ch 15, sec 3: kingdoms of the middle ages. alfred the great king of england in the late a.d. 800s...
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Ch 15, Sec 3: Kingdoms of the Middle Ages
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Alfred the Great
• King of England in the late A.D. 800s• United small groups of Anglo-Saxons to fight
Viking invaders• New kingdom was named
“Angleland”=England• Strong leader for 30 years
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William the Conqueror
• Ruler of Normandy (France)• Cousin to King Edward of England who died• Wanted to take Edward’s throne
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Battle of Hastings
• 1066 A.D.• William the Conqueror landed in England with
knights• William won/became King of England
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William as King of England
• Anglo-Saxons (English people) hated him/revolted often
• Gave land to Norman (French) knights to control the Anglo-Saxons
• Cultures merged– Ideas on how to run the gov’t– Learned new languages– Sheriffs kept order– Wedding ceremonies blended
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Henry II
• English king 1154-1189• Set up a court system• Set up a common law for everybody• Used juries for the first time– Grand jury-decided if people should be accused of
a crime– Trial jury-decided if people were guilty or innocent
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King John (Henry’s son)
• Became England’s king in 1199• Raised taxes• Punished people without a trial• Forced to sign the Magna Carta– Means “Great Charter”
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Magna Carta
• Took away some of the king’s power• King could not collect taxes without
permission• Freemen had the right to a fair trial by a jury• Established the idea that people have rights• Limited the power of the government
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King Edward I of England
• 1200 A.D.• Gathered people together to create a
Parliament– Made decisions together on important
issues– “representative government”
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Parliament
• Original Plan:– 2 knights– 2 people from every town– All high-ranking nobles/church officials
• Second Plan:– Two houses• House of Lords-high ranking nobles/church officials• House of Commons-Knights/townspeople
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Philip II of France
• King from 1180-1223• Went to war with England to get French lands
from English control• Gained power/control for France in Europe
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Philip IV of France
• King from 1284-1314• Wanted a representative government• Met with the Estates-General– 3 groups of people:• First Estate-priests• Second Estate-Nobles• Third Estate-townspeople/peasants
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Eastern Europe
• Divided in three groups– 1. Southern Slavs-Croats, Serbs, and Bulgarians– 2. Western Slavs-Poles, Czechs, and Slovaks– 3. Eastern Slavs-Eukrainians, Belorussians, and
Russians
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Slavs• Farmers• Chopped down forests and burned the trees
to fertilize the land• Planted barley, rye, and flax• Were invaded by Vikings (called the Rus) in
the 700s AD
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Oleg
• Viking leader in 900 A.D.• Led from the city of Kiev• Took control of all 3 groups of Slavs• United the groups into what is today Russia
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Mongols
• Attacked Kiev/Russia• All major cities were destroyed• Killed many people• Forced Russian rulers to pay tribute
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Rise of Moscow
• Grand Dukes of Moscow:– Married the daughters of rulers from other lands– Fought wars to get more territory– Collected taxes for Mongols=more power
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Ivan IV
• Grand duke in 1462• Built big palaces/churches in Moscow• Started calling himself Czar Ivan IV• Defeated the Mongols/kicked them out of
Russia• Started expanding his empire north and west