ch 2 southern colonization n england n roanoke island, 1585 n roanoke, 1587 n why go? n joint-stock...
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Ch 2Southern Colonization
England Roanoke Island, 1585 Roanoke, 1587 Why go? Joint-stock company Jamestown, 1607 John Smith Starving time, 1609-1610 John Rolfe\Tobacco Headright system
Indentured servant House of Burgesses Maryland Carolina Georgia Other info
England England began to
compete for land in the new world
Main competitors? Queen Elizabeth Must begin to
colonize to compete
Roanoke, 1585 The English began to seek
settlements in the New World of America and began with Roanoke in 1585
First attempt at English colonization
Off of the coast of Virginia (named after the Queen)
Led by Ralph Lane they arrived too late in the season for growing and created conflicts with the Roanoke Indians (killing their chief)
Colonists found starving and taken back home by Sir Francis Drake in 1586
Roanoke Island Settlement1587
Led by John White (friend of Sir Walter Raleigh)
117 colonists – White’s daughter included– Manteo returned
Each settler would receive 500 acres of land & some view in the government of the colony.
White sailed back to get more supplies (delayed 3 years by war)
In 1590 White returned and found the colony had disappeared: Lost Colony
White had to leave before a search could be started (hurricane)
Colonization increased after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588
Dare Stone•Virginia Dare (first English child born in America)•Stone found in Edenton near Chowan River•Indian attack; moved inland•Fake?
Anaias Dare & Virginia Dare went hence into heaven 1591Any Englishmen, show John White, Governor of Virginia.
Dare Stone
Father, soon after you went to England, we came here / Only misery & a war torn year / About half are dead for two years or more from sickness, we are four & twenty / Savage with a message of a ship was brought to us / In a small space of time they became afraid of revenge (by British) and all ran away / We believe it was not you / Soon after the savages, fearing angry spirits / Suddenly murdered all, save seven / My child, Ananias too, were slain with much misery / Buried all four miles east of this river on a small hill / Names are written there on a rock / Put this there also / Savage show this unto you & hither we promise you will give great and plenty presents Elenor White Dare
Many lost land through enclosementSurplus populationPrimogenitureUnemploymentReligious freedom
Why would people be willing to go to a new, hostile land?
Joint-stock companies
Finance colonization to the New World; buying stock
Used by the English
Many went to look for gold, passages to India, etc.
Not for long term colonization The Virginia Company was given a
charter by the Queen that gave them rights as Englishmen even that far away
Jamestown-1607
Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in America; founded by the Virginia Company
They faced many problems:– disease, famine,
leadership problems John Smith took control of the
colony and said if you don’t work, you don’t eat
Required four hours of work in the farms daily
Many who came to America were not used to the hardships they faced
Told that if they didn’t make a profit, they would lose financial support
Many came looking for gold; not looking for food
Starving Time Time of famine during the
winter of 1609 Smith had left the colony due
to a gunpowder accident and new supplies (and colonists) sank off the coast of Bermuda
Two desperate colonists were tied to posts and left to starve as punishment for raiding the colonies' stores. One colonist even took to cannibalism, eating his own wife.
More supplies eventually followed and a new crop helped make the colony productive
Driven by desperate famine, a colonist in the Starving Time killed and ate his pregnant wife.
He was then seized, hanged by his thumbs until he confessed, and burned alive.
Confession was coaxed by means of hanging him by his thumbs and applying weights to his feet.
Likely part of purification or martial rites, cannibalism was practiced by some Indian tribes, here in Theodore de Bry's 1592 scene.
Saving the colony….. John Rolfe saved the
colony of Jamestown by getting help from the Indians to grow tobacco
It was exported the England in large quantities
The crop saved the colony Colonists began to expand
further inland He later married Pocahontas Daughter of Powhatan Not John Smith…thanks
Disney
Coming to America Tobacco was labor intensive and labor was needed African slaves too costly now Indians? Headright system: pay your way to the New World and get free land
(50 acres) You got even more land if you brought extra people with you Indentured Servant: someone pays your way and you work for them
for a set time Typically 3-7 years There were laws that protected some of their rights. An indentured servant's contract could be extended as punishment for
breaking a law, such as running away, or in the case of female servants, becoming pregnant.
Some had to leave after their time was up. Why?
Colonial Government
1619: Two major events– First black slaves were
introduced into the colonies (VA)– House of Burgesses
representative colonial assembly– Similar to Parliament in England– Colonial assembly elected by the
people– The charter of Virginia was later
revoked (1624) and Virginia became a royal colony headed by a royal governor
To vote: 21, white, male, land owner
Maryland Established as a
proprietary colony Land given by the king to
Lord Baltimore Established as a refuge
for Catholics fleeing England
Tobacco Act of Toleration, 1649 Religious toleration to
those who believed in the divinity of Jesus (no Jews or atheists)
Led to diverse population
Carolina-1670 Charles II 8 Lord Proprietors Rice became an important crop;
esp. SC Brunswick county had some rice
production Naval stores (pitch, tar) Led in more slaves Charles Town North Carolina not as aristocratic
like Virginia and SC 1719 NC became it’s own colony Both were royal colonies What is the oldest town in NC?
Orton Plantation
Georgia Georgia was est. 1733 as a
debtor colony Debtors were those who
couldn’t pay their debts or taxes
It was better than an English jail
No slavery Among founders: James
Oglethorpe Also used as a buffer
between Spanish and American colonies
More info
Southern colonies develop quickly due to cash crops
Slavery began to provide cheap labor Large amounts of land was being held
by the few and an aristocratic class emerged (not NC and Ga.)
Scattered towns made establishing churches and schools difficult
C ou n ty sys temd eve lop ed
A g ricu ltu re an dp lan ta tion s
are b as is o f econ om y
L itt le re lig iou sin flu en ce
S ou th ernC o lon ies