ch 1 introduction to matter -...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ch 1
Introduction to Matter
1.1 Matter Has Mass & Volume
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All objects are made of matter
Matter—anything that has mass & takes up
space
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• All solids, liquids, & gases,
are made of matter
• Energy is NOT matter (light, heat, sound)
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Mass is a measure of
the amount of matter
• Metric units of mass are gram, kilogram,
etc.
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• Weight does NOT
equal mass! It is the
downward pull of gravity on an object
– An object’s weight is proportional to gravity
– Weight is measured in Newtons (in the metric system)
1 pound = 4.4482216 N
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Volume is a measure of the space
matter occupies
• Units = cubic cm, liter, mL, etc.
• May be measured 2 ways
– Formula, for particular shapes
• Volume of a cube = L x W x H
– Displacement, for objects with irregular shapes
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Volume by Displacement
formula
displacement
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1.2 Matter is made of atoms
• Atoms are extremely small
– Scientists have identified more than 100 kinds
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Atoms combine to form molecules
• A molecule is made from 2 or more atoms
(bonded together)
– Water = 2 hydrogens for every 1 oxygen
bonded together
– Ozone = 3 oxygens bonded
together
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Atoms & molecules are always in motion
• Gases—molecules
move fastest (bounce
off each other)
• Liquids (slide past
each other)
• Solids—molecules
move slowest (twist
or vibrate)
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1.3 Matter combines to form different
substances
• Matter can be pure or mixed
– Pure = contains only 1 type of substance
– Mixed = contains 2 or more substances mixed
together
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• Element—contains only 1 kind of atom
(ex=gold)
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• Compound—consists of 2 or more different
types of atoms bonded togetherex= H2o
& NaCl
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• Mixture—combination of different substances that retain their individual properties & can be separated by
physical means (filters, distillation,
etc.)
Simple
Distillation
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2 types of mixtures
1. Heterogeneous—particles are not evenly
dispersed
2. Homogeneous—mixed evenly throughout
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Simple Distillation
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1.4 Matter exists in 4 different
states states
1. Solid—particles are close together; they vibrate
--has a fixed volume & shape
--solids are considered to be frozen
2. Liquid—particles are further apart; they can slide
past each other
--has a fixed volume but no fixed shape
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3. Gas—particles are not close together; they
move about freely
--have no fixed volume or shape
**Increasing temp, increases air pressure
4. Plasma—electrons jump
energy levels & emit light
or energy
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