ch 15: the jazz age 1921-1929 section 1: a clash of values
TRANSCRIPT
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Ch 15: The Jazz Age 1921-1929
Section 1: A Clash of Values
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Anti-immigration
• Immigration on the rise after WWI• 14 million immigrants out of 105 million
Americans• Mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe• Americans afraid of losing jobs to new comers• Quota Act-limited immigrants to 3% of their
people in U.S. population
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Pro-American View Point
• Americans wanted to stop immigration• Didn’t want people from Russia, Germany,
and Italy here• Rise in racism and nativism– Ex: Sacco-Vanzetti Case
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Racism with Science
• Eugenics: the idea that we should stop breeding people with “bad” genes
• Americans considered “bad” to be anyone not from northern Europe
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Eugenics: “Unfit” People
• Groups include:– Minorities– Disabled– Ethnic Europeans– Anyone from a poor social class
• Solution:– Birth control– Sterilization
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Eugenics “Fit” People
• Middle to High Class Americans• Physically fit people• Were encouraged to have lots of kids• Were told using birth control was hurting your
race
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Ku Klux Klan
• Second wave of KKK in the 1920s• Targeted– African Americans– Catholics– Jews– Immigrants– Groups that were considered Un-American like
communists
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KKK
• Membership rose to 4 million people• Northern and Southern members• Paid politicians for anti-immigration bills• Lost power with the decline of immigration by
the 1930s
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National Origins Act of 1924
• Used the 1890 census to determine the amount of immigrants that can come from each country
• Limited immigration to 150,000 people per year
• Northwestern Europe got the most people to come over
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Mexican Immigrants
• Were allowed for farming during WWI• 600,000 came between 1900-1920 to help
with irrigation projects in the SW U.S.• Mexicans did not qualify for the Quota Act
• 1921 Quota Act – A temporary quota system limiting immigration.
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Cultures Merge
• When new groups came together, they shared ideas
• Youth wanted more freedom
• Women wanted to work• Minority groups gained powerful positions for
the first time in areas like Chicago and New York
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Causes For New Freedom
• Employment of the youth in new jobs• Higher education– Pre-war: 7% of people graduated from high
school– Post-war: 41% graduated from high school by the
1930s– College was not an option for most people
• Rise in car sales
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“Flappers”
• Rebellious women• Wore short skirts/dresses• Drank alcohol• Smoked• Copied images of celebrities from the day
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Conservative America
• Fundamentalist Beliefs:– Bible was true/without error– Didn’t believe in Evolution– Believed in Creationism
• Scopes Trial:– Took place in Tennessee– TN said it was illegal to teach evolution– John Scopes was arrested for teaching evolution– Split Fundamentalists after the trial
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Prohibition
• 18th Amendment:– Made it illegal to make, sell, and drink alcohol in
1920
• Goal of Prohibition:– To reduce unemployment– To reduce domestic violence– To reduce poverty
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Volstead Act• Gave U.S. Treasury Dept. the task of enforcing
prohibition• Gave police powers to a new group of people– No longer given by states– Federal gov’t gets to give out the power
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Anti-Prohibition
• People still smuggled alcohol or made their own “moonshine.”
• Illegal bars called speakeasies were created all over the country in big cities.
• The Italian mob also provided liquor.– Ex: Al Capone in Chicago
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End of Prohibition• Prohibition failed• Illegal alcohol made for a billion dollar
business• Prohibition failed to reduce poverty, domestic
violence, and unemployment• 21st Amendment-ended prohibition in 1933
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Sources:
• The American Republic Textbook Since 1877• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/
peopleevents/e_eugenics.html • http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/
snpmech2.htm