ESB: Ch. 18 Study Guide Name: ______________________ Period: _____________________ Date: __________________

Sec 18.1: Water in the AtmosphereChanges of State1. Select the appropriate letter in the figure that identifies water’s changes of state:

_____ sublimation, _____deposition, _____condensation, _____ freezing, _____ evaporation, _____melting

2. Fill in the following tableChangeof State

Description Latent Heat (absorbs, releases)

Evaporation

Condensation

Melting

Freezing

Sublimation

Deposition

Humidity: Match_____ Humidity

_____ Relative humidity

_____ Dew point

_____ Saturation

_____ Psychrometer

a. A device, consisting of two thermometers, that is used to calculate relative humidity.b. A measure of humidity expressed as a temperature.c. A ratio of air’s water vapor content compared to the amount it could possibly hold.d. Occurs when air holds all of the water vapor that it could possibly contain at a specific

temperature and pressure.e. The term for water vapor in air.

Sec 18.2: Cloud Formation

3. Use the following words to fill in the blanks below: adiabatic cooling, clouds, condense, cools, saturated, warms

When air is allowed to expand, it ______________. When air is compressed it ______________. Rising air expands and cools (this is termed

____________________________). When the air reaches its dew point, it becomes ______________ and water droplets ______________ in the

air. These masses of water droplets are visible as ______________.

Use the figure to answer the following questions:

4. According to the figure, at what altitude does the wet adiabatic rate start?

5. What is the temperature of air near the surface?

6. At what temperature does the air release its moisture as condensation to form clouds?

Processes that Lift Air

7. Matching: _____ Orographic lifting

_____ Frontal Wedging

_____ Convergence

_____ Localized convective lifting

a. Differences in reflectivity, e.g., asphalt road versus grassy field, create areas of warmer and cooler air. Rising warm air creates clouds, sinking cool air is clear

b. Occurs when air comes together after moving from different directions and rises causing cloud formation cools adiabatically creating clouds and storms

c. Warm and cold air masses collide and warm air is forced up over the cooler air. The rising air cools adiabatically creating clouds, precipitation, and storms

d. When air is forced up the sides of mountains, it rises creating clouds and precipitation

8. Above the ground, tiny particles called ____________________ serve as surfaces for water vapor condensation.

Sec 18.3: Cloud Types and PrecipitationCloud Classification9. Clouds have ____________________ names and are classified according to their ____________________ and ____________________.

10. Matching:

_____ Alto

_____ Cirrus

_____ Cumulus

_____ Fog

_____ Nimbo

_____ Stratus

a. High, white, and thin, resemble feathers or cotton candy. Made of ice crystalsb. Flat, layered, sheet-like clouds c. Prefix for clouds of middle heightd. Rounded, lumpy cloud masses, resemble cauliflowere. Prefix for clouds that produce precipitation

11. Label the cloud photographs:

____________________ ____________________ ____________________

12. List five types of precipitation.