Ch. 23 Reconstruction

1. Reconstruction = the period of time after the Civil War in which Southern states were rebuilt and brought back into the Union.

2. Civil Rights = the rights guaranteed by the Constitution to all people as citizens, especially equal treatment under the law. (14th Amendment)

Ch. 23 Reconstruction

3. Lincolns 10% plan.

- Check the Web.

4. Johnson’s Plan.

- Web.

Don’t need = Wade Davis Plan.

- Web.

Ch. 23 Reconstruction

6. Freedmen’s Bureau.- Government Agency set up to help former slaves

and protect them.- Ways they helped: Medical care, distribute the

land, food, clothing, job skills, EDUCATION (LASTED)7. Black Codes = Used to control former slaves

- Contract to work.- Jail if you did not, sentenced to

work on plantations.- No voting, juries, guns, and only certain jobs.- Angered Republicans and they

took over Reconstruction.

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8. Assassination of Lincoln.

- A friend to the south gone.

- Republicans fight with Johnson (VP) and take over reconstruction.

- Republicans thought Johnson’s Plan was to lenient (easy on the south).

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9. 13th Amendment = No slavery or forced servitude.

10. 14th Amendment = Citizenship to all those born in the U.S. and equal protection under the law. Can not deprive people of life, liberty, or property without due process and not based on race.

11. 15th Amendment = Right to vote for males over the age of 21 and can not take away the right based on race. Did not apply to N.A.

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12. The South’s New Voters and one old group:

- Conservative Democrats wanted to keep things as close to the way things were before the Civil War. Resisted Reconstruction.

- Southern Republicans (Scalawags), helped the North and sympathetic to A.A. in the south. Held power during Congressional Reconstruction.

- African Americans exercised rights to vote and served in office while protected by the Army.

- Northerners (Carpet Baggers) looking to settle in the south to help or profit from the South.

Ch. 23 Reconstruction

13. Carpetbaggers: were northerners coming to the south to help, to live, and to take advantage of the misfortune of the south, at times ($).

14. End of Reconstruction: Election of 1876 and the End of Reconstruction:

- No clear winner in the Electoral College.- Republicans win the disputed 20 votes and agree to

end Reconstruction.- African American’s Rights restricted after this

because the military is removed from the South.

Ch. 23 Reconstruction

15. Violence Against African Americans and the Enforcement Acts.

- Ku Klux Klan formed to strike fear (terrorists)

in A.A. and prevent them from exercising equal rights and voting.

(14th and 15th)- Used to return White Democrats to power.- Enforcement Acts passed to protect A.A.

rights and the military (5 districts) sent to the south to enforce the 14th and 15th Amendments.

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16. Reconstruction Reversed and Losing Ground in Education:

- Election of 1876 ended Reconstruction.

- White Democrats begin to take power again.

- Reduce spending on Public Schools, many close, others charge a fee. Luxury.

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17. Share Cropping and Restricting Rights.- Nothing but freedom. 40 acres and a mule. Emmett Till Video.- Tough for people to move, immigration map.- Sharecropping was a way to keep blacks in a new form of slavery and poor. Always debt.- Sharecroppers:

- Farmers rented the land and were given seed, tools, etc.

- At harvest time they paid back what they owed.- Never made enough to get ahead, due to bad book

keeping, etc. Cant move if in debt.

Ch. 23 Reconstruction

18. Losing Voting Rights, Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests.- Wanted to keep power out of the hands of blacks.

- Keep things as close to slavery as possible.- Resented the Army and reconstruction policies (Conservatives and White Democrats).- Used the KKK and fear to terrorize blacks and those who want to change things (Emmett Till, NAACP, others).- Poll Taxes = Luxury and A.A. could not afford to vote.- Literacy Test = Alabama (example), 5 pages or more, details of the constitution, many cant read or write, much less pass the test.- Grandfather Clauses = Those who had fathers or grand fathers that could vote before 1867 do not have to pay the tax or take the tests.

Ch. 23 Reconstruction

19. Drawing a Color Line, Jim Crow, and Plessy vs. Ferguson.- Segregation: - Separating the races becomes law after 1877. Separate restaurants, schools, bathrooms, street cars, etc.- Called Jim Crow Laws and trapped blacks in a hopeless situation.- Plessy v. Ferguson, ruled that segregation was legal as long as it was equal, but it never would be.- Better opportunities pulled A.A. to other parts of the country (push and pull / Notebook 23.7).

Ch. 23 Reconstruction

20. Responding to Segregation:- North = A.A. faced racism but could find more employment and more equal opportunities.- West = Faced discrimination but found work as cowboys and soldiers fighting N.A. on the frontier.- South = A.A relied on family, churches, communities built businesses, schools, improved lives, and relied on each other