CFR 1926.450 - SUBPART L CFR 1926.450 - SUBPART L SCAFFOLDSSCAFFOLDS

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CFR 1926.450 - SUBPART LCFR 1926.450 - SUBPART L

Updates the existing standard to include types of Updates the existing standard to include types of scaffolds such as catenary and step and trestlescaffolds such as catenary and step and trestle

Allows flexibility in the use of fall protection systems Allows flexibility in the use of fall protection systems to protect employeesto protect employees

Simplifies language, eliminates duplicative outdated Simplifies language, eliminates duplicative outdated provisions, consolidates overlapping requirementsprovisions, consolidates overlapping requirements

Allows employers compliance flexibilityAllows employers compliance flexibility

PurposePurpose

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ORGANIZATION OF STANDARDORGANIZATION OF STANDARD

1926.450 Scope, application and 1926.450 Scope, application and definitions applicable to this definitions applicable to this subpartsubpart

1926.451 General requirements1926.451 General requirements 1926.452 Additional 1926.452 Additional

requirements applicable to requirements applicable to specific types of scaffoldsspecific types of scaffolds

1926.453 Aerial lifts1926.453 Aerial lifts 1926.454 Training1926.454 Training

Appendix A - Scaffold Appendix A - Scaffold SpecificationsSpecifications

Appendix C - List of Appendix C - List of National Consensus National Consensus StandardsStandards

Appendix D - List of Appendix D - List of Training Topics for Training Topics for Scaffold Erectors and Scaffold Erectors and DismantlersDismantlers

Appendix E - Drawings and Appendix E - Drawings and IllustrationsIllustrations

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CFR 1926.450 - SUBPART LCFR 1926.450 - SUBPART LEffective DatesEffective Dates

Effective on Effective on November 29, 1996November 29, 1996, except for , except for §1926.453(a)(2)§1926.453(a)(2)

Paragraphs (e)(9) and (g)(2) of §1926.451, Paragraphs (e)(9) and (g)(2) of §1926.451, which address safe access and fall protection which address safe access and fall protection for employees erecting and dismantling for employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolds is effective supported scaffolds is effective September 2, September 2, 19971997

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CFR 1926.450CFR 1926.450

10 foot trigger height for fall protection on 10 foot trigger height for fall protection on scaffoldsscaffolds

38 inch minimum guardrail height where 38 inch minimum guardrail height where guardrail is primary fall protectionguardrail is primary fall protection

36 inch minimum guardrail height where 36 inch minimum guardrail height where fall arrest systems are primary fall fall arrest systems are primary fall protectionprotection

Major issues resolved:Major issues resolved:

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CFR 1926.450CFR 1926.450

Requires after 1 year that the competent person Requires after 1 year that the competent person determines feasibility of providing fall determines feasibility of providing fall protection for built-up scaffold erectors and protection for built-up scaffold erectors and dismantlersdismantlers

Provides for use of crossbracing as guardrail Provides for use of crossbracing as guardrail under certain conditions, in lieu of either a under certain conditions, in lieu of either a midrail or a toprail.midrail or a toprail.

Major issues resolved:Major issues resolved:

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SCOPE & APPLICATIONSCOPE & APPLICATION

Covers all scaffolds used in workplacesCovers all scaffolds used in workplaces Does not apply to crane or derrick suspended Does not apply to crane or derrick suspended

personnel platforms, which are covered by personnel platforms, which are covered by §1926.550(g)§1926.550(g)

Aerial lifts are covered by §1926.453Aerial lifts are covered by §1926.453

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GENERAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL SCAFFOLDSFOR ALL SCAFFOLDS

CapacityCapacity-- Support Own Weight and 4 Times the Maximum Intended -- Support Own Weight and 4 Times the Maximum Intended Load Load

-- Suspension Rope & Hardware, 6 Times the Maximum -- Suspension Rope & Hardware, 6 Times the Maximum Intended LoadIntended Load

-- Stall Load of Scaffold Hoist Not to Exceed 3 Times Its -- Stall Load of Scaffold Hoist Not to Exceed 3 Times Its Rated LoadRated Load

-- Designed by a Qualified Person and Built and Loaded to -- Designed by a Qualified Person and Built and Loaded to DesignDesign

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GENERAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL SCAFFOLDSFOR ALL SCAFFOLDS

Scaffold Platform ConstructionScaffold Platform Construction-- -- Platforms Fully Planked or Decked Platforms Fully Planked or Decked

-- No More Than 1” Gaps-- No More Than 1” Gaps

-- Maximum Openings of 9½”-- Maximum Openings of 9½”

-- Scaffold Platforms and Walkways 18” Wide-- Scaffold Platforms and Walkways 18” Wide

-- Ladder Jack, Top Plate Bracket, Roof Bracket, and -- Ladder Jack, Top Plate Bracket, Roof Bracket, and Pump Jack Scaffold at Least 12” WidePump Jack Scaffold at Least 12” Wide

-- Guardrails And/or Personal Fall Arrest Systems for -- Guardrails And/or Personal Fall Arrest Systems for Platforms and Runways Not 18” WidePlatforms and Runways Not 18” Wide

1010

Scaffold Platform ConstructionScaffold Platform Construction Front Edge of All PlatformsFront Edge of All Platforms

-- No more than 14” from the face of the work-- No more than 14” from the face of the work

-- 3” from the face for outrigger scaffolds-- 3” from the face for outrigger scaffolds

-- 18” from the face for plastering and lathing operations-- 18” from the face for plastering and lathing operations

-- Platforms 10’ and less to extend at least 6” but not more than 12” -- Platforms 10’ and less to extend at least 6” but not more than 12” past support unless designed and installed and/or guarded properlypast support unless designed and installed and/or guarded properly

-- Platforms greater than 10’ no more than 18” past support unless -- Platforms greater than 10’ no more than 18” past support unless designed and installed and/or guarded properlydesigned and installed and/or guarded properly

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL SCAFFOLDSFOR ALL SCAFFOLDS

1111

Scaffold Platform ConstructionScaffold Platform Construction-- Each abutted end of plank shall rest on a separate -- Each abutted end of plank shall rest on a separate support surfacesupport surface

-- Overlap platforms not less than 12” only over supports, -- Overlap platforms not less than 12” only over supports, unless restrained to prevent movementunless restrained to prevent movement

-- On direction changes, any platform on a bearer at other -- On direction changes, any platform on a bearer at other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms which than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms which rest at right angles over the same bearer laid secondrest at right angles over the same bearer laid second

GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL SCAFFOLDS FOR ALL SCAFFOLDS

1212

Scaffold Platform ConstructionScaffold Platform Construction-- No paint on wood platforms, except edges that may be marked for -- No paint on wood platforms, except edges that may be marked for identificationidentification

-- Fully planked between front upright and guardrail support-- Fully planked between front upright and guardrail support

-- No mixed scaffold components used unless compatible and integrity -- No mixed scaffold components used unless compatible and integrity maintainedmaintained

-- No modification of mixed scaffold components unless a competent -- No modification of mixed scaffold components unless a competent person approvesperson approves

-- No components of dissimilar metals unless approved by competent -- No components of dissimilar metals unless approved by competent personperson

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL SCAFFOLDSFOR ALL SCAFFOLDS

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Criteria for Supported ScaffoldsCriteria for Supported Scaffolds-- Higher than 4:1 ratio restrained from tipping by guys, -- Higher than 4:1 ratio restrained from tipping by guys, ties, or equivalentties, or equivalent

-- Guys, ties, installed per recommendations or at the -- Guys, ties, installed per recommendations or at the closestclosest horizontal member to the 4:1 height horizontal member to the 4:1 height

-- Bear on adequate foundations-- Bear on adequate foundations

-- Plumbed and braced-- Plumbed and braced

GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS

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GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Support devices -- 4 times Support devices -- 4 times the imposed load.the imposed load.

Outrigger beams -- metal Outrigger beams -- metal or equal and restrainedor equal and restrained

Stabilize outrigger beamsStabilize outrigger beams Direct connections Direct connections

evaluated by competent evaluated by competent personperson

Criteria for Suspension ScaffoldsCriteria for Suspension Scaffolds CounterweightsCounterweights Construction requirements Construction requirements

for outrigger beamsfor outrigger beams Minimum lengths for Minimum lengths for

suspension ropes on hoistssuspension ropes on hoists No repaired wire ropeNo repaired wire rope

1515

GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Proper sized eye splice Proper sized eye splice thimbles requiredthimbles required

Ropes inspected by Ropes inspected by competent personcompetent person

No swaged No swaged attachments unless attachments unless approvedapproved

No gasoline powered No gasoline powered equipmentequipment

Automatic brakesAutomatic brakes Positive crank force to Positive crank force to

descenddescend Tied to prevent swayingTied to prevent swaying Safety devices not used as Safety devices not used as

platformsplatforms

Criteria for Suspension ScaffoldsCriteria for Suspension Scaffolds

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GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS

AccessAccess-- Must have safe access-- Must have safe access

-- No access by cross braces-- No access by cross braces

-- Bottom rung not more than 24” high-- Bottom rung not more than 24” high

-- Rest platforms at 35’ intervals-- Rest platforms at 35’ intervals

-- Sets access requirements for erectors and dismantlers ( -- Sets access requirements for erectors and dismantlers ( September 2, 1997)September 2, 1997)

-- Can use some end frames for access -- Can use some end frames for access

1717

GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Never overloadNever overload No shore or lean-to No shore or lean-to

scaffolds scaffolds Maintain clearance Maintain clearance

near power linesnear power lines Inspected by Inspected by

competent personcompetent person

Immediately removed or Immediately removed or repaired, braced if found repaired, braced if found substandardsubstandard

No horizontal movement No horizontal movement with employees unless with employees unless approvedapproved

UseUse

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GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Erected, moved, Erected, moved, dismantled or altered dismantled or altered only under supervision of only under supervision of competent personcompetent person

No work on snow, ice No work on snow, ice covered platformscovered platforms

Tag lines on swinging Tag lines on swinging loadsloads

Protect suspension Protect suspension ropes from heat, acidropes from heat, acid

No work during storms No work during storms or high windsor high winds

UseUse

1919

Fall Protection (PFAS or Guardrails)Fall Protection (PFAS or Guardrails) Required at 10 footRequired at 10 foot PFAS in lieu of guardrails on some scaffoldsPFAS in lieu of guardrails on some scaffolds PFAS & guardrails on suspension scaffoldsPFAS & guardrails on suspension scaffolds PFAS required for erectors and dismantlers where PFAS required for erectors and dismantlers where

feasible after September 2, 1997.feasible after September 2, 1997. Toprails after 1-1-2000, 38” to 45” highToprails after 1-1-2000, 38” to 45” high Use crossbracing in lieu of top or midrails in some Use crossbracing in lieu of top or midrails in some

casescases

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2020

GENERAL REQUIREMENTSGENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Falling Object ProtectionFalling Object Protection Hardhats requiredHardhats required Protect employees belowProtect employees below Barricades to exclude working belowBarricades to exclude working below Toe boards at edges of platformsToe boards at edges of platforms Allows panels and screensAllows panels and screens Canopies allowed Canopies allowed

2121

TRAINING REQUIREMENTSTRAINING REQUIREMENTS

Five Training AreasFive Training Areas Nature of electrical, fall, and falling object hazardsNature of electrical, fall, and falling object hazards Correct procedures for protection of aboveCorrect procedures for protection of above Proper use of the scaffoldProper use of the scaffold Load capacities of scaffoldsLoad capacities of scaffolds Requirements of Subpart LRequirements of Subpart L Retraining as necessary to restore proficiencyRetraining as necessary to restore proficiency