PRESIDENCYOF

ANDREW JACKSON

Ch 13- American Pageant

M. Carter

Election of 1824

John Q. Adams- Massachusetts Henry Clay- Kentucky William Crawford- Georgia Andrew Jackson- Tennessee

Most popular votesFailed to win the majority (less than 50%) of

electoral votes

Phase II of the election

Henry Clay removed from ballot as lowest # electoral votes

William Crawford becomes ill Henry Clay = Speaker of the House &

most powerful member (influence) House of Representatives decides the

vote

“Corrupt Bargain” Henry Clay hates Jackson Adams wins the election Adams names Clay Secretary of State Jackson calls foul = a “corrupt bargain”

had been made

The Election of 1824

Election of 1828

John Q. Adams Andrew Jackson

Voting along sectional lines Mudslinging

Jackson won!

“Era of the Common Man” HIGHER voter turnout

Lower property qualifications for voters Inauguration

“King Mob”

“To the victory belong the Spoils” Spoils System

System of patronagePre-existing Jackson took it to a new levelCorruption & scandal

○ Million $ embezzlement

Tariff of Abominations (1828) Protective Tariff South MOST upset

They did not manufacture goods = they now have to pay a high price the goods

Struggling economically South Carolina claimed the law was

unconstitutional and unjust.Null & Void. They will not abide by it.Issue of state’s rights

Nullification Crisis Jackson threatened to invade SC &

hang nullifiersIncluding his OWN Vice President (Calhoun)Sent army & navy

Henry Clay- CompromiseReduction of tariff by 10%, gradually, over

an 8 yr. period Force Bill- Congress authorized the

President to use ANY force necessary to collect the tariff.

Indian Relations

White Americans believed Native Americans should…

Assimilate into white society by “Christianizing” and “civilizing” throughEducationAgriculture

Cherokee

Settled in one particular area Created a system of farming Learned to read and write Attended school Developed an official alphabet Organized the Cherokee National

CouncilLegal code & written Constitution

5 Civilized Tribes

Seminoles

Legal Battle

GA declared Cherokee Tribal Council illegalTook over Indian Affairs & land

Cherokee Nation v. GeorgiaJohn MarshallSC upheld the rights of the Cherokee

JacksonRefused to accept the decision“John Marshall has made his decision; now let

him enforce it.”

Indian Removal Act

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Forced removal of 100,000 Indians

Moved to the Indian Territory

“Trail Where They Cried”

Forced march of Cherokees from Georgia to the Indian Territory

2,200 mile land/water route 15,000 began 4,000- 8,000 deaths June – December of 1838 http://www.cherokeemuseum.org/html/collections_tot.html

Fighting Back

Black Hawk WarSauk & FoxBlack Hawk1832

SeminolesAlongside escaped slavesEverglades

Both finally defeated

Bank of the United States Unpopular among Jackson’s supporters Bank of the elite, not the poor Henry Clay

1832Bank charter renewal- 4 yrs earlyMake “the bank” an election issue

Plan failedJackson vetoed- called the Bank

unconstitutional

Election of 1832

Jackson VS Clay Biggest Issue: Bank Clay rec’d campaign contributions as

“life insurance” for the Bank Jackson won- saw this as affirmation

from the people to get rid of the BUS

Bank War

Why General, I never know’d You were a Doctor before

No more I ain’t Major, but I read the “American Family Physician” and I know what kind of a dose to give to clean out a foul Stomach!

What do you say to the application of my patent American System?

I wonder how a few grains of Common Sense washed down with Boston Particulars would do?

Oh! Dear Nick! I am dreadful sick!

D*** Dr. Jackson! This is the effect of his last prescription!

Dr. Your American System won’t do here. Desperate cases require desperate remedies– a few of the leaden pills of Nullification and some blood taken will suffice.

Alas! Alas!No more fees!

Mechanics Bank

Deposits

Manhattan Bank

Bank of AmericaOrder for the

Removal of the Deposits

Veto

“Old Hickory” kills the Bank Future federal deposits went to “pet

banks” $$ in BUS used to pay gov’t bills Removed some deposits

**Guaranteed death of the BUS**

Jackson’s Bank Plan Aggressive Even considered

unnecessary by own cabinet members (replaced)

Bank Panic

Caused by Biddle Called in Bank loans Tried to prove the importance of the

BUS Instead proved Jackson & supporters

rightBUS too powerful- too much influence on

the economy of the US

Types of Banks

Federal $ deposited in state banks = “pet banks” = Pro-Jackson

“wildcat” banks= fly-by night operationsPrinter paper $$Most common in the West

Effects of Bank Crisis

Unreliable currency (wildcat banks) Inflation Specie Circular- “hard currency”-

JacksonStopped speculationPanic of 1837

Satiric Bank Note, 1837 (p.

291)

Whig Party Anti-Jackson Party (King Andrew I) Henry Clay

American System supporters Daniel Webster John C. Calhoun

States’ Righters & Nullification Northerners

Industry & Merchants Institutional Reform True supporters of the “Common Man”

Election of 1836

Democrats- Martin Van Buren (Jackson’s “Yes” man)

Whigs- ran several of America’s “favorite sons”

Whig Strategy

Run several candidates Split the vote Force the election to the House of Reps

(no majority candidate) House controlled by anti-Jacksonites

Failed! Van Buren won b/c of the division

Van Buren- inherited financial problems and exacerbated them by maintaining Jackson’s laissez-faire policy

CAUSES EFFECTS

Land speculation “wildcat” banks Specie Circular Bank War Death of BUS Agricultural problems Financial problems

abroad *”Divorce Bill”

Banks collapse Loss of federal funds Ag. Prices dropped Factories shut down Unemployment Homelessness Loss of customs duties

Lack of import/export

PANIC OF 1837

Election of 1840

Democrat- Martin Van Buren Whig- William Henry Harrison

“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”War Hero No platformLog Cabins and Hard Cider campaign

○ Started by Van Buren○ Intended to hurt Harrison