Why It MattersAt the same time that national spirit and pride were growing throughout the country, a strong sectional rivalry was also developing. Both North and South wanted to further their own economic and political interests.

The Impact TodayDifferences still exist between the regions of the nation but are no longer as sharp. Mass communication and the migration of people from one region to another have lessened the differences.

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Technology and Industry• Industrialization changed the way Americans

worked, traveled, and communicated.

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• In the North, manufacturers made products by dividing tasks among workers.

• They built factories to bring specialized workers together.

• Products could be made more quickly. • The factory workers used machinery to

do some of the work faster and more efficiently.

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Technology and Industry (cont.)

• By 1860 factories in the Northeast produced at least two-thirds of the country’s manufactured goods.

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Technology and Industry (cont.) • Advances in transportation sparked the success

of many new industries.

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- Steamboats

- Canals

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Technology and Industry (cont.)

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- Railroad growth in the 1840s and 1850s connected places that were far apart.

- Early railroads connected mines with nearby rivers.

- Horses, not locomotives, powered the early railroads.

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Technology and Industry (cont.)

(pages 386–389)(pages 386–389)

- A railway network in 1860 of nearly 31,000 miles of track linked cities in the North and Midwest.

- Railway builders tied the eastern lines to lines built farther west so that by 1860, a network united the East and the Midwest.

- Railways transformed trade and settlement in the nation’s interior.

- With the Erie Canal and railway network between the East and West, grain, livestock, and dairy products moved directly from the Midwest to the East.

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Technology and Industry (cont.)

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- Prices were lower because goods traveled faster and more cheaply.

- People settled into Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, and as the population of the states grew, new towns and industry developed in the Midwest.

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Technology and Industry (cont.) • People needed to communicate faster

to keep up with the industrial growth and faster travel methods.

• Samuel Morse developed the telegraph in 1844.

• It used electric signals to send messages along wires.

• To transmit messages, Morse developed the Morse code, using a series of dots and dashes to represent the letters of the alphabet.

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Technology and Industry (cont.) • By 1852 the United States was operating about

23,000 miles of telegraph lines.

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Agriculture • Farmers were able to sell their products

in new markets as a result of the railroads and canals.

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• New inventions changed farming methods and also encouraged settlers to develop larger areas in the West thought to be too difficult to farm.

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• Agriculture was not a mainstay of the North.

• Farming the rocky soil was difficult.

• Instead, the North continued to grow industrially.

• More and more people worked in factories, and the problems connected with factory labor also grew.

Agriculture (cont.)

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