ch 22.2 origins of the cold war
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 22
Section 1: Aftermath of War in Europe
Section 2: Origins of the Cold War
Europe and North America in the Postwar Years
SECTION 2
Origins of the Cold War
NATO Warsaw PactBoth
Bell Ringer 22.2:What are the similarities and differences between NATO and the Warsaw Pact?
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Origins of the Cold War
A new rivalry emerges after World War II …
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Origins of the Cold War
EASTERNBLOC
WESTERNBLOC
United Statessupported by
Westerndemocracies andnoncommunist
nations.
Soviet Union andits allies ofcommunistCountries.
This struggle quicklybecame known
as theCOLD WAR.
Political Cartoon
Origins of the Cold War
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Origins of the Cold War
Two sides were very different…• Completely different
economic and political systems
• Each side believed that its system should be the model for European reconstruction.
• Each side was concerned about future security.
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Origins of the Cold War
The “Iron Curtain”
• In a speech in Fulton, Missouri -Winston Churchill said that “…an ‘iron curtain’ has descended across the Continent …”
• …became a short-hand reference to the division of Europe as the Cold War strengthened.
• The Iron Curtain served to keep people in and information out of communist controlled countries.
Political Cartoon
Origins of the Cold War
Political Cartoon
Origins of the Cold War
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Origins of the Cold War
United States aids Europe…• Civil war broke out in Greece in
1944 between communists and conservatives.
• GB had intervened and declared a truce.
• In 1946 the communists renewed the war.
• In February 1947, the British told Truman they could no longer afford to keep their soldiers in Greece.
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Origins of the Cold War
12 Mar 1947 – President Truman addresses Congress and setforth a policy that is called the Truman Doctrine.
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Origins of the Cold War
Truman Doctrine• Declared the US must consider the
continued spread of communism to be a threat to democracy
• The US would support free peoples resisted takeover by communism
• Asked Congress to provide $400 million to help defend Greece and Turkey from communist aggression
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Origins of the Cold War
We would NOT stamp out communism where it already existed.But if a country requested assistance to prevent a communist takeover,
We would offer materials, money, and technical assistance.
The United States committed itself to restrict or containthe spread of communism.
CONTAINMENT
Visual Source
Origins of the Cold WarThis illustration from the July 16, 1948, U.S. News magazine shows the beginnings of American containment policy. The U.S. is seen sending troops, advisors and weapons to Turkey in hopes that the country will resist communism and remain democratic.
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Origins of the Cold War
Marshall Plan• On June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall
announced the European Recovery Program.
• To avoid antagonizing the Soviet Union, Marshall announced that the purpose of sending aid to Western Europe was completely humanitarian, and even offered aid to the communist states in the east.
• … created an economic miracle in Western Europe. By the target date of the program four years later, Western European industries were producing twice as much as they had been the year before war broke out.
Political Cartoon
Origins of the Cold War
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Origins of the Cold War
The Cold War In Europe• How did the Soviets react to the Truman
Doctrine and the Marshall Plan?• American capitalist plot to dominate Europe
• What was their response?• Formation of the Communist Information Bureau
(Cominform)• Tightened its grip on Eastern Europe
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Origins of the Cold War
NATO
Warsaw Pact
CHAPTER 22
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Origins of the Cold War
members relied heavily on U.S. nuclear weapons as a deterrent to aggression
members pledged to supply troops in proportion to their population in case of attack
meant to pro-vide protection
for member nations in
case of attack
NATO Warsaw PactBoth