ch. 1 free response rubric 1. subjects are hyperactive 2. random sample 3. independent variable 4....
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Ch. 1 Free Response Rubric
1. Subjects are Hyperactive
2. Random Sample3. Independent Variable4. IV described (control
vs. experimental5. Dependent Variable6. Dependent Variable
described (how measured)
7. Placebo/Control8. Other controls (double
blind, random assignment)
9. Replication (validity, reliability)
10. Groups are compared (statistical significance)
Prejudice & Discrimination
Pro-Social & Anti-Social Behavior
In-Group / Out-Group Bias If we believe that someone
else is in a group to which we belong, we will have positive views of them and give them preferential treatment.
Why do we think and behave this way?
Example: Watch children in the school yard. Notice how they form groups and how they treat those not in their group.
A third grade girl feels upset and isolated because she is not able to play with the other children.
Prejudice & Discrimination Stereotypes: Overgeneralizations
Example: Gay men are all effeminate. We develop stereotypes when we are
unable or unwilling to obtain all of the information we would need to make fair judgments.
Stereotype threat is the fear that one's behavior will confirm an existing stereotype of a group with which one identifies. This fear can sometimes affect performance.
Prejudice: Unjustifiable beliefs; usually negative
Example: believing that sexual or gender orientation makes one group inferior
Discrimination: Action based on prejudice Example: Not hiring a gay man
because of his sexual orientation
A Girl Like Me Video Clip
Why do prejudices and acts of discrimination like the examples viewed in “A Girl Like Me” & “A Class Divided” continue to exist?
How can prejudice & discrimination be reduced?
What was the main theme of this short film?
How did you react to this film? (emotions, feelings)
What does this film suggest about our society?
Memorable moments/ quotes.
What will you take away from this film?
A Girl Like Me
Discussion Questions
Are the results from the “doll experiment” proof of internalized racism?
Pro-Social & Anti Social Behavior Pro-Social Behavior:
voluntary behavior intended to help others
Bystander Effect (Kitty Genovese) Diffusion of responsibility Why don’t people help?
Don’t Notice Interpretation Don’t know how to take
responsibility Jericho Experiment
Effects of timeKitty Genovese, picture from The New York Times article:
"Thirty-Eight Who Saw Murder Didn't Call the Police"
Kitty’s Apartment
Altruism
Selfless concern for the welfare of others.
Does altruism really exist?
Things to consider: Social Exchange Theory Norms of reciprocity-
expecting a favor in return.
Feel good-do good hypothesis
"Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are truly endless."
- Mother Teresa
Antisocial Behavior Aggression-
Any act that is intended to hurt someone or something.
What are the possible causes of aggression? Biological serotonin testosterone Cultural differences Social Learning Theory-
Bandura & Bobo Doll Frustration Aggression
hypothesis Freud- Human Nature-
aggressive tendencies- displacement
Deindividuation: Loss of self to the group
Deindividuation occurs when group participation makes people feel aroused and anonymous.
Dodd’s Study (1985) Are college freshman or
prison inmates more susceptible to deindividuation?
Deindividuation Aggression Charity Academic Dishonesty Crime Escapism Political Activities Sexual Behavior Social Disruption Interpersonal Spying/Eves
dropping Travel Other
Social Desirability Scale Prosocial 9 % (intended to
help others) Antisocial 36% (behavior
intended to injure others or deprive them of their rights)
Nonnormative 19% (behavior that violates social norms and practices but does not specifically help or hurt others)
Neutral 36% (behaviors that do not meet the criteria for any of the first three categories)
Philip Zimbardo:Stanford Prison Experiment Recruitment and Methodology
Wanted to learn about behaviors and feelings of prisoners & guards
Set up a phony prison in a university building
Recruited male college students to participate
Randomly assigned 24 participants to role of either prisoner or guard
Stanford Prison Experiment: Methodology
Guards instructed to make prisoners feel frustrated and not in control
Prisoners arrested and booked as real prisoners Guards bullied the prisoners and began “counts”
Stanford Prison Experiment: Results
Prisoners staged a rebellion on the second day
Guards stepped up their harassment and treated rebellion “ringleaders” differently than the “good” prisoners
Prisoners told they couldn’t leave; many became anxious
Guards increased bullying tactics as they perceived prisoners to be a real threat
Zimbardo and his colleagues adapted to their roles
Stanford Prison Experiment: Results
Everyone took on the role to which they were assigned—the experiment became very realistic
Experiment ended after six days instead of two weeks
Prisoners had lost their identity