ch 12 reconstruction 1865 - 1877. journal entry – tues. feb 16 read an american story on page 386....

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CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877

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Page 1: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

CH 12Reconstruction

1865 - 1877

Page 2: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16

Read “An American Story” on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed

slave during Reconstruction?

Read “I know why the caged bird sings” by Maya Angelou How had things changed in the 1960’s?

Page 3: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Sec 1 Reconstruction Plans

There were two basic plans for how to bring the South back into the Union following the Civil War

Page 4: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

2 Differing Plans

- Lincoln’s Plan – A moderate policy that would reconcile

the South with the Union instead of punishing it for treason

- Radical Republican’s Plan – “revolutionize southern institutions,

habits, and manners”

Page 5: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Lincoln’s Plan

In Dec 1863, Lincoln set forth his plan in the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Amnesty – a pardon to all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the U.S. and accepted the end of slavery

Page 6: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Radical Republicans

Led by Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania and Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts.

Page 7: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

3 Main Goals of Radical Republicans

1) prevent the leaders of the Confederacy from returning to power after the war

2) make the Republican Party powerful in the South

3) Help African Americans achieve equality under the law and the right to vote.

Page 8: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

The Freedmen’s Bureau

Established in the last years of the Civil War

Meant to provide food, clothing, and education for the thousands of free African Americans in the South

Page 9: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Discussion Question

Do you think Presidents Johnson and Lincoln were wise in not seeking harsh treatment for the southern states in their plans for Reconstruction?

Page 10: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Sec 2Congressional Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson became president after Lincoln’s assassination He was a former

Democrat from Tennessee who had owned slaves

Page 11: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Johnson’s reconstruction plan was much like Lincolns

However, as Southern states rejoined the union, Republicans began to fear the Democrats influence in Congress

Page 12: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Black Codes

- laws passed in the South during Reconstruction to control Freedmen

These along with Democrats joining Congress outraged Republicans and made them enact their own Reconstruction plans

Page 13: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

In and effort to override the Black Codes, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866

Fearing the courts might overturn it, they introduced it as the 14th Amendment

Page 14: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Congressional Elections of 1866

Republicans achieved an overwhelming victory, winning almost a 3 – 1 majority in Congress

Page 15: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

In March 1867, Congress passed the Military Reconstruction Act

By 1868 six states had rejoined the union, NC, SC, FL, AL, LA, AR

Page 16: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Also in 1868, Johnson became the first president to be impeached

However, the Senate was one vote short of removing him from office.

Page 17: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Election of 1868

Grant won the presidential election of 1868 on the Republican ticket

Page 18: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

15th Amendment

In 1870, Congress passed the 15th Amendment, saying the right to vote “shall not be denied on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”.

Page 19: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Sec 3 Republican Rule

As Southern politics and society changed, some began to try to profit from the change with power and money.

Page 20: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved to the South to profit from Reconstruction

Scalawags –Southerners who worked with the Republicans in hopes of rising in society Former Whigs, small farm owners,

businessmen

Page 21: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Southern Politics

Many educated blacks from the North served as early leaders. Former slaves soon became involved in the process.

Saw success on all levels of government.

Republicans also had support from poor white farmers.

Page 22: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Reforms In the South

Repealed Black Codes Medical Improvements (Hospitals,

Etc.) New transportation systems Corruption

Page 23: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

African American Communities

Education Public Schools (40% enrolled by 1876) Beginnings of the HBCU system

Churches

Page 24: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Southern Resistance

Ku Klux Klan - started in 1866 by former confederate soldiers in Pulaski, Tenn. It’s goal was to retake the South for

Democrats Enforcement Acts

1. Federal crime to interfere with voting2. Federal elections under the supervision

of federal marshals.3. Ku Klux Klan Act

Page 25: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Sec 4 Reconstruction Collapses

Grant became president in 1868 but had little experience as a politician

Page 26: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Scandals of Grant Second Term

Whiskey Ring

Credit Mobilier

Tweed Ring “Boss” Tweed

Page 27: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Reconstruction Ends

By 1876 Democrats had taken back control of most of all the southern legislatures

Jim Crow Laws – laws in the southern states after Reconstruction that stripped African Americans of basic rights like voting.

Page 28: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Election of 1876

Republicans nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for president, who won 185 electoral votes

Page 29: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Democrats nominated Samuel Tilden, who had 184 electoral votes, one away from winning the election

Page 30: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Hayes was deemed the winner of the election through the Compromise of 1877

The deal allowed Hayes to be named the winner in return for pulling the troops out of the South and ending reconstruction

Page 31: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

With the end of Reconstruction former slaves lost all hope to receive land of their own

Most resorted to either becoming tenant farmers or share croppers

Page 32: CH 12 Reconstruction 1865 - 1877. Journal Entry – Tues. Feb 16 Read An American Story on page 386. What would life be like to be a freed slave during

Essay Question

Explain the events of the Reconstruction period in terms of the competing plans, Republican control, and then the end of Reconstruction