ch 20 colonial encounters
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 20
Colonial Encounters
1750-1914
European Imperialism 1750-1914•Economic Dominance–Modernize colonial trade markets
•Political Dominance–Colonies = national security and power
• Charitable work–“civilizing” the “savages”
Direct and Indirect RuleCooperation (why?) and Rebellion
Forced Labor: Construction Projects, Resources, High taxes
Agricultural Focus on Cash Cropssome capitalist benefits, many consequences
Wage Labor – Skilled and Unskilledplantations, mining, govt work, construction
Spread of Christianity often linked to education (Africanized)
Education and social mobility
What is the danger in giving colonial subjects a western education?
The Scramble for Africa1881-1914
Berlin Conference (1884-1885)“effective occupation”
1878
By 1910
Technologies and military superiority fostered imperialism
Quinine
TelegraphMachine
Gun
Steamship
“It was not a battle but an execution. The bodies were not in heaps…but they spread evenly over acres and acres.”
-British Soldier from J. Ellis, The Social History of the Machine Gun
Cecil Rhodes(1853-1902)
British Imperialist
Diamond Business
(De Beers)
Rhodesia is now Zimbabwe
“We must find new lands from which we can easily
obtain raw materials and at the same time exploit the cheap slave labor that is
available from the natives of the colonies. The colonies would also
provide a dumping ground for the surplus goods
produced in our factories.”
“Africa is still lying ready for us it is our duty to take
it. It is our duty to seize every opportunity for
acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before
our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race more of the best the most human, most honourable race the
world possess.”
"To think of these stars that you see overhead
at night, these vast worlds which we can never reach. I would annex the planets if I could; I often think of that. It makes me sad to see them so clear
and yet so far."
KingLeopold II of
Belgium(1835-1909)
Conquest and personal
ownership of the Congo
“I do not want to miss a good
chance of getting us a slice of this magnificent
African cake”
Leopold’s wealth came from harvesting rubber
Leopold’s conquest was bloody and brutal
“… It is curious that the most advanced and most enlightened century of all the centuries the
sun has looked upon should have the ghastly distinction of having produced this moldy and piety-mouthing hypocrite, this bloody
monster whose mate is not findable in human history
anywhere, and whose personality will surely shame hell itself when
he arrives there--which will be soon, let us hope and trust.”
Critics of Imperialism
Imperialism in Asia
Dutch expanded control of East Indies
French Indochina
Russian expansion
USA took Philippines from
Spain
Japan invaded KoreaBritish
India
French Indochina 1887-1954
Resources (rubber) and markets
“The Great Game” 1813-1907UK and Russia compete for supremacy
in Central Asia (esp. Afghanistan)
India under the British Raj1858-1947 (BEIC in 1750s)“The Jewel of the Empire”
Social Divisions
Hindu castes
Pro- British education
Hindu/Muslim
Indian sepoy soldiers
Great Rebellion1857 and 1858
(Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence)
British and loyal Indians wonPower transferred from BEIC to British Govt
Queen Victoria
(1819-1901)RuledUnited
Kingdom 1837-1901
UK Economic Policy Hurt Indians1800-1900 30,000,000 died of starvation
Christianity not widespread
Hinduism more
united
Hindus and Muslims
more divided
1885 Indian National Congress wanted more home rule
(like Canada and Australia)
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)
Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)
Did Colonial Rule bring Progress or Suffering?
Comparing 3 examples ofNative Reaction to Western Imperialists
Ghost Dance Xhosa Cattle Killing Boxer Rebellion1890 West USA 1854 South Africa 1899 China