Ch 16: Popln Genetics and Speciation16.1 Genetic Equilibrium - stableI. Variation of Traits Within a Popln

A. popln genetics – study of evoln from genetic point of view

B. microevoln – small scale – genetics of a population

C. Causes of variation 1. mutation2. recombination3. random pairing of gametes

II. Gene PoolA. defn – total genetic info of poplnB. allele frequency – how often allele (trait) appears in popln

16.2 Disruption of Genetic EquilibriumI. MutationII. Gene Flow

A. gene flow – moving genes from one popln to another

B. emigrationC. immigration

III. Natural Selection

Natural selectionin action

IV. Genetic Drift – allele frequencies change by chance

• V. Nonrandom Mating – mate selection - due to proximity, calling, etc

16. 3 Formation of SpeciesI. The Concept of Species

A. species – similar organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspringB. speciation – making a new species

• Forming of species

II. Isolation and SpeciationA. Speciation begins with isolationB. Geographical isolation

1. physical separation2. canyons, mountain, water, etc

C. Reproduction Isolation1. prezygotic isolation – premating

isolation (before)a. mating call not recognizedb. mating times (frogs pg 329)

2. postzygotic isolation – postmatinga. offspring may dieb. offspring may not dev

completelyc. offspring may be infertile

III. Rates of SpeciationA. gradualism – slowlyB. punctuated equilibrium – rapid change in little periods

• Overview of theory of evolution

Tortoise