ch 11.2
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World History: The Human Journey - Modern World Ch 11 Section 2 PowerPointTRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 11
Section 1: Civil War and Revolution
Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England
Section 3: English Colonial Expansion
Section 4: The Enlightenment
Section 5: The American Revolution
Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America
SECTION 2
11.2 Bell Ringer Question:What laws did Parliament create to protect against arbitrary rule?
Constitutional Monarchy in England
SECTION 2Constitutional Monarchy in England
After Oliver Cromwell's death in 1658 and the subsequent collapse of the Commonwealth in 1660, Charles II was restored to the English throne.
SECTION 2Constitutional Monarchy in England
Charles II The Merry Monarch
England was overjoyed at having a monarch again. However, royal powers and privileges were severely limited by Parliament.
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Charles’ reign was beset by many problems.
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Killed an estimated 100,000 people,
20% of London's population
1665 Bubonic Plague
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GreatFire ofLondon1667
80% of the city wasdestroyed.
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Problem of Succession . . . Charles did not have any children. His heir would be his brother – James. But James was a
CATHOLIC …. RUTROW!
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Political parties would form in Parliament from the ashes of the Cavaliers and Roundheads -- arguing the question of succession.
Whigs ToriesWanted a strong Parliament – NO catholic king
Supported the hereditary right to rule – they would accept a Catholic king
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Charles died and his brother is crowned James II.
Almost immediately, he starts aggravating Parliament with his ideas of absolute rule of the king.How long do you think Parliament put up with THAT?
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William III Mary II
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Changes in the ways people thought about gov’t
Thomas Hobbes John Locke
Let’s compare the ideas of Hobbes and Locke. Draw up a two column
chart for these gentlemen.
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Thomas Hobbes
• Unwritten social contract gave the leader absolute power
• People only kept the right to protect their own lives
• Wrote Leviathan 1651
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John Locke
• People only gave up some rights• Life, liberty and the right to own property• A ruler (gov’t) who violated these rights
had broken the social contract and could justly be overthrown.
• Wrote Two Treatises of Government 1689
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The ideas of Hobbes and Locke inspired changes in how government
worked ….
Parliament began to put safeguards into law so that their rights as citizens could be protected.
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Safeguard
Habeas Corpus Act
English Bill of Rights
Act of Toleration
protected individuals from unfair arrest and imprisonment
declared Parliament would choose who ruled the country; subjected ruler to parliamentary laws; prohibited ruler from imposing taxes or maintaining an army in peaceful times without Parliament’s consent; guaranteed free speech for members of Parliament; gave citizens the right to petition the government; declared citizens should not be required to pay excessive bail or be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment
granted Protestant dissenters some religious freedoms
Purpose
Using your book, complete this chart.
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With those safeguards, we now see the growth of Parliamentary Rule in England.
No more divine right of king!
• Parliament held most of the power.• The Cabinet: officers of state chosen from
leaders in Parliament• Act of Union 1707 created Great Britain• The Hanoverian Kings• Sir Robert Walpole – first Prime Minister
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The government of England will now be a Limited Constitutional MonarchyLimited Constitutional Monarchy.
• The monarch remained Britain’s head of state.
• Royal powers were clearly limited.• The Prime Minister was pretty much
the real head of government because the king’s power had been reduced.
SECTION 2Constitutional Monarchy in England
Now it is time for your quiz.
Grab your notes and a pencil.
Do not use your textbook!