Ch. 4 Sec. 2 Notes continuedCh. 4 Sec. 2 Notes continued

* 100 Years War* 100 Years War* War of the Roses* War of the Roses* Emergence of Spain* Emergence of Spain* Emergence of Russia * Emergence of Russia * Catholic Church Starts to * Catholic Church Starts to become Troubledbecome Troubled

100 Years War Cont.100 Years War Cont.Joan of ArcJoan of Arc

She brought inspiration and a sense of national She brought inspiration and a sense of national identity and self-confidence.identity and self-confidence.

With her aid, the king was crowned at Reims [ending With her aid, the king was crowned at Reims [ending the “disinheritance”].the “disinheritance”].

She was captured during an attack on Paris and fell She was captured during an attack on Paris and fell into English hands.into English hands.

• Because of her “unnatural dress” and claim to divine Because of her “unnatural dress” and claim to divine guidance, she was condemned and burned as a heretic in guidance, she was condemned and burned as a heretic in 14321432

• She instantly became a symbol of French resistance.She instantly became a symbol of French resistance.

100 Years War Cont.100 Years War Cont. The End of the WarThe End of the War

Despite Joan’s capture, the French advance Despite Joan’s capture, the French advance continued.continued.

By 1450 the English had lost all their major By 1450 the English had lost all their major centers exceptcenters except Calais Calais..

In 1453 the French armies captured an English-In 1453 the French armies captured an English-held fortress.held fortress.• This was the last battle of the war.This was the last battle of the war.

There was not treaty, only a cessation of There was not treaty, only a cessation of hostilities.hostilities.

France Becomes Unified!

War of the Roses = EnglandWar of the Roses = England

• 1455 = War of the Roses (lasted 30 1455 = War of the Roses (lasted 30 years)years)

Lancaster’s Vs. York’sLancaster’s Vs. York’s

Beginning = Edward IV (Y) winningBeginning = Edward IV (Y) winning

War of the Roses = EnglandWar of the Roses = England Ed IV died and Richard III locked his sons in a tower Ed IV died and Richard III locked his sons in a tower

and killed themand killed them

Henry VII (L) defeated Richard III (Y)Henry VII (L) defeated Richard III (Y)

Henry VII will become the 1st Tudor King (Tudor Henry VII will become the 1st Tudor King (Tudor Dynasty last until 1603)Dynasty last until 1603)

Emergence of SpainEmergence of Spain

divided into 4 areas = (W) Portugal, divided into 4 areas = (W) Portugal, (M) Castile, and (E) Aragon(M) Castile, and (E) Aragon

most of these areas spent their time most of these areas spent their time fighting the Moors (Muslims fighting the Moors (Muslims

Emergence of SpainEmergence of Spain

Change to Spain Change to Spain • Ferdinand of Argon married Isabella of Ferdinand of Argon married Isabella of

CastileCastile Made the region of Spain CatholicMade the region of Spain Catholic Established the Spanish Inquisition = Killed Established the Spanish Inquisition = Killed

Jews and Muslims, unless they movedJews and Muslims, unless they moved

Emergence of RussiaEmergence of Russia1480 = Ivan III started to break away from 1480 = Ivan III started to break away from

the Mongolsthe Mongols

• He created the title of Czar for the leaderHe created the title of Czar for the leader

• Established Eastern Orthodox as the main Established Eastern Orthodox as the main Religion and forced people to follow itReligion and forced people to follow it

• Built the Kremlin (Center of Culture, Religion, Built the Kremlin (Center of Culture, Religion, Government)Government)

Emergence of RussiaEmergence of Russia

• Built the Kremlin (Center of Culture, Built the Kremlin (Center of Culture, Religion, Government)Religion, Government)

Catholic Church Starts to become TroubledCatholic Church Starts to become Troubled

Catholic Church becomes weak because of Catholic Church becomes weak because of the rise of Monarchies and people the rise of Monarchies and people questioning its techniques.questioning its techniques.

ExamplesExamples• 1. Babylonian Captivity (1315 – 1377)1. Babylonian Captivity (1315 – 1377)

Popes moved to France because of Civil Wars in ItalyPopes moved to France because of Civil Wars in Italy

Pope Gregory XI moved back to Rome, but DiedPope Gregory XI moved back to Rome, but Died

Catholic Church Starts to become Catholic Church Starts to become TroubledTroubled

ExamplesExamples• 2. Great Schism (1414)2. Great Schism (1414)

Confusion on who is the next PopeConfusion on who is the next Pope Fired the Popes and Elected Martin VFired the Popes and Elected Martin V

• 3. Church Reform3. Church Reform Church starts charging Fees for ServicesChurch starts charging Fees for Services John Wycliffe = translates Bible into EnglishJohn Wycliffe = translates Bible into English

• So all people can read it So all people can read it