CH. 23, THE NEW DEAL

SSUSH18 The student will describe Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the depression and compare the ways governmental programs aided those in need. a. Describe the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority as a works program and as an effort to control the environment. b. Explain the Wagner Act and the rise of industrial unionism. c. Explain the passage of the Social Security Act as a part of the second New Deal. e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “court packing bill,” and the Neutrality Act.

FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT’S NEW DEAL

1932 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, DEMOCRAT, AND HERBERT C. HOOVER, INCUMBENT REPUBLICAN

ELECTION RESULTS, 1932

THE NEW DEAL

The New Deal was the name that United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to a sequence of programs he initiated between 1933 and 1936 with the goal of giving work (relief) to the unemployed, reform of business and financial practices, and recovery of the economy during The Great Depression. **

THE NEW DEAL

The "First New Deal" of 1933 was aimed at short-term recovery programs for all groups. The Roosevelt administration promoted or implemented banking reform laws, emergency relief programs, work relief programs, agricultural programs, and industrial reform (the NRA), a federal welfare state, as well as the end of the gold standard and prohibition.

THE NEW DEAL

1.A NEW DEAL FOR THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, FDR

2. THREE GOALS

1)RELIEF FOR POOR

2)ECONOMIC RECOVERY

3)FINANCIAL REFORM

NEW DEAL, THE WPA

NEW DEAL, THE NATIONAL REVOVERY ADMINISTRATION

NEW DEAL

1.FDR FIRST HUNDRED DAYS

2.CONGRESS-15 PIECES OF LEGISLATION (LAWS) FOR RECOVERY

3.EXPANDED FED’S ROLE IN NATION’S ECONOMY

NEW DEAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS, TVA

1.TVA, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY ACT, 19332.The TVA was designed to modernize the region, using experts and electricity to combat human and economic problems. TVA developed fertilizers, taught farmers ways to improve crop yields and helped replant forests, control forest fires, and improve habitat for fish and wildlife. 3.The most dramatic change in Valley life came from TVA-generated electricity. Electric lights and modern appliances made life easier and farms more productive. Electricity also drew industries into the region, providing desperately needed jobs.

TVA

TVA GEOGRAPHIC AREA

TVA

SUMMARY

1.GENERATED HYDROELECTRICITY

2.PREVENTED FLOODS IN TN VALLEY

3.RENOVATED AND BUILT NEW DAMS

ADDITIONAL NEW DEAL PROGRAMS

1.CCC, CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS, ENVIRONMENT

2.PWA, PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION

3.NRA, NATIONAL RECOVERY ADMINISTRATION

4.WPA, WORKERS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION

SECOND NEW DEAL,

1.A "Second New Deal" (1935–36) included labor union support, the WPA relief program, the Social Security Act, and programs to aid farmers, including tenant farmers and migrant workers.

2.Implemented after original New Deal failed to mend economy of USA

IMPORTANT ACTIONS OF THE SECOND NEW DEAL

1.THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT, 19351)AKA, THE WAGNER ACT, LABOR REFORM2)ESTABLISHED COLLECTIVE BARGAINING RIGHTS FOR WORKERS3)PROHIBITED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES…INTIMIDATING WORKERS, STOPPING WORKERS FROM ORGANIZING UNIONS, AND FIRING UNION MEMBERS4)SET UP GOVT AGENCY WHERE WORKERS COULD TESTIFY ABOUT UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES5)HOLD ELECTIONS TO DECIDE UNIONIZATION6)ALLOWED STRIKES

ROBERT F. WAGNER

SECOND NEW DEAL, NLRA, CONTINUED

2.RISE OF INDUSTRIAL UNIONISM1)INDUSTRIAL WORKERS UNIONIZE2)FORMATION OF AFL, AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR, CRAFT-BASED UNION3)FORMATION OF CIO, CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS, SUPPORTED OTHER WORKERS NOT REPRESENTED BY AFL4)AFL AND CIO MERGE, 1955

AFL-CIO

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, Founded1886, Cur. affiliation date, 1955

SECOND NEW DEAL ACTIONS, CONTINUED

2.SOCIAL SECURITY ACT, 19351)The Social Security Act was drafted by President

Roosevelt's committee on economic security and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The act was an attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life, including old age poverty, unemployment, and the burdens of widows and fatherless children. By passing this act, President Roosevelt became the first president to advocate the protection of the elderly.

SOCIAL SECURITY ACT, 1935

2) U.S. Social Security is a social insurance program funded through dedicated payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA).

3) Contains several social welfare or social insurance programs.

SOCIAL SECURITY ACT

3) THREE IMPORTANT PROGRAMS OF SSAA.OLD-AGE INSURANCE FOR RETIREES OVER 65 AND SPOUSES, FUNDED BY HALF EMPLOYEE, HALF EMPLOYERB.UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION FUNDED BY FEDERAL TAX ON EMPLOYERS MANAGED BY STATESC.AID FOR DISABLED AND FAMILY WITH DEPENDENT CHILDREN FUNDED BY FED AND MANAGED BY STATES

SOCIAL SECURITY

SOCIAL SECURITY ACT

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

1. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt , October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962) was First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945. She supported the New Deal policies of her husband, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and assumed a role as an advocate for civil rights. 2. SOCIAL REFORMER3. HUMANITARIAN4. TRAVELED USA TO KEEP FDR INFORMED ABOUT ISSUES OF THE PEOPLE5. SUPPORTER OF WOMEN’S ISSUES6. CONVINCED FDR TO APPOINT WOMEN TO GOVT POSITIONS

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

1.Eleanor Roosevelt continued to be an internationally prominent author, speaker, politician, and activist for the New Deal coalition. She worked to enhance the status of working women. 2.She was a delegate to the UN General Assembly from 1945 and 1952, a job for which she was appointed by President Harry S. Truman and confirmed by the United States Senate. During her time at the United Nations she chaired the committee that drafted and approved the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. President Truman called her the "First Lady of the World" in tribute to her human rights achievements.

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

WITH THE REPUBLIC

OF CHINA’S FIRST

LADY RIGHT

ELEANOR ROOSEVELT

CHALLENGES TO FDR AT HOME AND ABROAD

1.CONSERVATIVES: FDR MADE FED TO LARGE AND POWERFUL; GOVERNMENT DID NOT PROTECT INDIVIDUAL AND PROPERTY RIGHTS

2.LIBERALS: FDR DID NOT DO ENOUGH TO ELIMINATE INEQUALITY.

THREE SPECIFIC CHALLENGES

1.HUEY LONG, US SENATOR, LA

2.COURT PACKING BILL, 1937

3.NEUTRALITY ACTS, 1939

1. HUEY LONG

1. Huey Pierce Long, Jr. (August 30, 1893 – September 10, 1935), nicknamed The Kingfish, was an American politician from the U.S. state of Louisiana. A Democrat, he was noted for his radical populist policies.

2. FDR’S BIGGEST CRITIC

3. DESIRED TO REPLACE FDR

4. PROPOSED A HOME, FOOD, CLOTHES, EDUCATION FOR EVERY AMERICAN

HUEY LONG

1. Long created the Share Our Wealth program in 1934, with the motto "Every Man a King" 2. Charismatic and immensely popular for his social reform programs and willingness to take forceful action, Long was accused by his opponents of dictatorial tendencies 3. At the height of his popularity, the colorful and flamboyant Long was shot on September 8, 1935, at the Louisiana State Capitol in Baton Rouge; he died two days later at the age of 42. His last words were reportedly, "God, don't let me die. I have so much left to do."

2. COURT PACKING BILL

1.JUDICIARY REORGANIZATION BILL, 1937

2.PROPOSED BY FDR TO GIVE PRESIDENTS MORE POWER TO APPOINT AN EXTRA SUPREME COURT JUSTICE FOR EVERY SITTING JUSTICE OVER THE AGE OF 70.5

3.FDR’S GOAL: “PACK” SCOTUS TO GIVE SUPPORT TO NEW DEAL

3. NEUTRALITY ACTS

1.PASSED BY CONGRESS TO KEEP FDR FROM INVOLVING USA IN ANOTHER EUROPEAN WAR2.MADE IT ILLEGAL TO SELL ARMS OR MAKE LOANS TO NATIONS AT WAR3.ACT #4 RECOGNIZED NAZI THREATS TO EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY AND ALLOWED “CASH AND CARRY” SALESa.Buyers pay $, send ships to USA for supplies, USA ships kept from being sunk by Germany

NEUTRALITY ACTS

The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws that were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II. They were spurred by the growth in isolationism and non-interventionism in the US following its costly involvement in World War I, and sought to ensure that the US would not become entangled again in foreign conflicts.