Ch. 12.4:

Reconstruction in Texas

Reconstruction

1. Def.:

the federal government’s plan to restore the South to the Union after the Civil War

Presidential Reconstruction

2.

Lincoln’s plan –

he wanted to reunited the country as quickly as possible

Presidential Reconstruction

3.

with Lincoln’s death, it was up

to Johnson to make it work

Reconstruction

4. Conditions southern states would have to meet:

a. Confederate states had to

set up temporary governments

1 of 3

Reconstruction

4. Conditions southern states would have to meet:

b. had to

end slavery

and declare

secession illegal

2 of 3

Reconstruction

4. Conditions southern states would have to meet:

c. all adult white males had to take an

oath of loyalty to the U.S.

3 of 3

Reconstruction

5. Andrew J. Hamilton

(a former U.S. Congressman from Texas) was named provisional governor of Texas – he would run Texas until a new constitution could be written and approved and a new government could be elected

Constitution of 1866

6. delegates accepted most of President Johnson’s terms:

a. they

ended slavery and declared

secession illegal

1 of 2

Constitution of 1866

6. delegates accepted most of President Johnson’s terms:

b. African Americans

received some rights –

but

not the right to vote or hold public office

1 of 2

Reconstruction

7. June, 1866:

Texans accepted the new constitution and elected a new government, including

James Throckmorton

as governor

Black Codes

8. Def.:

laws passed by state legislatures to control African

Americans

Black Codes

9. Examples:

prevented African Americans from serving on juries and from holding

public office;

African Americans would also face arrest if they were not working

10. established by the

federal government to help newly freed slaves, known as

freedmen

Freedmen’s Bureau

Freedmen’s Bureau

11.

its job was to

protect freedmen from violence and black codes;

provide food and health care;

and

1 of 2

Freedmen’s Bureau

11.

help adults

obtain jobs

and set up

schools for their children

2 of 2

Freedmen’s Bureau

12. it was closed in 1868

13. Republicans thought Presidential Reconstruction was

too lenient or easy on the South –

they did

not approve of voters electing Confederate leaders

to high office

Congress’ reaction

Congress’ reaction

14. they disliked the fact that many southern states, including Texas, did not approve the 13th and 14th amendments to the U.S. Constitution

1 of 4

Congress’ reaction

14.

a. amendments:

a formal change

2 of 4

Congress’ reaction

14.

b. 13th amendment:

banned slavery

3 of 4

Congress’ reaction

14.

c. 14th amendment:

made all African Americans U.S. citizens

4 of 4

congressional reconstruction

15. Congress passed its plan in 1867

congressional reconstruction

16. removed

current elected officials

and

1 of 3

congressional reconstruction

16. placed South states under the

control of the army

2 of 3

congressional reconstruction

16. General Philip H. Sheridan was put in charge of Texas

3 of 3

congressional reconstruction

17. the army would control the southern

states until they passed a new constitution that would give

African Americans the right to vote and hold office

congressional reconstruction

18.

ironclad oath

all adult white males had to swear that they had never voluntarily supported the

Confederacy in order to vote or hold office (women could not vote)

congressional reconstruction

18.

ironclad oath

all adult white males had to sear that they had never voluntarily supported the

Confederacy in order to vote or hold office (women could not vote)

congressional reconstruction

19. also known as

Radical Reconstruction

congressional reconstruction

20.

carpetbaggers:

men from the North who came South after the Civil War to take advantage of

the political and economic problems there

congressional reconstruction

21.

scalaways

white southerners who supported Congressional Reconstruction

Convention of 1868

22. split into two groups:

1 of 5

Convention of 1868

22.

a.Radical Republicans:

wanted

radical or major changes;

led by

2 of 5

Convention of 1868

22.

a.

Edmund J. Davis;

wanted

Union supporters to rule Texas

3 of 5

Convention of 1868

22.

b.Moderate Republicans:

wanted

moderate or less extreme changes;

led by

4 of 5

Convention of 1868

22.

b.

Andrew J. Hamilton;

wanted

Confederates to take part

in ruling Texas

5 of 5

Constitution of 1868

23. organized Texas along the lines of most

Northern states giving Texas a

strong central government

(in the past, Texas had a weak government in Austin)

Constitution of 1868

24.

African Americans

and

former Confederates

had the right to vote

Constitution of 1868

25.

governor gained new powers to

appoint judges and other officials

Constitution of 1868

26.

for the first time, all children were

required to go to school

Constitution of 1868

27.

tax money was provided to

build schools

Constitution of 1868

28.

the constitution was approved

and

Edmund J. Davis

was elected governor

Constitution of 1868

29.

March 30, 1870:

Texas was readmitted to the Union

The End of Reconstruction

Gov. Davis

30.

critics:

Davis created a state police force that he used to arrest his opponents, postponed elections,

and raised taxes

Gov. Davis

31.

the state police force was used to capture outlaws; taxes were used to build roads and

schools, and help defend the frontier (he did postponed elections)

Gov. Davis

32.

encouraged more people to settle in Texas –

a new

homestead law

gave settlers 150 acres for free if they stayed on the land for three years

Gov. Davis

33.

1872: Davis’ opponents were elected to the state legislature and started to reduce the

governor’s power

Gov. Davis

34.

1873: Davis lost re-election to

Richard Coke,

a former Confederate officer

Gov. Davis

35.

Davis refused to accept his defeat and asked President Grant to send federal troops to

Texas to keep him in office – Grant refused

Economic changes

36.

by the end of Reconstruction Texans

raised more cotton than before

production of

wheat and corn also increased

Economic changes

37.

Reason for increase:

the number of settlers moving west

and the

expansion of railroads

Economic changes

38.

Texans also began to

develop more industries

Economic changes

39.

the state’s overall economy, however, still remained as it had been before the war:

rural (more people living in the country, not in the

city) and

agriculture

Sharecropper system

40.

Under the sharecropper system,

1 of 3

Sharecropper system

40.

a. landowners provided the

farm land, tools, and seeds

2 of 3

b. sharecroppers (farmers)

worked the land

Sharecropper system

40.

c. sharecroppers

gave half of the value of their crops to the landowner in payment

3 of 3

new people in Texas

41.

much of the South had suffered destruction during the Civil War

1 of 2

new people in Texas

42.

war damage and lack of jobs

led many people to move west

2 of 2

constitution of 1876

43.

reason for writing a new constitution:

since the days of Spanish rule, Texans had

not trusted a strong central government

this led them to resent the Constitution of 1869

constitution of 1876

44. the Constitution of 1876

cut the governor’s power to appoint officials,

limited elected leaders to two year terms;

all males, including African Americans, had the right to vote

(women, Native Americans could not)

constitution of 1876

45. this constitution is the one we operate under

today – it is very detailed and required citizens to vote on any changes

constitution of 1876

46. Texas has one of the

weakest governors

of any state

reconstruction ends

47.

Presidential election of 1876:

both the Republicans and the Democrats claimed to have won the election

reconstruction ends

48.

the two parties cut a deal:

the Republican candidate became president

and

Reconstruction in the South came to an end