ch 4 + 2o 2 co 2 + 2h 2 o products reactants light energy co 2 + h 2 o + light energy c 6 h 12 o 6...
TRANSCRIPT
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
ProductsReactants
CO2 + H2O + LIGHT ENERGYLIGHT ENERGY C6H12O6 + O2
Equation for Photosynthesis
6 6 6
Counting AtomsSince atoms are single elements, when
counting them in a chemical equation, you look at the subscript (the little number below the symbol for the element)
If there is also a coefficient (the number in front of the element symbol), then you multiply that number times the subscript number to find the total number of atoms
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Coefficient
Subscript
Counting Atoms
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2OExample:
1 atom of Carbon
4 atoms of Hydrogen
4 atoms of Oxygen (2 X 2 = 4)
1 atom of Carbon
2 atoms of Oxygen
4 atoms of Hydrogen (2 X 2=4)
2 atoms of Oxygen (2 X 1=2)
Counting MoleculesSince molecules are many atoms
(elements) put together, when counting them in a chemical equation you ONLY look at the coefficient (the number in front of the element symbol)
Example:CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O1 molecule of
carbon dioxide1 molecule of
methane2 molecules of oxygen
2 molecules of water
Inorganic Substances
• Acids: substances that forms hydrogen (H) hydrogen ions in water. pH of 0-7.
• Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH) in water. pH scale of 7-14.
• Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine.
Not Containing Carbon
HClH2SO4
NaOHKOH
NaClMgCl2
Organic SubstancesOrganic SubstancesMolecule that is found in living systems; contains carbon; usually in rings or long chains
Organic SubstancesOrganic Substances
Small organic molecule (monomers(monomers) ) can link together to form longer and more complex molecules ((polymerspolymers).).
Monomers are joined through a process known as dehydration dehydration synthesissynthesis, the removal of waterwater.
monomer + monomer polymer + H2O
Organic SubstancesOrganic Substances
HydrolysisHydrolysis is the breaking of the bonds between monomers in a polymer by adding waterwater.
This process is necessary in digestiondigestion so that molecules can be small enough to be absorbed and transported into the cellcell.
polymer + H2O monomer + monomer
Properties of WaterUniversal Solvent – many substances will dissolve in water
Polar Molecule - Water is a polar molecule because the electrons from H are unequally shared.
Organic SubstancesStructure Subunit Types Roles Examples Identification
Carbohydrate (C, H & O in
a 1:2:1 ratio)
Saccharides
Lipids(C, H & O not
in a 1:2:1 ratio)
Protein(C, H, O & N)
Nucleic Acid(Sugar, Phosphate
& Nitrogen)
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Quick Energy
Delayed energy or structural
GlucoseFructose(sugars)CelluloseGlycogen
Starch
Benedict’s Reagent
Iodine
Benedict’s Results (Simple Sugars)Negative test- stayed the same color- light blue
- +Positive test- color changed to orange
Glucose waterBenedict’s
Iodine Results (Starches)Positive test- color changed to blue/ black
Negative test- stayed the same color- yellow/ brown
Starch Water
• Carbon ringCarbon ring• CC66HH1212O O 66
• Fuel for Fuel for RespirationRespiration
Monosaccharides
• Carbon ring• C6H12O 6
Polysaccharides
A storage molecule found in plants.
Plants store sugars in the form of starch for
later use.
• Carbon ring• C6H12O 6
Polysaccharides
A storage molecule found in animals.
Animals store sugars in the form of
glycogen for later use.
Organic SubstancesStructure Subunit Types Roles Examples Identification
Carbohydrate (C, H & O in
a 1:2:1 ratio)
Lipids(C, H & O not
in a 1:2:1 ratio)
Protein(C, H, O & N)
Amino acids
Nucleic Acid(Sugar, Phosphate
& Nitrogen)
Structural &
Functional
Biuret’s Reagent
MeatsHormones
MuscleHairNails
EnzymesBlood Cells
catalysts transport
movement protectionimmune growth
Biuret Results (Protein)Negative test- stayed the same color- light blue
Positive test- color changed to light lavendar
- +
Biuret
ProteinWater
Proteins
•Amino group
•Carboxyl group
•R group
Proteins are macromolecules
comprised of chains of amino acids.
Proteins
•Amino group
•Carboxyl group
•R group
Proteins are joined together by dehydration synthesis.
The bond between the amino acids is called a
peptide bond; therefore, proteins are known as
polypeptides.
Organic SubstancesStructure Subunit Types Roles Examples Identification
Carbohydrate (C, H & O in
a 1:2:1 ratio)
Lipids(C, H & O not
in a 1:2:1 ratio)
Fatty Acids
Protein(C, H, O & N)
Nucleic Acid(Sugar, Phosphate
& Nitrogen)
•Cholesterol•Phospholipids•Fats: Saturated Unsaturated
Stored energyInsulation
Cell Components –Cell membrane
FatsOils
Waxes
Brown paper
Sudan
Sudan ResultsNegative test- stayed the same color- Clear
Positive test- color changed to Red
- +
Lipid (Fat)Water
Glycerol+
Fatty Acid tails
Lipids• Comprised of C, H, and O.• Lipids are insoluble in
water. • Lipids include
phospholipids, and fats
(AKA triglycerides).
Saturated• Animal fats• Solid at room
temp• Lacks double
bond in Carbon chain
Unsaturated• Plant fats• Remain liquid
at room temp.• Has a double
bond in Carbon chain
Lipids
Organic SubstancesStructure Subunit Types Roles Examples Identification
Carbohydrate (C, H & O in
a 1:2:1 ratio)
Lipids(C, H & O not
in a 1:2:1 ratio)
Protein(C, H, O & N)
Nucleic Acid(Sugar, Phosphate
& Nitrogen)
Nucelotides Carrier of genetic
information; instructions for
protein synthesis
DNA RNA None
DNA RNA