Ch 4 – The Periodic Table

After this lesson you will know:

• Metals, nonmetals, & metalloids.

• Periods & groups.

• Information in each box.

• Element families.

• Hydrogen & Helium are exceptions

• Trends of the Periodic Table

Li 3

He 2

C 6

N 7

O 8

F 9

Ne 10

Na 11

B 5

Be 4

H 1

Al 13

Si 14

P 15

S 16

Cl 17

Ar 18

K 19

Ca 20

Sc 21

Ti 22

V 23

Cr 24

Mn 25

Fe 26

Co 27

Ni 28

Cu 29

Zn 30

Ga 31

Ge 32

As 33

Se 34

Br 35

Kr 36

Rb 37

Sr 38

Y 39

Zr 40

Nb 41

Mo 42

Tc 43

Ru 44

Rh 45

Pd 46

Ag 47

Cd 48

In 49

Sn 50

Sb 51

Te 52

I 53

Xe 54

Cs 55

Ba 56

Hf 72

Ta 73

W 74

Re 75

Os 76

Ir 77

Pt 78

Au 79

Hg 80

Tl 81

Pb 82

Bi 83

Po 84

At 85

Rn 86

Fr 87

Ra 88

Rf 104

Db 105

Sg 106

Bh 107

Hs 108

Mt 109

Mg 12

Ce 58

Pr 59

Nd 60

Pm 61

Sm 62

Eu 63

Gd 64

Tb 65

Dy 66

Ho 67

Er 68

Tm 69

Yb 70

Lu 71

Th 90

Pa 91

U 92

Np 93

Pu 94

Am 95

Cm 96

Bk 97

Cf 98

Es 99

Fm 100

Md 101

No 102

Lr 103

La 57

Ac 89

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

METALS

Nonmetals

Metalloids

Label metals, metalloids, & nonmetals on your Periodic Table

METALSMETALS

NONMETALSNONMETALS

METALLOIDSMETALLOIDS

malleable, lustrous, ductile, good conductors

gases or brittle solids, poor conductors of heat and electricity (insulators)

(Semi-metals)dull, brittle, semi-conductors (used in computer chips)

Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids

Write these characteristics on the back of your Periodic table, but save room for more notes:

Electrons in Shells1. Shells – also called orbits or energy levels.

2. Shells surround the nucleus. 3. Electrons “live” in shells.4. Shells want to be full – 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 5. Electrons in outer shell make bonds = valence electrons

- they react to make full outer shell

Number the periods 1-7• Each row is a different period (Get it? PERIODic table.). • Elements have something in common if they are in the same row. • Same period = same number of shells (orbits).

– 1st period = 1 shell– 2nd period = 2 shells– 3rd period = 3 shells– And so on…

1

2

3456

76

7

Number the “tall” Groups 1-8• A column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group. • Elements in a group = same number of electrons in outer shell.

(Valence e-)– first column (group one) = 1 electron in outer shell. – second column (group two) = 2 electrons in outer shell, etc.– And so on– There are some exceptions to this rule with the transition elements

(short columns)1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8

Information in Boxes

Each box gives the following information:Atomic number –number of protons (also # of e-)

Symbol – for name of element

Atomic Mass – total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus, so.. The number of neutrons is the Atomic Mass minus the atomic number.

•Electrons = 17•Protons = 17•Cl = Chlorine•Atomic Mass = 35 AMU (rounded)•Neutrons = 35-17 = 18

Sodium (Na) for Example

• How many electrons?

• How many protons?

• What its atomic mass (rounded)?

• How many neutrons?

• How many shells?

• How many valence electrons are in it’s LAST shell?

Where You Correct?

•Electrons = 11•Protons = 11•Atomic Mass = 23 AMU•Neutrons = 12 •Shells = 3•Valence electrons = 1

Alkali MetalsElements

Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr).

They are very reactive. Why? – They all have one electron in

their outer shell. That's one electron away from being happy (full shells).

– Explosive in water

Interesting Facts. – Metal– shiny and light weight.

Color Code & Label Families of Elements

Alkaline Earth MetalsElements

– beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra).

2nd Most Reactive– give up two electrons

Interesting facts– Form bases in solution– Ra - glow-in-the-dark paints. – fireworks, batteries, flashbulbs– Magnesium and calcium important in body

Transitional MetalsWhy Special? • E- can move more• Ex. change from giving 1 E-

away to giving 2 E- away, etc.

Lanthanide Series• Also called rare-earth • Found naturally on Earth• Only 1 is radioactive

Actinide Series• All radioactive• Some man-made in labs

Tall Groups 3-6 • Named after 1st element in the group

• Boron Family

• Carbon Family

• Nitrogen Family

• Oxygen Family

C 6

N 7

O 8

B 5

Al 13

Si 14

P 15

S 16

Ga 31

Ge 32

As 33

Se 34

In 49

Sn 50

Sb 51

Te 52

Tl 81

Pb 82

Bi 83

Po 84

3A 4A 5A 6A

HalogensElementsFluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br),

Iodine (I), and Astatine (At).

Reactive non-metals 7 electrons in their outer shell. Only need 1 more E- to be full! Interesting Facts

When a halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide. Ex. sodium chloride (NaCl).

Noble GasesElementsHelium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar),

Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).

Nonreactive• Inert gases• Full outer shells

Interesting Facts • Neon used in advertising signs.• Argon used in light bulbs. • Helium used to cool things and in

balloons. • Xenon used in headlights.• Can be forced to bond in labs

TWO AT THE TOP – Why are they different?

• Hydrogen – Not a metal– acts like group 1 or 7– Only 1 shell

• Helium – Only 1 shell– only 2 valence electrons

• (can’t have more)

General Trends of the Periodic Table• Atoms are arranged by their atomic

numbers.• Fr is the most active Metal (botton left) –

circle it• F is the most active Nonmetal (top right,

but not a noble gas)– circle it• Size increases downward and to the left

Na

K

Rb

Cs

ClSPSiAl

BrSeAsGeGa

ITeSbSnIn

Tl Pb Bi

Mg

Ca

Sr

Ba

Be FONCB

Now take the Online Quiz

• There are 10 questions on the Periodic Table.

• Click this link: http://www.chem4kids.com/extras/quiz_elempertable/index.html