ch. 23 circulation respiration
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Section 1: The Cardiovascular System Objectives: List four main parts of the cardiovascular system, and describe their functions. Describe the two types of circulation of blood in the body. List four cardiovascular problems.TRANSCRIPT
Ch. 23 Circulation & Respiration Section 1: The
Cardiovascular System
Objectives: List four main parts of the cardiovascular system, and
describe their functions. Describe the two types of circulation of
blood in the body. List four cardiovascular problems.
Cardiovascular system components:
Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins Heart 4 Chambers: right atria left
atria right ventricle
left ventricle valves-separate chambers aorta major artery vena
cava major vein pulmonary artery and vein 3 Types of Blood
Vessels:
Artery Capillary Vein Arteries Arteries Always carry blood Away
from the heart
Thick walls to support pressure from heart pumping Usually bright
red due to highly oxygenated blood Aorta major artery supplying
bodys blood Coronary artery supplies hearts blood Carotid artery
supplies brains blood Pulmonary artery supplies lungs blood (low O2
darker) Capillaries Smallest of all blood vessels single file
Where the diffusion of gases and other molecules takes place
(things entering and leaving your blood) No cell in your body is
more than 3 or 4 cells away from a capillary Veins Always take
blood towards the heart Thinner than arteries
Darker color due to less oxygenated blood Vena Cava major vein
returning bodys blood Jugular vein vein returning brains blood
Pulmonary vein returning lungs blood (high O2 bright) 2 Types of
Circulation (Blood Flow)
Pulmonary Circulation heart to lungs and back Systemic Circulation
heart to rest of body and back Cardiovascular Problems
Atherosclerosis When cholesterol builds up in the walls of blood
vessels and restricts blood flow High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
Stroke when a blood vessel in the brain becomes clogged or ruptures
part of the brain receives no oxygen brain cells die.
Cardiovascular Problems
Heart Attack / Heart Failure Heart attack - when heart muscle cells
die and part of the heart is damaged.Too many cells dying could
cause the heart to stop. (cardiac arrest) Heart failure not enough
blood being pumped to the body.Important organs may suffer or stop
working. Section 2: Blood Objectives:
Identify the four main components of blood. Describe three
functions of blood. Explain how blood pressure is measured. Explain
what the ABO blood types are and why they are important. Blood 3
Functions: Transport sends nutrients and oxygen throughout your
body Immunity protects your body against antigens Healing clots to
stop bleeding after a cut or bruise 55% Plasma mostly water 44% RBC
1% WBC and platelets Plasma Liquid Mostly water Functions:
Transport
Carries hormones and wastes Makes up 55% of the blood Red Blood
Cells (erythrocytes)
Most numerous Formed in the bone marrow Functions: Carries oxygen
and nutrients to body and waste back Filled with the protein
hemoglobin, which contains iron (makes your blood red, like rust)
Platelets Small pieces of cells from bone marrow Functions:
Healing
Collect around cuts and produce fibrin to make a net to stop
bleeding White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
Larger than RBCs Immunity Functions: Fight off invading organisms
(pathogens) Release antibodies to help identify pathogens Destroy
damaged/infected cells Body Temperature Regulation
The brain signals blood vessels in your skin to enlarge excess heat
is transferred from your blood to your skin body temperature
decreases Blood Pressure Every time your heart beats, it pushes
blood out of the heart and into your arteries. The force exerted by
blood on the inside walls of arteries is called blood pressure.
Blood Types Every person has one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or
O. Your blood type refers to the type of antigens you have on the
surface of your RBCs. Antigens the markers that identify what kind
of blood you have. Antibodies the markers that look for foreign
blood types to attack. Transfusion replacing your blood with
someone elses due to blood loss during surgery or an injury. Blood
Type Can receive Can donate to A A, O A, AB B B, O B, AB AB all AB
only O Section 3: The Lymphatic System
Objectives: Describe the relationship between the lymphatic system
and the circulatory system. Identify six parts of the lymphatic
system, and describe their functions. Lymphatic System Like another
circulatory system
Group of tissues and organs that collects excess fluid and returns
it to your blood Helps fight pathogens Lymph capillaries absorb
fluid and small particles (dead cells/pathogens) near cells
Lymphatic vessels carry this lymph back towards your neck where it
drains into veins of the cardiovascular system Other Parts of the
Lymphatic System
Bone Marrow where most red and white blood cells are produced Lymph
nodes small bean shaped masses of tissue that remove pathogens and
dead cells from the lymph Lymphocytes are types of WBCs that fill
lymph nodes and attack pathogens Lymph nodes get swollen when you
have an infection.Why??? Thymus gland that makes T cells ready to
fight
Spleen soft and spongy organ that produces lymphocytes recycles
old/damaged RBCs Tonsils tissue that stores WBCs and fights
infections Section 4: The Respiratory System
Objectives: Describe the parts of respiratory system and their
functions. Explain how breathing happens. Discuss the relationship
between the respiratory system and the cardiovascular system.
Identify two respiratory disorders. Respiration vs. Breathing
Breathing and respiration are not the same thing. Breathing is only
one part of respiration. Respiration = breathing + cellular
respiration Breathing - inhaling and exhaling Cellular respiration
involves chemical reactions that release energy from food. The
Respiratory System
Consists of the group of organs that take in oxygen and get rid of
carbon dioxide: Nose Throat (pharynx) Lungs Passageways that lead
to the lungs Nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles
alveoli lungs vocal cords pharynx (throat) trachea (windpipe)
larynx lung bronchus bronchiole diaphragm alveoli Gas Exchange
Breathing diaphragm Respiratory Disorders
Asthma-causes the bronchioles to narrow; causes difficulty
breathing; an asthma attack may be set off by irritants like dust
or pollen Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a
virus; may cause fever and difficulty breathing Emphysema-caused by
damaged alveoli