ch 4 (structural analysis)-v-m-n diagrams
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 4 Internal Loads developed in
Structural Members
0xF
0yF
0M
1
•Statics (CH 5-6-7)
•To get support reactions &
Internal forces
•Strength of Materials (CH 5)
drawing V, N, M diagrams
•Structural Analysis (CH 2)
To get support reactions2
STUDY:
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3
Sign conventions for internal loadings
N: (+) in tension [or (-) in compression]
V: (+) rotating the segment in clockwise
M: (+) bending the segment concave upward
(or creating compression on the top face) +
+ +
+
+
FRAMES : Sign convention &
reference linesBased on sing convection, identify (+) & (-) moments shown in the figure below??
(+or -)
4
Moment diagram for a frame
Rigid connection of
a steel frame
We need to identify which areas of
the moment distributions will be
(+) or (-) so as to make them
consistent and universal. That is
why we consider reference lines.
Reference
lines
Reference lines
the (-) V,M,N must be
plotted on the face of the
member where the
reference line is located.
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5
Reference line
(placed on the bottom face)
++
+
+
Reference line
(placed on the
right face)
Reference lines for V, M & N
the (negative) V,M,N diagrams must be plotted on the face of the
member where the reference lines are located.
45 k
2k/ft20 k
10 k5 k 10 k
Beam
Frame
Reference lines
Reference lines for V & M
6
the (negative) V,M,N diagrams must be plotted on the face of the
member where the reference lines are located.
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7
A
Reference lines
Reference lines for (negative) V, M & N
the (-) V,M,N diagrams must be plotted on the face of the
member where the reference lines are located.
Reference
lines
+
++
+
+
- -
(M)
8
Ay
Dy
Dx
Reference lines
Reference lines for V, M & N
the (negative) V,M,N diagrams must be plotted on the face
of the member where the reference lines are located.
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9
Shear & moment at a point• Shear force and bending couple at a point
are determined by passing a section
through the beam and applying an
equilibrium analysis on the beam portions
on either side of the section.
0yF 0M0xF
0yF 0M0xF
FBD-left
FBD-right
(+) positive
directions
(+) positive
Directions
Equations of equilibrium (E-of-E)
9
Example 4.1 (V & M at a point)
20 kN.m
20 kN.m
20 kN.m
20 kN.m
FBD-|CB|
Determine the internal forces (V and M)
at points C & D?
Note:
Point D just to the left of 5kN
Point C just to the right of 5kN
E-of-E for Segment |CB|
E-of-E for Segment |DB| FBD-|DB|
10
Study this !
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Example 4.3 (V & M at a point)
Determine the V & M at point C?
Equations of equilibrium (E-of-E)
(+)
(+)
FBD-entire
FBD-|AC|
11
CA
CA B
Study this !
Relations between Distributed Load (w) & Shear
Force (V)
DERIVATIVE of V (-) x distributed
load (slope)
INTEGRATION of load V
[ (-) x area under distributed loading ]
xwV
xwVVV
Fy
0
0
wdx
dV
'
'
C
C
CC dxwVV
12
or
Load acting vertically
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Relations between Shear (V) & Bending (M)
2
21
02
0
xwxVM
xxwxVMMM
MC
Vdx
dMDERIVATIVE (slope) of M V
INTEGRATION of V [area
under shear] M
'
'
C
C
CC dxVMM
13
or
Load acting vertically
- -
Page 151 (correction !!!!!) for the loads acting vertically
Summary
Relations between Load&Shear & Shear&Bending
14
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L
dxwV0
Relationship between loading, shear & moment
wdx
dVV
dx
dM
derivative derivative
Integration
under w (distributed load)Integration
under V diagram
linear 1st
Load=0
Shear=0 Linear
15
Load=0
1st
linear
Shear=0
L
dxVM0
Distributed load
Relationship between loading, shear & moment
D
C
x
xCD dxwVV
wdx
dV
16
+1st -2nd 3rd
-1st
+2nd
3rd
-1st
-2nd= constant
Cubic equation
Cubic equation parabola
Distributed load wdx
dVV
dx
dM
parabola
parabola
L
dxwV0
Integration
under w (distributed load)x(-1)=ΔVIntegration
under V diagram=ΔM
L
dxVM0
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Load condition: LOAD SHEAR MOMENT
No distributed
load between
|BC|
Linear function.
(y=a)
1st degree eq.
(y=ax+b)
[linear (increasing)
equation]
Uniformly
distributed
(y= w)
-1st degree eq.
(y= -wx+b)
[linear (degreasing)
equation]
2nd degree eq.
(y= -wx2+bx)
[- Parabola, or
quadratic equation]
+1st degree
(y=ax+b)
[linear equation]
+2nd degree eq.
(y=ax2+bx+c)
[Parabola, or quadratic
equation]
3rd degree eq.
(y=ax3+bx2+cx)
[cubic equation]
(integration)(-1)x(integration)
Relations between Load&Shear & Shear&Bending
17
SUMMARY: General shapes for M curves
based on V curves
(M)
(V)
18
++
- -
+
decreasing
(-) slope
increasing
(+) slope constant
(0) slope (+) parabola (-) parabola (-) parabola (+) parabola
(+) area
(0) slope
(0) area
(0)slope
(-) area
(0) slope (+) area
(+) slope
(+) area
(-) slope
(-) area
(-) slope
(-) area
(+) slope
+2nd
-2nd
+2nd+
+1st
-1st
+1st
+1st: linear increasing equation
-1st: linear decreasing equation
+2nd: positive parabola
-2nd: negative parabola
V=0
Mpeak
-2nd
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SUMMARY: General shapes for M curves
based on V curves
(M)
(V)
++
- -
--
increasing
(+) slope
decreasing
(-) slope constant
(0) slope
decreasing
(-) parabola
(+) parabola (+) parabola
(-) parabola
(-) area
(0) slope
(0) area
(0)slope
(+) area
(0) slope (-) area
(-) slope
(-) area
(+) slope
(+) area
(+) slope
(+) area
(-) slope
-2nd
+2nd+2nd
-2nd
-1st +1st
V=0
Mpeak
+1st-1st
+1st: linear increasing equation
-1st: linear decreasing equation
+2nd: positive parabola
-2nd: negative parabola 19
20
(-)
(+)
(+)
Shear-force and bending-
moment diagrams for a simple
beam with several concentrated
loads
20
IMPORTANT NOTE: When you plot the
diagrams, you MUST indicate the
variations along the curves.
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Mmax
Vmax
(-)
(-)
Shear-force and bending-
moment diagrams for a
cantilever beam with several
concentrated loads
IMPORTANT NOTE: When you plot the
diagrams, you MUST indicate the
variations along the curves.
21
4kN.m
A CB
1m 1m
4kN.m
A CB
1m 1m
2kN2kN 2kN 2kN
-
+
Jump in moment in (+) direction Jump in moment in (-) direction
22
+ +
--
2kN
2kN
2kN.m
2kN.m
2kN.m
2kN.m
Clockwise Counterclockwise
Concentrated moment at a point & M-diagram
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Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams
for the beam and loading shown.
x
y
-y
x
y = ax2+bx+c
y= - ax2+bx+c (+)
(-)
(+)
Exercise # 3
23
x
y
-y
x
y = ax2+bx+c
y= - ax2+bx+c
Example 4.7 (V & M diagrams)
Draw the V & M diagrams.
309
10 0 2xVFy
xxMM 3027
10 0 3
9m
Using E-of-Es:
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wdx
dV
Vdx
dM
(+)
(+)
(-)
L
dxVM0
L
dxwV0
309
10 2xV
xxM 3027
10 3
xw9
20
11.55
25
(+)
(-)
309
10 2xV
How to find the location (point of) of V=0
Equation for V:
when V=0 find xx
5.20m~ x
0309
10 2xV
V=0
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wdx
dV
(+)
(-)
w=11.55
309
10 2xV
Equation for V:
How to find the magnitude of w at a point
xw )9
10(2
5.20m xfor
mkNw /55.11
x=5.20m
27
wdx
dV
(+)
(-)
309
10 2xV
Equation for V:
How to find the magnitude of w at a point
xw )9
10(2
m9 xfor
mkNw /20
x=9m
28
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How to find the Mpeak when V=0
29
(+)
Example 4.8 (V & M diagrams)
30
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams
for the beams and loadings shown.
(-) (+)
(+)
(-) (-)
(+)
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31
Draw the shear and bending moment
diagrams for the beam and loading
shown.
(-)
(+)
Example 4.12 (V & M diagrams)
31
(+)
(-)
(+)
(-)
(+)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(+)
Draw the V & M diagrams for the beam and
loading shown (assume supports A & C are
rollers, and E is a pin, B is a pin joint).
Example 4.11 (V & M diagrams)
Draw the FBDs of each member, and then find the reaction and joint forces
32
E: pin support
B: pin joint
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2k/ft
10ft 6ft 4ft 6ft 6ft
60k.ft
EC
A B
Reactions :
Ax=0k
Ay=4k
Cy=45k
Ey=-6k
Joint forces:
Bx=0k
By=16kN
34
(-)
(+)
(+)
(-)
3k/ft2k/ft 5k
10ft 6ft 4ft 6ft 6ft
60k.ft
E
C
A B
Reactions :
Ax=0k
Ay=4k
Cy=45k
Ey=-6k
Joint forces:
Bx=0k
By=16kN
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Draw the V & M diagrams for the beam.Example 4.10 (V & M diagrams)
FBD of |ABC|
35
Idealized beam
(+)
(-)
(-)
(+)
Exercise # 5 Draw the V and M diagrams for the beam.
36
Areas of shear diagram(+700)
(-200)
(-500)
700
500
(V)
(M)
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Draw the V and M diagrams for the beam.
37
(V)
(M)
(+428.6
)(+107.2)
21.28
(-425.6)
Areas of shear diagram
428.6535.8
425.6
365.6
(-170.2)
Exercise # 6
38
Exercise # 7
(V)
(M)
Draw the V and M diagrams for the beam.
38
(+1702) (+800)
(-2266)
1702
(-234)
1468
43.3
73.3
153.3
40Areas of shear diagram
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2m 3m 4m 3m 2m
6kN 5kN 5kN 4kN2kN/m
A B
39
5.8
6
10
0.8
4.2
4 4+ +
16
1.4
4.6
4.6
(V)
(M)
Exercise # 8Draw the V and M diagrams for the beam.
+0
0
Support Reactions:
Ay=15.8 kN
By=8.2 kN
Not: Arrows shown are
the real directions of the
forces and moments.
100k
3k/ft
AB C
D
200ft
60k 50k 90k 80k
100ft 120ft 60ft 75ft 75ft 50ft
60ft 30ft30ft
Draw the V and M diagrams for the beam.Exercise # 9
40ft
Support reactions:
Ay=255k
By=435k
Cy=241.2k
Dy=48.8k
Not: Arrows shown are
the real directions of the
forces and moments.
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100k
3k/ft
AB C
D
200ft
60k 50k 90k 90k
100ft 120ft40ft 75ft 75ft 50ft
60ft 30ft30ft
345
90
48.8
(10,840)
(9,090)
(-2,440)
10,840
9000
2700 2100
4200
9000
902430
0 00 0
(-19,840)
(-600)
(4,800)
12070
10
(2,340)
Exercise#9 (cont.)
255 435 48.48241.2
0
85tf 115tf
(V)
(M)
121.231.2
255
90 70
+
+++
+
-
-
- -
(-6,300)
(11,700)
41
-
60ft
Support reactions:
Ay=255k
By=435k
Cy=241.2k
Dy=48.8k
Exercise# 10
42
10kN
8kN6kN 3kN/m
2kN/m
5m 3m 2m 5m 5m 2m 4m 4m
Work on this
problem !
Draw the V and M diagrams for the beam.
A
B C
D
E F
Support
reactions:
Ay=3.38kN
By=33.944kN
Cy=22.676kN
Dy=4.0kN
Not: Arrows shown are the
real directions of the forces
and moments.
Joint forces:
Ey=8.62kN
Fy=4.0kN
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Exercise #1110 kN2 kN 2kN/m
1.5kN/m
A B C DG1 G2
8m8m 8m2m 2m 2m
44
Draw the V & M diagrams for the gerber beam.
Work on this
problem !
Support reactions:
Ay=2.5 kN
By=21.25 kN
Cy=16.56 kN
Dy=6.69 kN
Not: Arrows shown are the
real directions of the forces
and moments.
46
3m
3m
3m
3m
3m
3m
3kN
3kN
3kN
3kN
3kN
3kN
50kN
130kN
A
Ay=180kN
Ax=0kN
M=0kN.m
M [kN.m]V [kN] N [kN]
50
180
(-)
180
3
6
9
9
6
3130kN.m
81
72
54
27
9
(+)
(+)
Exercise # 12Draw the V, M &N diagrams for the column.
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Internal force diagrams for sloping members
47
They can be more challenging
48
V, M, N of sloping (inclined) members
Example 4.14
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Exercise # 13 Draw the V, M & N diagrams for the sloping
beam.
Ay
Ax
4m
3m
SOLUTION:
• Determine the support reaction forces:
A
B
By
48kips48kips
FDB :1.5m
kN
x
kN
yy
kN
y
A
BA
B
0)0F(or 0 M
24A 0480F
24 0)(1.548)(3B0 M
xB
kN
yy
mkNm
yA
A
B
49
1.5m
)53(24
)54(24
)53(48)54(48
4
3
5
54sin
53cos
24
24
48kN
4m
3m
28.8
38.4
14.419.2
14.4kN19.2
24
24
Exercise #13 (cont.)
50
Adjust the support reactions and
external loads based on the axes shown
(i.e; y axis perpendicular to the beam)
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Exercise # 14Draw the V, M & N diagrams for the sloping
beam.
Ay
Ax
3m
4m
SOLUTION:
• Determine the support reaction forces:
A
B
Bx48kN
48kN
FDB:2m 2m
kN
x
m
x
kN
y
kN
x
AA
A
B
32 0)(248)3()(4A0 M
48A 0480F
32 0)(248)(3B0 M
mkNm
yB
kN
yy
mkNm
xA
51
kN6.25)(cos32
48
32
32
48
32
32
kN2.19)(sin32
kN4.38)(cos48kN8.28)(sin48
kN6.25)(cos32
kN2.19)(sin32
Exercise 14 (cont.) Adjusting the support reactions based on the
new x-y axes along the beam :
3
4
5
53sin
54cos
52
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48
32
32
Exercise 14 (cont.)
25.6kN
19.2kN
48kN48kN
kN4.38)(cos48
kN8.28)(sin48
19.2kN54.4kN
=
Adjusted FBD (based on the new axis):
3
4
5
53sin
54cos
53
Exercise 14 (cont.)
25.6kN
19.2kN
38.4kN 28.8kN
19.2kN
54.4kN
54
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55
Exercise #15Compare the drawings from Exercise #14 &
Exercise# 14?
A
B48kN
# 14
# 13
# 14
4m
3m
A
B48kips
1.5m 1.5m
# 13
CONCLUSION: Types
of support significantly
influence the V, M, N
diagrams
Exercise # 16The roof beam of a building is subjected to a
snow loading as shown. Draw the V, M & N
diagrams for the beam.
Ay
Ax
12kN/m
3m
4m
SOLUTION:
• Determine the support reaction forces:
12kN/m
A
B
Bx
48kN
Snow load:
kN
x
m
x
kN
y
kN
x
AA
A
B
32 0)(248)3()(4A0 M
48A 0480F
32 0)(248)(3B0 M
mkNm
yB
kN
yy
mkNm
xA
NOTE: this problem is very similar to Example 13, except there is a distributed load, which has
the same magnitude, acting vertically on the beam.
57
FBD:
2m 2m
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kN6.25)(cos32
48
32
32
48
32
32
kN2.19)(sin32
kN4.38)(cos48kN8.28)(sin48
kN6.25)(cos32
kN2.19)(sin32
Exercise #16 (cont.)Adjust the support reactions based on the new x-y
axes that is selected based on beam’s slope
3
4
5
53sin
54cos
58
19.2
54.4
12kN/m
48kN
19.2
48kN
kN4.38)54(48
kN8.28)53(48
25.6
3
4
5
53sin
54cos
Exercise #16 (cont.)
59
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29
12kN/m
48kN
48kN
38.4kN
28.8kN
38.4kN / 5m = 7.68kN/m
28.8kN / 5m = 5.76kN/m
Equivalent distributed load due to the component of the load
acting perpendicular to the beam’s centroidal axis:
Equivalent distributed load due to the component of the load
acting along the beam’s centroidal axis:
3
4
5
53sin
54cos
38.4kN
28.8kN
Exercise #16 (cont.)
60
19.254.4
19.2
25.6
48
32
12kN/m
32
=
Exercise #16 (cont.)
61
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30
48
32
48kN / 5m = 9.6kN/m
48kN
32
62
25.6kN
19.2kN
19.2kN54.4kN
=
SUMMARY: Representing the loads &
reactions in various forms of axes:
Exercise #16 (cont.)
Equivalent distributed loads
perpendicular & along the
centroidal axis of the beam
Equivalent distributed
load in vertical direction:
48
32
12kN/m48kN
32
4m
=3m
)(cos6.9 /mkN
)(sin6.9 /mkN
Exercise #16 (cont.)
25.6kN
19.2kN
19.2kN
54.4kN
(V)
(M)
(N)
63
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31
Exercise #16 (cont.)
64
25.6kN
19.2kN19.2kN
54.4kN
(V)
(M)
(N)
NOTE: you can also look at the same beam & diagrams as rotated
below, which is more familiar to you in a way you are used to see..
NOTE: when
V=0 M=MMAX
A
B48kN
Exercise # 17 Compare the drawings from Exercise #14 &
Exercise# 16?
# 14
65
# 16
# 14
CONCLUSION: Types
of loading significantly
influence the V, M, N
diagrams
B12kN/m
48kN
# 16
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32
66
Draw the V&M diagrams for the beam.
Assume support A (rolling) & B (pinned).Example 4.13 (V & M diagrams)
SOLUTION: The frame is statically determinate Find the support
reactions Bx, By & Ay.
0xF 0yF 0BM
0y , orxF 0AM 0BM
FBD of entire frame
Note:
(E-of-E: Equations of Equilibrium)
Use one of these combinations of
E-of-E to find the support reactions:
66
Example 4.13 (cont.) (ii) Draw the FBDs of members |AC| & |CB|
and calculate the internal forces.
FBD of Joint C
FBD of |CB|
FBD of |AC|
CHECK POINT: You may check joint C to verify if
those calculated internal forces from |AC| & |CB|
are correct. Use the E-of-E to check if joint C is in
equilibrium:
0xF 0yF 0CM
V, M, N are the same
V, M, N are the same
67
C
C
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33
68
Example 4.13 (cont.) (iii) Draw the corresponding V & M diagrams based on
the internal forces shown on the FBDs of |AC|& CB|. FBD of Joint C
FBD of |CB|
FBD of |AC|
(-)
(-)
(M)
(M)
68
y
xy
x
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
NOYES
Example 4.13 (cont.) (iv) show the V & M diagrams on the entire
frame separately as shown.
NOTE: only moment diagram is shown in this example. Think
about how to draw the V and N diagrams for the given FBD’s.
(M) [-k.ft]
A
B
A
B
NOTE: make sure the (-) values of V , M & N are
plotted on the side where the doted lines are shown.
Summary of the M diagram:
69
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34
Exercise # 18Draw the V, M, N diagrams for the frame.
70
NOTE: The support reactions are shown
with their real directions on the frame.
A
B
Ay=30
Ax=60
By=45
C
Support
reactions:
Ax=30kips
Ay=60kips
By=45kips
Exercise # 18 (cont.)
(V) (M) 71
A
B
Ay=30
Ax=60
By=45
C
A
CB
(M)
(V)
C
Member |CB|
Member |AC|
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35
Exercise # 19Draw the V, M, N diagrams for the frame.
Reactions:
Ax=2 kN
Ay=6 kN
MA=8 kN.m
72
2kN
2kN
1kN/m 2m
2m 2m
A B
CD
Work on this problem !
FBDs of each member
Exercise # 20
FBD of the entire frame
Draw the V, M&N diagrams for the frame.
74
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36
Exercise # 21
FBD of the entire frame
(V)
(M)
Draw the V, M &N diagrams for the frame.
76
100
(V)
(M)
(-)
(-) (-)
(-)
(-)
(+)
(+) (+)
(-)
Exercise # 22
FBDs of the members
FBD of the entire frame
Draw the V and M diagrams for the frame.
77
(+)
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37
(1)
(2)(3)
(5)
(4)
78
Exercise # 22 (cont.)
79
Exercise # 22 (cont.)
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38
80
Exercise # 22 (cont.)
+
81
Exercise # 22 (cont.)
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39
82
Exercise # 22 (cont.)
83
Draw the shear and bending moment diagrams for
the frame shown. Assume supports A (pinned) & C
(rolling). Joint B is fixed.
Example 4.14 (V & M diagrams)
FBD- entire framePrototype=one-to-one
SOLUTION: The frame is statically determinate (there are three unknowns). (i) using
the E-of-Es for the FBD of the entire framing system, first, find the support reactions
Ax, Ay & Cy .
0xF 0yF 0AM
0y , orxF 0AM 0CM
Note:
(E-of-E: Equations of Equilibrium)
Use one of these combinations of E-of-E
to find the support reactions:
B C
83
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40
Example 4.14 (cont.)
FBD of entire system
170 kN.mFBD of Joint B
FBD of |BC|
FBD of |AB|
V, M, N are the same here
CHECK POINT: You may check joint C to
verify if those calculated internal forces are
correct. Use the E-of-E to check if joint C is in
equilibrium:
0xF 0yF 0BM
(ii) Draw the FBDs of members |AB| & |CB| and
calculate the internal forces.
84
85
Example 4.14 (cont.)
FBD of |AB|
(M) [kN.m]
(V) [kN]
Member |AB|
85
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41
Example 4.14 (cont.)
(-)
(+)
FBD of |BC|:
(M) [kN.m]
(V) [kN]
86
Member |BC|
(-)
(-)
(+)
(V)(M)
(+)
Example 4.14 (cont.)
Summary of the V & M diagrams:
NOTE: make sure the (-) values of V & M are located
on the side where the doted lines are shown.
NOTE: only the V & M are drawn here. Think about how to
draw the N diagram for the given frame.87
(+)
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42
Draw the V and M diagrams for the frame shown.
Assume supports A (pinned) & C (rolling). Joint B
(rigid).
Example 4.15 (V & M diagrams)
88
ftk /142.0
Correct this in
your textbook
89
SOLUTION: The frame is statically determinate (there are three unknowns).
(i) Using the FBD of the entire framing system and E-of-Es, first, find the
support reactionsAx, Ay & Cx.
0yF 0AM
0y , orxF 0AM 0CM
Note:
(E-of-E: Equations of Equilibrium)
Use one of these combinations of E-of-E
to find the support reactions: 89
FBD of the entire frame
ftk /142.0
B
C
A
kftftk 0.2)14.14(142.0 /
Example 4.15 (cont.)
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43
90
FBD of entire frame
Example 4.15 (cont.) FBD of |BC|
FBD of |BC|
(FBD of joint B)
B
V, M, N’s the same
CHECK POINT:
(ii) Draw the FBDs of
members |AB| & |BC|, and
calculate the internal forces.
90
Summary: the V , M & N diagrams:
NOTE: make sure the (-) values of V and M are
located on the side where the dashed lines are shown.
NOTE: only the V & M are drawn here. Draw the N diagram
for the given frame.
5
0.6250.354
1.06
0.5
(-)
(+)
(+)
(-)
Example 4.15 (cont.)
91
(V) (M) (N)
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44
Exercise # 23Draw the V, M &N diagrams for the frame.
Reactions:
Ax=36kips
Ay=64.04kips
By=52.96kips
Ay=64.04
Ax=36
By=52.96
92
Ay=64.04
Ax=36
By=52.96
Exercise # 23 (cont.) FBDs of each member:
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45
FBDs of each member
94
(-)
(-)
(-)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(-)
(+)
(-)
Exercise # 23 (cont.)
(V)
(M)
NOTE: Draw the N diagram by yourself
Exercise #24Draw the V, M & N diagrams for the frame
shown (support A is fixed).
4m
2m
3m
3kN
2kN
4m
3kN
3kN
3kN
1kN
4kN.m
A
95
NOTE: the solution to this problem is very detailed in a way that the
internal forces and moments are determined for each section cuts shown.
The section cuts are determined based on the variations in the geometry
and the presence of loadings.
(1)
4m
2m
3m
3kN
2kN 3kN
3kN
3kN
1kN
4kN.m
A
(2)
(5) (4)
(3)
(6)
(8)
(7)
4m
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46
Exercise# 24 (cont.)
kN
xxx AAF 303330
0)9(3)4(3)5(3)4(14)3(30 . mmmmmkNm
AA MM
kN
yyy AAF 001320
4m
2m
3m
3kN
2kN 3kN
3kN
3kN
1kN4kN.m
AAx
Ay
MA (1)
4m
2m
3m
3kN
2kN
4m
3kN
3kN
3kN
1kN
4kN.m
A
(2)
(5) (4)
(3)
(6)
(8) (7)
3kN
0kNMA=9kN.m
real
directions
(reversed)
mkN
AM .9
96
initially predicted
reactions
Determine the support reaction forces:
a b
NOT TO SCALE
3(-)
3
1(+)
3
3
3
(+)
(+)
(+)
(+)
(-)
N [kN]M [kN.m]V [kN]
1
3
33
3
1
(+)
(+)
(+)
(-)9
4
12
12
97
Exercise# 24 (cont.)
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47
Exercise# 24 (cont.)
99
kN
kN
mkN
NN
VV
MM
303
1 01
404
:5Section
55
55
.
55
kN
kN
mkNm
NN
VV
MM
1 01
1 01
00)4(14
:6Section
66
66
.
66
kN
kN
mkN
NN
VV
M
101
3 03
0
:7Section
77
77
.
7
2kN
8kN5kN
3m
4m
3m 3m 3m 2m
A
B
G
Exercise # 25Draw the V, M & N diagrams for the frame
shown. Supports: A (fixed) & D (sliding).
104
NOTE: the solution to this problem is very detailed in a way that the
internal forces and moments are determined for each section cuts shown.
The section cuts are determined based on the variations in the geometry
and the presence of loadings.
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48
2kN
8kN5kN
3m
4m
3m 3m 3m 2m
(1) (2)
(3)
(5)
(6) (7) (8)(9)
(11)
(12)
(4)
(10)
A G
B
Exercise #25 (cont.)
105
Mark the critical locations (sections) where the internal
forces may be varying. We will determine the V, M & N
values for each of these sections:
2kN
8kN5kN
3m
4m
3m 3m 3m 2m
(1) (2)
(3)
(5)
(6) (7) (8)(9)
(11)
(12)
(4)
(10)Gx
BGy
Gx
MA
Ax
Ay
By
A
G
Exercise #25 (cont.)
106
Find support reactions:
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49
2kN
8kN5kN
3m
4m
3m 3m 2m
(3)
(5)
(6) (7) (8)(9)
(11)
(12)
(4)
(10)Gx
B
Gy
By
G
kN
xx GF 20
kN
yG BM 875.60
kN
yy GF 125.60
FIND SUPPORT REACTIONS:
at G &B
Exercise #25 (cont.)
107
3m
(1) (2)
Gy
Gx
MA
Ax
Ay
A
kN
xxx GAF 20
mkNmkN
yAA mGMM .375.18)3(125.6)3(0
kN
yyy GAF 125.60
FIND SUPPORT REACTIONS at A:
Exercise #25 (cont.)
108
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50
109
2kN
8kN5kN
3m
4m
3m 3m 3m 2m
(1) (2)
(3)
(5)
(6) (7) (8)(9)
(11)
(12)
(4)
(10)
G
B
18.375kN.m
2
6.125kN
6.875 kN
Exercise #25 (cont.)
Show the FBD of the entire system with known values
of the support reactions (make sure that your support
reactions show real directions):
kN
kN
kN
N
V
M
2
125.6
375.18
:1Section
1
1
1
kN
kN
mkN
N
V
M
2
125.6
0
:2Section
2
2
.
2
kN
kN
mkN
N
V
M
125.6
2
0
:3Section
3
3
.
3
kN
kN
mkNm
N
V
M
125.6
2
8)4(2
:4Section
4
4
.
4
kN
kN
mkNm
N
V
M
i
2
125.6
8)4(2
)(:5Section
5
5
.
5
Real
directions
Real
directions(+) sing
directions
Exercise #25 (cont.)
4m
110
Calculate internal forces for each section using E-of-E:
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51
kN
kN
mkN
NN
VV
MM
2 02
125.6 0125.6
375.100)4(2)3(125.6
:6Section
66
66
.
66
kN
kN
mkNmm
NN
VV
MM
2 02
125.1 05125.6
375.100)4(2)3(125.6
:7Section
27
77
.
77
kN
kN
mkN
NN
VV
MM
i
2 02
125.1 05125.6
75.130)3(5)4(2)6(125.6
)(:8Section
88
88
.
88
kN
kN
mkNm
NN
VV
MM
ii
2 02
125.1 08875.6
75.130)2(875.6
)(:8Section
88
88
.
88
Exercise #25 (cont.)
111
kN
kN
mkN
N
V
M
146.6)(sin875.6
073.3)(cos875.6
75.13)2(875.6
:9Section
9
9
.
9
kN
kN
mkN
N
V
M
146.6)(sin875.6
073.3)(cos875.6
0)0(875.6
:10Section
10
10
.
10
kN
kN
mkN
N
V
M
875.6
0
0)0(875.6
:11Section
11
11
.
11
kN
kN
mkN
N
V
M
875.6
0
0)0(875.6
:12Section
12
12
.
12
Exercise# 25(cont.)
112
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52
kN
kN
mkNm
NN
VV
MM
ii
2 02
125.6 0125.6
375.100)3(125.68
)(:6Section
66
66
.
66
2kN
8kN5kN
(3)
(5)
(6) (7) (8)(9)
(11)
(12)
(4)
(10)
B
Gy
By
G
kN
kN
mkNm
NN
VV
MM
ii
125.6 0125.6
2 02
80)4(2
)(:4Section
44
44
.
44
kN
kN
mkN
NN
VV
MM
ii
2 02
125.60125.6
8 08
)(:5Section
55
55
.
55
113
Exercise# 25(cont.)
2kN
8kN5kN
(3)
(5)
(6) (7) (8)(9)
(11)
(12)
(4)
(10)
B
Gy
By
G
kN
kN
mkN
NN
VV
MM
ii
2 02
125.1 05125.6
375.10 0375.10
)(:7Section
27
77
.
77
kN
kN
mkNm
NN
VV
MM
iii
2 02
125.1 0125.1
75.130)3(125.1375.10
)(:8Section
88
88
.
88
114
Exercise# 25(cont.)
NOTE: You may use different FBDs for the same
section cut to determine V, M,N at that section. For
instance, for Section 8, THREE different FBDs are
used. All are presented in this example as Section
8(i), (ii) & (iii)
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53
V [kN]2
(-)
(+)
(-)
3.073
6.1251.125
6.125
(+)
18.375
8
810.375 13.75
(-)
(+)
(+)
(-)
M [kN.m]
NOT TO SCALE
Exercise# 25(cont.)
2
2
6.125
6.1252
6.146
6.875
N [kN](-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
6.146
2
115
Exercise # 26Draw the V, M &N diagrams for the frame.
6kN 1 kN/m
4kN
2m
8m2m
2m
A
E
B
DF
116
Reactions:
Ax=4 kN
Ay=10.5 kN
Ey=3.5 kN
Work on this problem !
Not: Arrows shown are the
real directions of the forces
and moments.
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54
Exercise # 27Draw the V, M &N diagrams for the frame.
118
1m 2m 2m 1m 1m
5kN 3kN 1kN
4kN
2m
2m
A
E
D G C
H
F
B
2 kN/m
Reactions:
Ax=4 kN
Ay=3 kN
By=6 kN
MA=1kN.m
Work on this problem !
Not: Arrows shown are the
real directions of the forces
and moments.
Exercise # 28Draw the V, M &N diagrams for the frame.
Reactions:
Ay=16 kN
By=7.67 kN
Cx=3 kN
Cy=1.33 kN.m
120
3m6m10m2m
4m
2kN/m5kN
3kN
A B
C
Work on this problem !
Not: Arrows shown are the
real directions of the forces
and moments.
![Page 55: CH 4 (Structural Analysis)-V-M-N Diagrams](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061304/54fef2a94a7959592e8b512a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
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1kN/m
4m4m
4mI
4I 4I
I
A B
C DG
Exercise # 29Draw the V, M &N diagrams for the three-
hinge frame.
122
Reactions:
Ax=2 kN
Ay=4 kN
Bx=2 kN
By=4 kN
NOTE: I is the moment of inertia. Moment of inertias of members are used to
calculate the deflections (displacements) to be covered in the future chapters
Work on this problem !
Not: Arrows shown are the
real directions of the forces
and moments.
Exercise # 30Draw the V, M, N diagrams for the frame.
124
2m
4m
8m2m8m
6kN4kN1kN/m
I I 4I I
4I 2I
2I
AG D
EF
B C
5kN
9kN
4kN
H
Reactions:
Ay=4 kN
Bx=0 kN
By=9 kN
Cy=5 kN
NOTE: I is the moment of inertia. Moment of inertias
of members are used to calculate the deflections
(displacements) to be covered in the future chapters
Work on this problem !
Not: Arrows shown are the
real directions of the forces
and moments.
![Page 56: CH 4 (Structural Analysis)-V-M-N Diagrams](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061304/54fef2a94a7959592e8b512a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
2m
4m
8m2m8m
6kN4kN1kN/m
AG
DE
F
B C
5kN
9kN
4kN
H
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4) (5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Hint for moments:
10kN.m
18kN.m
8kN.m
D
(1)
(2) (3)8kN.m
10kN.m
2kN.m
E(4) (5)
(6) H
10kN.m
10kN.m(7)
(8)
Exercise #30 (cont.)
125
Exercise # 31Draw the V, M &N diagrams for the frame.
Reactions:
Ax=3 kN
Ay=10 kN
Ey=2 kN
127
4m
A
BC
D
6m 3m 3m
2kN/m
3kN
4I
2I 2I
IE
NOTE: I is the moment of inertia. Moment of inertias of members are used to
calculate the deflections (displacements) to be covered in the future chapters
Work on this problem !
Not: Arrows shown are
the real directions of
the forces and
moments.
![Page 57: CH 4 (Structural Analysis)-V-M-N Diagrams](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061304/54fef2a94a7959592e8b512a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
128
4m
A
BC
D
6m 3m 3m
2kN/m
3kN
E
Hint for moments:
(2) (3) (4)(5)
(6)
(7)
(1)(8)
12kN.m
B
12kN.m
(3)
(2)
12kN.m
12kN.m
C 3kN
(4)
(5)
6kN.m
6kN.m
D
(7)
(6)
Exercise #31(cont.)
3
10 2
Exercise # 31Draw the V, M, N diagrams for the frame.
130
Reactions:
Ax=60 kN
Ay=4.7 kN
Dy=74.7 kN
Not: Arrows shown are
the real directions of
the forces and
moments.
![Page 58: CH 4 (Structural Analysis)-V-M-N Diagrams](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061304/54fef2a94a7959592e8b512a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
131
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59
133
134
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60
135
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137
138
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62
139
14
0
Exercise #32Draw the M diagrams resulted from
each of the unit forces & moments
(X1=…=X7=1) shown, individually.
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
L1 L2 L3h
![Page 63: CH 4 (Structural Analysis)-V-M-N Diagrams](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061304/54fef2a94a7959592e8b512a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
+
+
L1 L2 L3
h
1
1/L1 1/L1
-
1
hh
1
X1=1
X2=1
X2
X1
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
- -
++
(L1+L2)/L1
1
-
hh
1 1
X4=1
X3=1
---
L1 L2 L3
h
X2
X1
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
(L1+L2)/L1-1
![Page 64: CH 4 (Structural Analysis)-V-M-N Diagrams](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061304/54fef2a94a7959592e8b512a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
- -
++
1
hh
L3
X6=1
X5=1
---
L1 L2 L3
h
X2
X1
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
(L1+L2+L3)/L1(L1+L2+L3)/L1-1
L2 +L3
hh
+
+
++
X7=1
L1 L2 L3
h
X2
X1
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
(L1+L2+L3)/L1
1/L1
11
1/L1
1
![Page 65: CH 4 (Structural Analysis)-V-M-N Diagrams](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061304/54fef2a94a7959592e8b512a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
145
Exercise # 33Draw the V, M &N diagrams for the frame.
145
30k
30k
60k
20ft
20ft 10ft
10ft
10ft
10ft
Hint:
B C
D
A
M=-300k-ft
V= 10k
N=-10k
Work on this problem !
Homework - CH 4*
• 4.49
• 4.54
• 4.58
• 4.59
• 4.62
• 4.64
• 4.65• + Study all of the problems in the lecture slides
and example problems from your test book
*: suggested147