ch 10 ppt lecture
TRANSCRIPT
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PowerPointLecture Outlines prepared by
Dr. Lana Zinger, QCCCUNY
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anaging Your
!eig"t
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anaging Your !eig"t
66 percent of Americans Are Oer!eight or O"ese
Associated #ea$th %is&s
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
Some cancers Strokes
Gallstones
Sleep apnea
Osteoarthritis
'he estimated annua$ cost of o"esity in the (nited )tates is*1+2 "i$$ion in medica$ epenses and $ost productiity.
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Obesity #rends a$ong U.%. &dults, '()), '((), and *++)
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&ssessing ody !eig"t and ody Co$position
A #ea$thy -eight epends On/
Body structure
Height
Weight distribution
Fat to lean tissue ratio
uscle !eighs more than "at# so muscular individuals
might be over!eight based on traditional height$!eightcharts%
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&ssessing ody !eig"t and ody Co$position
O-erweig"t and Obesity
Overweighthaving a body !eight more than &'percent above the healthy recommended levels( in anadult# having a B) o" *+ to *,
Obesitya body !eight more than *' percent abovehealthy recommended levels( in an adult# having a B)o" -' or more
Morbid Obesityhaving a body !eight &'' percent or
more above healthy recommended levels( in an adult#having a B) o" .' or more
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Potential Negati-e ealt" /00ects o0 O-erweig"t and Obesity
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en and !o$en a-e Di00erent /1pected &$ounts o0 2at
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&ssessing ody !eig"t and ody Co$position
Underweig"t
Body "at is composed o"/
Essential fat0amount necessary "or maintenanceo" li"e and reproductive "unctions# including/
)nsulation# cushion# nerve conduction# vitaminabsorption# energy# and body temperatureregulation
Dropping body "at too lo! can compromise
per"ormance and normal bodily "unction#including amenorrhea "or "emales
Storage fat0the nonessential "at that many o" ustry to shed
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&ssessing ody !eig"t and ody Co$position
&$enorr"ea
1 disruption o" the normal menstrual cycle
Skin problems
Hair loss
2isual disturbances
1 tendency to "racture bones easily
Digestive system disturbances
Heart irregularities Gastrointestinal problems
Di""iculties in maintaining body temperature
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&ssessing ody !eig"t and ody Co$position
ody ass 3nde1 435
)nde3 o" the relationship bet!een height and !eight
B) 4 !eight 5kg6$height s7uared 5m*6
B) o" &8%+ to *+ kg$m*indicates healthy !eight
Yout" and 3
9abeled di""erently# as :at risk o" over!eight; and:over!eight;
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ody ass 3nde1 435
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&ssessing ody !eig"t and ody Co$position
!eig"t Circu$0erence and 6atio easure$ents
Waist-to-hip ratio
Weight in abdominal region associated !ith more risk
Waist circum"erence greater than .' in% "or men and
greater than -+ in% "or !omen represents an increased risko" disease
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&ssessing ody !eig"t and ody Co$position
easures o0 ody 2at
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2actors Contributing to O-erweig"t and Obesity
7enetic and P"ysiological 2actors
Body type and genes
etabolic rates
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)0the rate o" energy
e3penditure by a body at complete rest in a neutralenvironment
1 B@ "or the average healthy adult is usuallybet!een *'' and '' calories per day%
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2actors Contributing to O-erweig"t and Obesity
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)includes the B@ plus anyadditional energy e3pended through daily sedentaryactivities%
Exercise metabolic rate (EMR)is the energy e3penditurethat occurs during e3ercise%
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2actors Contributing to O-erweig"t and Obesity
Thermic Effect of Food
1n estimate o" ho! much energy is necessary to burn "oodcalories
Adaptive Thermogenesis
Ahe theory that thin people send more e""ective messages tothe hypothalamus and there"ore can consume large amountso" "ood !ithout gaining !eight
Yo-Yo Diets
@e"er to dieters !ho resume eating a"ter their !eight loss sotheir B@ is set lo!er# making it almost certain that they!ill regain the pounds they ust lost
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2actors Contributing to O-erweig"t and Obesity
/ndocrine 3n0luence8 #"e ungry or$ones
9ess than * percent o" the obese population has athyroid problem and most e3perts agree !eight
problems can be traced to a metabolic or hormoneimbalance%
Hnger0an inborn physiological response tonutritional needs
!""etite0a learned response to "ood that is tied to an
emotional or psychological craving Satiety0to "eel satis"ied# or "ull# !hen one has satis"ied
their nutritional needs and the stomach signals :nomore;
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2actors Contributing to O-erweig"t and Obesity
Hormones
#herlin0:the hunger hormone;
Obestatin0a genetic relative o" gherlin
$e"tin0tells your brain !hen youre "ull
#$%&'0slo!s do!n the passage o" "ood through theintestines to allo! the absorption o" nutrients
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2actors Contributing to O-erweig"t and Obesity
/n-iron$ental 2actors
Bombarded !ith advertising
Changes in !orking "amilies
Bottle "eeding in in"ants
)ncrease in sedentary li"estyle
isleading "ood labels
)ncreased opportunities "or eating
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2actors Contributing to O-erweig"t and Obesity
/arly %abotage8 & Yout"0ul %tart
on Obesity 2ulnerable to "ood ads
9arger portions# unk "ood
Social "actors
Decline o" home cooking )ncreased production o" calorie laden
"ast "oods
)nternet
2ideo games
Over & percent o" youth in
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2actors Contributing to O-erweig"t and Obesity
Psyc"osocial and /cono$ic 2actors
Food as re!ard
Socioeconomic "actors can provide obstacles or aids to!eight control%
Studies sho! that the more educated you are# the lo!eryour B) is in the
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2actors Contributing to O-erweig"t and Obesity
Li0estyle 2actors
9ack o" physical activity
1ny "orm o" activity that burns additional calorieshelps maintain !eight
Data "rom the Eational Health )ntervie! Surveysho! that . out o" &' adults in the
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#"e Concept o0 /nergy alance
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anaging Your !eig"t
9eeping !eig"t Control in Perspecti-e
ach person is di""erent%
Weight loss is not simple%
Depression# stress# culture# and available "oods can
a""ect a persons ability to lose !eight%
Set realistic goals%
Work out a maintainable li"estyle change%
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ABC News:ideo8 2ood Diary Diet !riting
iscussion uestions
1. -hat is the "est !ay to manage !eight
2. Is it possi"$e to !a&e up one day and decide to $ose!eight and "e successfu$ -hat are necessary steps toma&ing this type of decision and fo$$o!ingthrough
| Food Diary Diet Writing
http://c/%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdking%5CDesktop%5COther%5C02_PPTLecture_LEC%5C02_psychosocial_health.movhttp://food_diet_writing.mpg/http://c/%5CDocuments%20and%20Settings%5Cdking%5CDesktop%5COther%5C02_PPTLecture_LEC%5C02_psychosocial_health.mov -
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anaging Your !eig"t
Understanding Calories
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anaging Your !eig"t
3$pro-ing Your /ating abits
valuate !hat triggers your eating%
Seek assistance "rom the y?yramid plan%
Set goals%
eep a detailed daily log o" eating triggers%
@e!ard yoursel" !hen you lose pounds%
1void !eight loss programs that promise 7uick#
:miracle; results%
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&-oid #rigger;appy /ating
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#ips 0or %ensible %nac
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anaging Your !eig"t
Considering Drastic !eig"t;Loss easures
Very-Low-Caorie Diets
ust be medically supervised
Formulas !ith daily values o" .'' to '' calories
Can cause signi"icant health risks
etoacidosis is one potentially dangerous complication
Dr!g Treatment
FD1 approval is not re7uired "or over=the=counter :diet aids; orsupplements
Dangerous side e""ects and potential "or abuse
"#esity $!rgery
1 last resort and particularly "or people !ho are severelyover!eight and have !eight=related diseases
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anaging Your !eig"t
#rying to 7ain !eig"t
Determine !hy you cannot gain !eight%
Aips "or gaining !eight
Get moderate e3ercise%
at more calories%
at at regularly scheduled times%
Supplement your diet%
1void diuretics and la3atives% @ela3