Ch. 23 Head and FaceEYE

Objectives Describe the anatomy of the head and face. Discuss common injuries to the head, face,

teeth, eyes, nose, ears, and scalp. Explain various injuries of the brain that an

athlete might suffer as a result of athletic participation.

Explain the signs and symptoms of a concussion.

Demonstrate on-field management and assessment of concussions

Eye 1 inch in diameter Lacrimal ducts-tear ducts

Empties into nasal passage Conjuctiva-outermost covering of the

eye 3 layers that make up the wall

Sclera Choroid Retina

Sclera White part of the eye Cornea

Window of the eye Very sensitive to pain and touch

Choroid Coat Middle layer Pupil-opening that permits light Iris-colored part of the eye

Based on melanin present Extrinsic eye muscles

Moves eye around Intrinsic eye muscles

Constricts and dilates pupils

Retina Innermost layer Does not extend to the front of the eye Light rays from an object forms an

image Rods and cones-special cells sensitive to

light Retina may change shape causing

objects to appear blurry Correct with contacts or glasses

Corneal Abrasion A scratch or small

cut of the cornea Caused by dirt,

foreign object, or rubbing eyes hard

Fluorescent strips

Eye Contusion Also known as black

eye Caused by blow to the

eye Should have no vision

problems Discoloration is from

bleeding under the skin Treat with cold

compress

Orbital Blow-out Fracture Fracture of the bones

supporting the socket Caused by blow to

the eye by large object

S/S: pain around eye and with eye movement

Cover both eyes and refer to doctor

Hyphema Bleeding in the eye Blood will begin to

pool in the anterior portion of the eye

Must refer to doctor immediately

Left untreated may cause blindness

Conjunctivitis Pink Eye Infection of the

conjunctiva Could be viral, allergic,

or bacterial Treat with cold

compress and eye drops

Prescriptions may be required for serious cases

Detached Retina Caused by blow or

even a hard sneeze Blurred vision May see sparks,

flashes, or a curtain across field of vision

Surgery may be performed to save vision

Stye Staph infection on

the eyelid Can be external or

internal Apply warm

compress