Fixed > no change Configuration Select device DAY/NIGHT setting with PC Trigger from Input Module set to DAY/NIGHT Operates over loop pairs 1-2, 3-4 Control Panels Slide 53 Repeater Panels Repeater Panels Range CF3000 PRG: LCD Loop repeater CF3000 PRGNC: LCD Network repeater CTPR3000: Touch Screen Network repeater Slide 54 Repeater Panels Repeater Panels Repeater Connection Schematic ~ TOUCH SCREEN NETWORK REPEATER NC ~ ~ COOPER FIRE NETWORK CF3000 LCD NETWORK REPEATER ~ ADDRESSABLE LOOP CIRCUIT LCD LOOP REPEATER NC Slide 55 Standard Repeater Panel Loop: stores and displays text only for its own panel Network: automatically receives text for entire system (/NC) LCD display Passive or Active: Silence, Evacuate and Reset controls LOOP: CF3000PRG / DF6000PR / FX6000PR NETWORK: CF3000PRGNC / DF6000PRNC / FX6000PRNC Repeater Panels Slide 56 Touch Screen Repeater Panel Network: automatically receives text for entire system Touch screen display Passive or Active: Silence, Evacuate and Reset controls Programmable Input: Fire, pre-alarm, fault, silence, reset, evacuate Custom Text CTPR3000 Repeater Panels Slide 57 Address Allocation Software Allocated Addressing By control panel AUTOLEARN Hardware Allocated Addressing By CF800PROG handheld programmer PRE ADDRESSED AUTOLEARN Programmer will also interrogate analogue value Addressable Devices Slide 58 Loop Loading 60 Sounder Outputs + 60 I/O modules = 120 Outputs per loop maximum 200 addresses per loop inc Input and Output devices Addressable Devices 60 x Sdr, MCOM-S, 20 x 3IO, MCIM, MCIN-NF, MCIM-(input), MCOM, MCOM-R, MIO324, MIO324S, CMIO1240, CSC354 30 x ZMU, MIU 6 x MIO324T = 20 x 3/10 = 60 x Sdr Lo Slide 59 Automatic Detection CAP320: Optical Smoke Detector Optical scatter CAPT340: Multi Criteria Opto-Thermal Smoke Detector Thermally enhanced optical scatter Rate of rise - (A1S characteristic 60 o C) CAH330: Multi-mode Heat Detector Rate of rise - (A1R characteristic 60 o C) Med Fixed temp - (BS medium characteristic 77 o C) Low Fixed temp - (CS high temperature characteristic 92 o C) All Devices Inbuilt S/C isolator Software or hardware allocated addressing LED 360 o viewing angle Optical chamber monitoring and drift compensation Addressable Devices OPT SM: CAP320 / MAP820 / FXN723 OPT TH SM: CAPT340 / MAOH850 / FXN722 HT: CAH330 / MAH830 / FXN725 BASE: CAB300 / MAB800 / FXN720 Slide 60 Optical Smoke Detector Optical scatter smoke detection Analogue threshold compensation Pre Alarm warning Analogue value available for analysis Inbuilt S/C Isolator Software allocated addressing by panel Hardware allocated addressing by CF800PROG Remote LED capability Loop Loading 200 max Subject to Loop Calculation CAP320 / MAP820 / FXN723 Addressable Devices Slide 61 Multi Criteria Opto-Thermal Smoke Detector Thermally enhanced optical scatter smoke detection Analogue threshold compensation Pre Alarm warning Analogue value available for analysis Also independently Rate of rise - (A1S characteristic 60 o C) Inbuilt S/C Isolator Software allocated addressing by panel Hardware allocated addressing by CF800PROG Remote LED capability Day/Night mode Loop Loading 200 max Subject to Loop Calculation CAPT340 / MAOH850 / FXN722 Addressable Devices Slide 62 Multi Function Heat Detector Thermistor based heat Detection Rate of Rise 60 o C : A1R Med Fixed 77 o C: BS High Fixed 92 o C: CS Panel control of sensitivity Inbuilt S/C Isolator Software allocated addressing by panel Hardware allocated addressing by CF800PROG Remote LED capability Day/Night mode Loop Loading 200 max Subject to Loop Calculation CAH330 / MAH830 / FXN725 Addressable Devices Slide 63 Detector Base Shorting switch gives loop continuity on detector removal Cable Screen termination point Continuity: Not EARTH connection Optional Locking Pin Keep cable tidy, no room for excess +VE -V OUT SCR INCOMING LOOP FEED CABLE OUTGOING LOOP LOAD CABLE NOTE: DO NOT CONNECT THE CABLE SCREEN TO AN EXTERNAL EARTH OR METAL BACKBOX, IT IS A THROUGH CONNECTION ONLY. TAPE BINDING LIVE END MARKING -V IN LED -V LOOP CONTINUITY SWITCH Addressable Devices Slide 64 Detector Base Connections +VE -V OUT SCREEN INCOMING LOOP FEED CABLE OUTGOING LOOP LOAD CABLE NOTE: DO NOT CONNECT THE CABLE SCREEN TO AN EXTERNAL EARTH OR METAL BACKBOX, IT IS A THROUGH CONNECTION ONLY. TAPE BINDING LIVE END MARKING -V IN LED -V LOOP CONTINUITY SWITCH Slide 65 Manual Call Point Inbuilt S/C Isolator Software allocated addressing by panel Hardware allocated addressing by CF800PROG Optional weatherproof IP66 version Loop Loading 200 max Subject to Loop Calculation INCOMING LOOP FEED CABLE OUTGOING LOOP LOAD CABLE NOTE: DO NOT CONNECT THE CABLE SCREEN TO AN EXTERNAL EARTH OR METAL BACKBOX, IT IS A THROUGH CONNECTION ONLY. TAPE BINDING LIVE END MARKING Addressable Devices MCP: CBG370S / MBG813 / FXN501 MCP WP: CBG370WP / MBG817 / FXN503 Slide 66 Manual Call Point Inbuilt S/C Isolator Software allocated addressing by panel Hardware allocated addressing by CF800PROG Key operated testing Options Surface / flush Weatherproof IP66 Accessories Replacement glass or Resettable Element Hinged protective cover Bezel Loop Loading 200 max Subject to Loop Calculation MCP: CBG370S / MBG813 / FXN501 MCP WP: CBG370WP / MBG817 / FXN503 Addressable Devices Slide 67 Manual Call Point Rear Cable Screen termination point Continuity: Not EARTH connection INCOMING LOOP FEED CABLE OUTGOING LOOP LOAD CABLE NOTE: DO NOT CONNECT THE CABLE SCREEN TO AN EXTERNAL EARTH OR METAL BACKBOX, IT IS A THROUGH CONNECTION ONLY. TAPE BINDING LIVE END MARKING Addressable Devices Slide 68 Manual Call Point Connections INCOMING LOOP FEED CABLE OUTGOING LOOP LOAD CABLE NOTE: DO NOT CONNECT THE CABLE SCREEN TO AN EXTERNAL EARTH OR METAL BACKBOX, IT IS A THROUGH CONNECTION ONLY. TAPE BINDING LIVE END MARKING Addressable Devices Slide 69 Loop powered wall-mount sounders / beacons 3 volume settings (controlled by panel) 3 alarm tones (controlled by panel) Continuous 984Hz Two Tone 644 / 984Hz @ 1Hz cycle Slow whoop 500-1200Hz in 3.5 seconds / 0.5secs gap All tones may be pulsed at 984 / 0Hz pulse 1Hz Options Weatherproof IP65 Loop Loading Low Volume exc beacon = 60 max Subject to Loop Calculation; IMPORTANT SDR: CAS381 / MAS850LPS / FXN538LPS SDR BCN: CASB383 / MASB860 SDR WP: CAS381WP / MAS850LPSWP / FXN538LPSWP SDR BCN WP: CASB383WP / MASB860WP BCN: CAS382 / MAB870 / FXN338BCN Addressable Devices SettingSounderSounder / BeaconTolerance Low87dB92 dB+/- 3dB Medium93dB97 dB+/- 3dB High100dB +/- 3dB Slide 70 Sounder Rear Inbuilt S/C Isolator Software allocated addressing by panel Hardware allocated addressing by CF800PROG Cable Screen termination point Continuity: Not EARTH connection Addressable Devices INCOMING LOOP FEED CABLE OUTGOING LOOP LOAD CABLE NOTE: DO NOT CONNECT THE CABLE SCREEN TO AN EXTERNAL EARTH OR METAL BACKBOX, IT IS A THROUGH CONNECTION ONLY. TAPE BINDING LIVE END MARKING Slide 71 Addressable Devices Sounder Connections INCOMING LOOP FEED CABLE OUTGOING LOOP LOAD CABLE NOTE: DO NOT CONNECT THE CABLE SCREEN TO AN EXTERNAL EARTH OR METAL BACKBOX, IT IS A THROUGH CONNECTION ONLY. TAPE BINDING LIVE END MARKING Slide 72 Loop powered base mounted sounders / beacons 3 volume settings (controlled by panel) 3 tones (controlled by panel) Continuous 984Hz Two Tone 644 / 984Hz @ 1Hz cycle Slow whoop 500-1200Hz in 3.5 seconds / 0.5secs gap All tones may be pulsed at 984 / 0Hz pulse 1Hz Options Blanking Cover Loop Loading Low Volume exc beacon = 60 max Subject to Loop Calculation: IMPORTANT SDR: CAS380 / MAS850 / FXN538LBS SDR BCN: CASBB384 / MASB870 Addressable Devices SettingSounderSounder / BeaconTolerance Low84dB77 dB+/- 3dB Medium92dB89 dB+/- 3dB High95dB90 dB+/- 3dB Slide 73 Sounder Base Inbuilt S/C Isolator Software allocated addressing by panel Hardware allocated addressing by CF800PROG Sounder addressed before detector Shorting switch gives loop continuity on detector removal Cable Screen termination point Continuity: Not EARTH connection Keep cable tidy, no room for excess Addressable Devices + - OUT IN LOOP SCR INCOMING LOOP FEED CABLE OUTGOING LOOP LOAD CABLE NOTE: DO NOT CONNECT THE CABLE SCREEN TO AN EXTERNAL EARTH OR METAL BACKBOX, IT IS A THROUGH CONNECTION ONLY. TAPE BINDING LIVE END MARKING LED -V LOOP CONTINUITY SWITCH Slide 74 Addressable Devices Sounder Base Connections + - OUT IN LOOP SCREEN INCOMING LOOP FEED CABLE OUTGOING LOOP LOAD CABLE NOTE: DO NOT CONNECT THE CABLE SCREEN TO AN EXTERNAL EARTH OR METAL BACKBOX, IT IS A THROUGH CONNECTION ONLY. TAPE BINDING LIVE END MARKING LED 0V LOOP CONTINUITY SWITCH Slide 75 Miniature Interface Module Range Miniature Input Module MCIMstandard 3CH I/O MCIM-Cmcp MCIM-NFnon-fire MCIM-INPUTI/P Miniature Output Module MCOMstandard MCOM-Ssounder type MCOM-Rpulse on reset Miniature Zone Monitor Module MIU872standard Inbuilt S/C Isolator Software allocated addressing by panel Hardware allocated addressing by CF800PROG Addressable Devices Slide 76 Miniature Input Module 1 x monitored input Options MCIM = Identified as 3 CH I/0 MCIM-C = Identified as MCP MCIM-NF = Non-fire I/P MCIM-(input) = Identified as I/P Loop Loading MCIM = 20 max MCIM-C = 200 max MCIM-NF = 20 max MCIM-(input) = 200 max Subject to Loop Calculation MCIM Addressable Devices Slide 77 Miniature Input Module Connections Cable Screen termination point Continuity: Not EARTH connection Will require a suitable housing Circuit Spec: Fire = 5K6, EOL = 22K Addressable Devices Slide 78 Miniature Output Module 1 x output SPCO volt free contacts 30v DC 1A Options MCOM = Standard Mini O/P Module MCOM-S = Identified as Sounder device type, relay returns on RESET MCOM-R = 5s pulse on RESET Max 20 O/P Modules per loop MCOM = 20 max MCOM-S = 60 max MCOM-R = 20 max Subject to Loop Calculation MCOM Addressable Devices Slide 79 Miniature Output Module Cable Screen termination point Continuity: Not EARTH connection Will require a suitable housing Circuit Spec: SPCO volt free contacts 30v DC 1A Addressable Devices Slide 80 Miniature Zone Monitor Module 1 x zone of conventional detectors / Manual Call Points FXN520 conventional base with schottky diode Max 20 detectors, suggested 10 per unit to spread load Standard response time Monitored Circuit Loop Loading 30 max Subject to Loop Calculation MIU872 Addressable Devices Slide 81 Miniature Zone Monitor Module Connections Cable Screen termination point Continuity: Not EARTH connection Will require a suitable housing Circuit Spec: Fire = 680, EOL = EOLM-1 active module Addressable Devices Slide 82 Double Gang Interface Module Range Spur Isolator Module MSI850standard Shop Unit Monitor Module MSU840standard Zone Monitor Module MIU871standard Inbuilt S/C Isolator Software allocated addressing by panel Hardware allocated addressing by CF800PROG Addressable Devices Slide 83 Spur Isolator Module Interface a spur of addressable devices to the Loop 1 zone of devices max Inbuilt S/C isolator Allows connection of a radial circuit to the loop Does not take an address Good engineering practice to limit quantity CSI350 / MSI850 / FXN513 Addressable Devices Slide 84 Spur Isolator Module Connections Cable Screen termination point Continuity: Not EARTH connection Double Gang housing No End of Line device required Max 1 zone of protection Addressable Devices Slide 85 Shop Unit Monitor Module 1 x zone of conventional detectors / Manual call points FXN520 conventional base with schottky diode Max 20 detectors, suggested 10 per unit to spread load Standard response time 1 x zone of conventional Manual Call Points Fast responseSlide 86 Shop Unit Monitor Module Connections Cable Screen termination point Continuity: Not EARTH connection Double Gang housing Circuit Monitoring MCP Zone: Fire = 680, EOL = 6.8k Det Zone: Fire = 680, EOL = EOLM-1 active module Fire relay: SPCO, 30V 1A max Sounders: 300mA per circuit, EOL = 12k PSU Mon: EOL = 12k PSU required: 24V DC 1A max Addressable Devices Slide 87 Shop Unit Monitor Module Connections Addressable Devices Slide 88 Zone Monitor Module 1 x zone of conventional detectors / Manual Call Points FXN520 conventional base with schottky diode Max 20 detectors, suggested 10 per unit to spread load Standard response time 1 x zone of conventional Manual Call Points Fast response