ch. 10.2 intrusive igneous activity
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CH. 10.2 Intrusive Igneous Activity. “What’s a pluton?” Structures that result from the cooling low and hardening of magma below the earth’s surface. Classified by their shape, size, and relationship to surrounding rocks. YES!. Plutons. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CH. 10.2 Intrusive Igneous Activity
“What’s a pluton?”
Structures that result from the cooling low and hardening of magma below the earth’s surface.
Classified by their shape, size, and relationship to surrounding rocks.
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Sill = forms when magma is injected along sedimentary rock layers parallel to the layers.
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Laccolith = forms when magma is injected along sedimentary rock layers parallel to the layers creating a lens-shaped mass that pushes the overlying layer upwards.
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Dikes = when magma is injected into fractures cutting across pre-existing rock layers.
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Batholiths = an igneous intrusion that is over 100 km2 in size.
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Origin of MagmaSolid rock located in the crust and upper mantle melts.
How does the rock get heated enough to melt?
Geothermal Gradient
Temperature gets hotter as you go deeper.
About 20o C to 30o C per kilometer.
This gets the rocks to ALMOST melting……….
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…… Friction from subduction zones heats the rock the rest of the way.OR…… Crustal rocks heat up as they descend into the mantle.OR…… Hotter mantle rock rise and intrude crustal rock.
These processes only make small amounts of magma.
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Rocks Can! It’s when the pressure is released that they melt.
Remember…Rocks deep in the Earth are solid because of the immense pressure.
So...
When the pressure
is reduced, the
rocks melt.
Pressure Melting
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Wet Melting
Rocks with a higher water content (wetter)
melt easier.
Scientists have discovered that
Rocks that are “wet” melt easier
than rocks that are “dry” under the
same conditions.
Pressure and Wet Melting:http://www.fccj.info/gly1001/animations/Chapter9/MagmaMelting.html
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Plate Tectonics and Igneous Activity
• Convergent Plate Boundaries• Ocean-Ocean• Ocean-Continent
• Divergent Plate Boundaries
• Intraplate Igneous Activity • Hot Spots at Mantle Plumes
In the Zone… Three Zones of Volcanism:
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HOW THE EARTH WORKS pg 298-299
Read pgs 298-299.Answer the Assessment Quesitons on pg 299.