Ch. 28 – 2 notes

• Women used Prog. Era to play key role in civic and social reform

• Women attacked industries which hurt (their) children; an extension of their traditional roles as mothers

• Issues like sweatshops, poor air, childcare and safe food• Women played role in two federal agencies—the Children’s

Bureau and the Women’s Bureau (Dept. of Labor)• Florence Kelley -- National Consumers League protected

women and children in the workplace• Muller V. Oregon (1908) – Supreme Court used

pragmatism to require special rules and protection on the job for women

• 1911- Triangle Shirtwaist Co. locked doors & fire - 146 young immigrant women died

• By 1917 – workers’ compensation –in over 30 states

* Alcohol caused major problems—corruption, votes, work, family

• Women’s Christian Temperance Mov’t (WCTU) founded by Frances Willard; 1M women members – along w/ Anti-Salon League

• 1919 - 18th Amd.- banned alcohol nationwideTR’s Square Deal for Labor• TR claimed everyone deserved a ‘square deal’• 1902 Coal Mine strike--140K miners on east coast• TR arbitrated a settlement between the workers

and owners• 1st time fed. gov’t opposed owners• an ineffective ICC led to the Elkins Act of 1903 –

punished RR’s and receivers of rebates

• Heburn Act of 1906 – greatly restricted free passes RR gave (to politicians)

• TR felt there were ‘good’ trusts and ‘bad’ trusts • He did not want to punish success – only if large

corporations acted as trusts• Trusts TR disbanded included J.B. Morgan’s Northern

Securities Co. RR business as well as beef & sugar• WHY? to prove that gov’t, not industry, ran the countryCaring for the Consumer• Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle was written to expose the

horrific working conditions in the meat-packing industry• However, it revealed unsanitary conditions of meatpacking

(inspired TR to take action)• Congress passed the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 – fed.

gov’t would inspect meat that traveled over state lines• Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906—prevented mislabeling of

food

• Analyze the reasons for the popularity of the Progressive movement during the frist two decades of the 20th century.