ch 2 biochemistry organic ap
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 2
Organic Compounds
![Page 2: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Biochemistry: Essentials for LifeBiochemistry: Essentials for Life
1. Organic compounds
• Contain carbon with hydrogen and oxygen
• Most are covalently bonded
• Example: C6H12O6 (glucose)
2. Inorganic compounds
• Lack carbon w/ H & O
• Tend to be simpler compounds
• Example: H2O (water), CO2
![Page 3: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Important Inorganic CompoundsImportant Inorganic Compounds
1. Water
• Most abundant inorganic compounds
• Vital properties
• High heat capacity
• Polarity/solvent properties
• Chemical reactivity
• Cushioning
![Page 4: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Important Inorganic CompoundsImportant Inorganic Compounds2. Salts
• Easily dissociate into ions in the presence of water
• Vital to many body functions
• Include electrolytes which conduct electrical currents
![Page 6: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Important Inorganic CompoundsImportant Inorganic Compounds3. Acids
• Can release detectable hydrogen ions
4. Bases
• Proton acceptors
![Page 7: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
pHpH
• Measures relative concentration of hydrogen ions
• pH 7 = neutral
• pH below 7 = acidic
• pH above 7 = basic
• Buffers
• Chemicals that can regulate pH change
![Page 8: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Important Organic CompoundsImportant Organic Compounds
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids
• ATP
![Page 10: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
1. Carbohydrates
• Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Include sugars and starches
• Classified according to size
• Monosaccharides – simple sugars
• Disaccharides – two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis
• Polysaccharides – long branching chains of linked simple sugars
![Page 11: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Figure 2.12a, b
![Page 12: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
2. Lipids
• Contain carbon+, hydrogen+, and oxygen
• C and H outnumber O
• Insoluble in water
![Page 17: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Common lipids in the human body
a. Neutral fats (triglycerides)- Found in fat deposits- Composed of fatty acids & glycerol- Source of stored energy
b. Phospholipids- Form cell membranes
c. Steroids - cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, & some
hormones
![Page 18: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
LipidsLipids
![Page 19: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CholesterolCholesterol
![Page 22: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3. Proteins
• Made of amino acids
• Contain C, O, H, N, and sometimes sulfur
• over ½ of body’s organic matter
• Structural (fibrous) proteins
Ex. keratin
• Functional (globular) proteins
Ex. enzymes, hormones, & antibodies
![Page 23: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Enzymes (Functional Proteins)Enzymes (Functional Proteins)
• Act as biological catalysts
• Increase the rate of chemical reactions
![Page 28: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
4. Nucleic Acids
• Provide blueprint of life
• Nucleotide bases
• A = Adenine
• G = Guanine
• C = Cytosine
• T = Thymine
• U = Uracil
• Make DNA and RNA
![Page 29: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
5. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• Chemical energy used by all cells
• Energy is released by breaking high energy phosphate bond
• ATP is replenished by oxidation of food fuels
![Page 32: Ch 2 Biochemistry Organic Ap](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/55503b79b4c905b2788b45bc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
How ATP Drives Cellular WorkHow ATP Drives Cellular Work