ch – 27 gauss’s law. symmetry a charge distribution is said to be symmetric if the following...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ch – 27 Gauss’s Law
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Symmetry
A charge distribution is said to be Symmetric if the following geometric transformations cause no physical change:
• Translation parallel to an axis• Rotation about an axis• Reflection in a plane containing or perpendicular
to an axis
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3 Fundamental Symmetries
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Stop to Think 27.1 p. 853
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Answer
Both A and D. Why?
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Electric Flux
The amount of electric field passing through a surface
A Gaussian surface is 3-dimensional closed surface surrounding a charge or charge distribution.
The electric field pattern through the surface is easy to draw if the closed surface matches the symmetry of the charge distribution inside
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Electric Flux
• There is a outward flux through a closed surface around a net positive charge
• There is an inward flux through a closed surface around a net negative charge
• There is no net flux through a closed surface around a region of space with no net charge
• The flux in or out of an enclosed surface is is proportional to the number of field lines inside the surface
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This box contains…
1. Only positive charge
2. Only negative charge
3. No charge
4. A net positive charge
5. A net negative charge
6. No net charge
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Answer
5 – more field lines going in than going out
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Area Vector
• A vector with the magnitude of the surface area and the direction normal to the surface
• The area vector is always directed outward from a closed surface
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Electric flux of a constant electric field
Ф = E cosθ
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Electric Flux of a nonuniform field
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The 2 cases we will be evaluating
1.If the electric field is everywhere tangent to a surface, the electric flux through the surface is 0.
2. If the electric field is everywhere perpendicular to a surface and has the same magnitude E at every point, the electric flux through the surface is EA.