Ch. 10 Ch. 10 PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisConverting Solar Energy into Converting Solar Energy into Chemical Energy…here we Chemical Energy…here we go!go!

Overview of Energy Transfer

Net Equation for Photosynthesis:

Net Equation for Aerobic Respiration:

Overview of Energy Transfer

Why are photosynthesis

and cellular respiration

often considered

opposites of each other?

solar energy

Photosynthesis chloroplast

CellularRespiration

mitochondrion

CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

ATP! excess heat

Thomas Englemann Experiment

Procedure:

Results:

Conclusion:

Thomas Englemann Experiment

Procedure:

Results:

Conclusion:

Photosynthesis – the basics!

solar energy

chloroplast

thylakoid membrane

stroma

cytoplasm

1. Light Reactions

2. Calvincycle

H2O

O2

CO2

C6H12O6

ATP

ADP

NADPH

NADP

Light Reactions – the details!

photosystem Iphotosystem II

light energy e-

primary acceptor

H2O

O2

e-

chlorophyll

Light Reactions – the details!

photosystem Iphotosystem II

light energy

e-

primary acceptor

H2O

O2

e-

light energy

e-

primary acceptor e-

NADP

NADPH

NADPReductase

e-

Light Reactions – the details!

photosystem Iphotosystem II

light energy

e-

primary acceptor

H2O

O2

e-

light energy

e-

primary acceptor e-

NADP

NADPH

NADPReductase

e-

ETC

ETC involved

in making ATP

ATP!

Cytochrome complex

Illustration of Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis

Illustration of Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis

Illustration of Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis

How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane…

How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane…

H2O

PIIPI

thylakoid membrane

stroma

light energy

e-

e-

O2

How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane…

H2O

PIIPI

thylakoid membrane

stroma

light energy

e-

e-

O2

light energy

e-NADP

NADPHe-

Calvin cycle

NADPReductase

How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane…

H2O

PIIPI

thylakoid membrane

stroma

light energy

e-

e-

O2

light energy

e-

NADP

NADPHe-

Calvin cycle

NADPReductase

How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane…

Calvin cycle

H+

ETC becomes proton pump!

H+

H+H+

H+

H+

H+

H+

ADPATP

X

How ATP is made in the ETC of the thylakoid membrane…

- - ATP Reminder - -- - ATP Reminder - -

Cylic Electron Flow Alternative…Why?

Cylic Electron Flow Alternative…Why?

Some plants have adaptations in regard to photosynthesis in order to survive arid environments.

Why would these adaptations be necessary?

What theme of AP biology could this be an example of?

Practice #1Practice #1 When light strikes chlorophyll When light strikes chlorophyll

molecules, they lose electrons, which molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____. are ultimately replaced by _____.

A. splitting of water A. splitting of water

B. breaking down ATP B. breaking down ATP

C. removing them from NADPH C. removing them from NADPH

D. fixing carbon D. fixing carbon

E. oxidizing glucoseE. oxidizing glucose

Practice #1Practice #1 When light strikes chlorophyll When light strikes chlorophyll

molecules, they lose electrons, which molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____. are ultimately replaced by _____.

A. splitting of water A. splitting of water

B. breaking down ATP B. breaking down ATP

C. removing them from NADPH C. removing them from NADPH

D. fixing carbon D. fixing carbon

E. oxidizing glucose E. oxidizing glucose

Practice #2Practice #2 Which of the following is produced by Which of the following is produced by

the light reactions of photosynthesis the light reactions of photosynthesis and consumed by the Calvin cycle? and consumed by the Calvin cycle?

A. sugarA. sugar

B. oxygen B. oxygen

C. water C. water

D. NADPH and ATP D. NADPH and ATP

E. ADP + Pi E. ADP + Pi

Practice #2Practice #2 Which of the following is produced by Which of the following is produced by

the light reactions of photosynthesis the light reactions of photosynthesis and consumed by the Calvin cycle? and consumed by the Calvin cycle?

A. sugarA. sugar

B. oxygen B. oxygen

C. water C. water

D. NADPH and ATPD. NADPH and ATP

E. ADP + PiE. ADP + Pi

Practice #3Practice #3

Carbon dioxide is utilized in Carbon dioxide is utilized in photosynthesis duringphotosynthesis during

A. the light reactions.A. the light reactions.

B. the Krebs cycle.B. the Krebs cycle.

C. the Calvin cycle.C. the Calvin cycle.

D. the electron transport chain.D. the electron transport chain.

E. ATP synthesis.E. ATP synthesis.

Practice #3Practice #3

Carbon dioxide is utilized in Carbon dioxide is utilized in photosynthesis duringphotosynthesis during

A. the light reactions.A. the light reactions.

B. the Krebs cycle.B. the Krebs cycle.

C. the Calvin cycle.C. the Calvin cycle.

D. the electron transport chain.D. the electron transport chain.

E. ATP synthesis.E. ATP synthesis.

Practice #4Practice #4

Which of the following is NOT a Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions of product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? photosynthesis?

A. oxygen A. oxygen

B. sugarB. sugar

C. high-energy electrons C. high-energy electrons

D. ATP D. ATP

E. NADPHE. NADPH

Practice #4Practice #4

Which of the following is NOT a Which of the following is NOT a product of the light reactions of product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? photosynthesis?

A. oxygen A. oxygen

B. sugarB. sugar

C. high-energy electrons C. high-energy electrons

D. ATP D. ATP

E. NADPHE. NADPH

Practice #5Practice #5

The overall function of the Calvin The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. cycle is _____.

A. capturing sunlight A. capturing sunlight

B. producing carbon dioxide B. producing carbon dioxide

C. making sugar C. making sugar

D. oxidizing glucose D. oxidizing glucose

E. splitting waterE. splitting water

Practice #5Practice #5

The overall function of the Calvin The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. cycle is _____.

A. capturing sunlight A. capturing sunlight

B. producing carbon dioxide B. producing carbon dioxide

C. making sugar C. making sugar

D. oxidizing glucose D. oxidizing glucose

E. splitting water E. splitting water

Practice #6Practice #6

The OThe O22 released during released during photosynthesis comes fromphotosynthesis comes from

A. HA. H22OO

B. COB. CO22

C. NADPHC. NADPH

D. RuBPD. RuBP

E. CE. C66HH1212OO66

Practice #6Practice #6

The OThe O22 released during released during photosynthesis comes fromphotosynthesis comes from

A. HA. H22OO

B. COB. CO22

C. NADPHC. NADPH

D. RuBPD. RuBP

E. CE. C66HH1212OO66

Practice #7Practice #7

Which of the following enzymes is Which of the following enzymes is responsible for COresponsible for CO22 fixation in C fixation in C33 plants?plants?

A. Succinate dehydrogenaseA. Succinate dehydrogenase

B. HexokinaseB. Hexokinase

C. AmylaseC. Amylase

D. DNA polymeraseD. DNA polymerase

E. RuBP carboxylaseE. RuBP carboxylase

Practice #7Practice #7

Which of the following enzymes is Which of the following enzymes is responsible for COresponsible for CO22 fixation in C fixation in C33 plants?plants?

A. Succinate dehydrogenaseA. Succinate dehydrogenase

B. HexokinaseB. Hexokinase

C. AmylaseC. Amylase

D. DNA polymeraseD. DNA polymerase

E. RuBP carboxylaseE. RuBP carboxylase

Practice #8Practice #8 Which of the following is the process Which of the following is the process

in which Oin which O22 is released as a by- is released as a by-product of oxidation-reduction product of oxidation-reduction reactions?reactions?

A. glycolysisA. glycolysisB. Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)B. Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) C. Calvin cycleC. Calvin cycle D. Light ReactionsD. Light Reactions E. chemiosmosisE. chemiosmosis

Practice #8Practice #8 Which of the following is the process Which of the following is the process

in which Oin which O22 is released as a by- is released as a by-product of oxidation-reduction product of oxidation-reduction reactions?reactions?

A. glycolysisA. glycolysisB. Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)B. Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) C. Calvin cycleC. Calvin cycle D. Light ReactionsD. Light Reactions E. chemiosmosisE. chemiosmosis