ch. 19 gothic to renaissance
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Chapter 19
From Gothic To Renaissance
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Renaissance
• What does Renaissance Mean?
• Italy was divided into many city states – Venice, Florence, etc.
• Powerful city states- Naples & Milan
• Prosperity
• Guilds are very important
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What happened after the middle ages?
• Black Death approx 25-50 % of European Population is gone
• Focus on Death – many hospitals are built
• The Great Schism - Who is the rightful owner of the church?– 40 years of fighting between French and Italian Pope
• Humanism will rise – Roman and Greek lit. and art are of great interest
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Berlinghieri – St. Francis altarpiece1235
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Pisano- pulpit of Pisa Cathedral baptistery
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Nicola Pisano- Left ( The Annunciation and the Nativity 1259)
Giovanni Pisano – Right ( The Annunciation and the Nativity 1297)
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Cavallini –Seated Apostles – detail of the Last Judgment –Rome 1291
• Roman style of painting
• Abandoned Byzantine Style
• Great form • Light & 3d
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Cimabue – Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Prophets 1280
• Slender figure • Project Light• Throne is deep• Influenced by
Byzantine Examples• Gold embellishments
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Bondone – Madonna Enthroned1310ce
• Naturalistic approach• Not sure where his influence is
from, possibly from Cavallini• Gaining insight on the world, new
way of seeing• Gothic throne, breaks away from
flatness
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Arena Chapel - Giotto 1305
• Interior of the Arena Chapel –
• A private chapel• 1305-1306• Chronicled the lives of the
Virgin Mary and Christ• Barrel Vaulted / 6
windows• Flat surface• Chiaroscuro
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Lamentation – Giotto - 1305• Hysterical Grief • Mary cradles her sons
body• Mary Magdalene looks
at the wounds of Christ’s feet, St. John throws his arms back dramatically
• Strong diagonal / rocky ledge
• Tree = good and evil
• Depth / light and shade – upper parts of the body have light
• Perspective and first signs of chiaroscuro
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Republic of Siena & Florence
• 14 th Century city states – important for art
• People of Siena believed that the Virgin helped them with their victories
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Duccio di Buoninsegna – Virgin and Child Enthroned( Altarpiece 1308)
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From the Maesta Altarpiece
• In the Siena cathedral ( high altar)
• Queen of Heaven• Focus of worship• Illusion ( from Giotto
style)• Soften lines
compared to Byzantine style
The Silk Road
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Duccio BuoninsegnaBetrayal of Jesus from Maesta Altarpiece1309ce
• False kiss of Judas• Disciples fleeing in
terror• Not flat• International style
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Duccio started the Sienese School
• Simone Martini – pupil of Duccio
• Martini started the International Style- appealed to aristocratic taste because of bold colors and lavish costumes, ornamentation and themes
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Martini – and Memmi(?)
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Lorenzetti- The Birth of the Virgin 1342
• St. Anne laying• Built for Sienna
Cathedral• Divided• Illusion ( St. Anne)• Midwives wash child,
upper class Italian house
• Joachim –waits for delivery
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Palazzo Pubblico –Siena 1288
• Admiration of Sienas citizens
• Lofty Tower• Lookout over the city• Bell rang as different
types of situations• Class struggle, feuds• High tower avoids
most missiles
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Effects of Good Gov’t in the city and in the country – Ambrogio
Lorenzetti – Sienna 1338• Reminders of what a good city can be like when everyone gets along. Siena was
turbulent- fights, violent party struggle, • Panoramic view of the city palaces, markets, towers, churches, streets and walls. •
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Florence
• Economic prosperity
• Dominant City State
• Banking operations
• Rich
• Church was planned to hold entire population
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Florence Cathedral – Cambio 1296
• Old Tuscan style of decoration
• Marble encrusted geometric designs
• Simple geometric • Nave afterthought in
cathedral
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Conclusion
• Giotto and Duccio – abandon some of the conventions of medieval art
• Greater illusionism
• Stronger emotional demonstrations
• Humanism starts
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