ch. 4- urban america
TRANSCRIPT
Ch. 4- Urban America
Bell Work…Study the following picture and discuss the question in your groups.
New York City’s Mulberry Street in 1900 was home to a large population of Italian immigrants. They formed a tightly knit community. That helped them survive under very difficult living conditions.
What does this photograph tell you about the way immigrants lived?
Changing Patterns of Immigration
1. Old Immigrants- the 10+million immigrants who came to the US between 1800-1880
2. Most came for economic opportunity
3. Immigrants from both Europe and China came
4. New Immigrants- the 18+million immigrants who came to the US between 1880-1910
5. Most came from Southern and Eastern Europe
6. Severe immigration laws reduced new Chinese arrivals
7. By 1910, 1 in 12 Americans had been born in a foreign country
Old and New ImmigrantsOld Immigrants New Immigrants
Arrived before 1880
Came from Northern and
Western Europe
Were mainly Protestant
Christians
Were culturally similar to the
original American settlers
Settled both in cities and in
rural areas
Arrived between 1880-1910
Came from Southern and
Eastern Europe
Were mainly Catholics, Jews,
or Orthodox Christians
Were often culturally different
from the original American
settlers
Generally settled in cities
Your Task…Interactive Board Activities:
Maps: Old and New Immigrants to the United States, 1865-1914
Maps: Immigration Settlement Patterns, Late Nineteenth Century
Video: European Immigration
Coming to America1. Russian Jews came in search of freedom from religious
persecution
2. Southern and Eastern Europeans came for economic opportunity
3. One family member would come to US first, working and saving money
4. US passed various immigration laws
5. Ellis Island- island in NY harbor that was an entry point for immigrants coming to the US between 1892-1954
6. Angel Island- island in the SF bay that was an entry point for many Asian immigrants to the US beginning in 1910
7. Benevolent Society- aid organization set up by residents of a community to help its immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act- law that banned Chinese immigration for 10 years declaring that no Chinese people already in the US could become citizens
Gentlemen’s Agreement- pact between US and Japan which limited Japanese immigration to US
Literacy Test- test that determines a person’s ability to read
Your Assignment…
Read the article, Ellis Island History– A Brief Look, and complete the Somebody Wanted But So.
Your Assignment…
Complete the Immigration and Ellis Island activity.
Create a poster based on the research you find.
Read the Primary Sources: The Immigrant Experience, found on pages 150-151. Then, answer the questions that follow.
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question in your notebook:
Why did immigrants come to America in the late 1800s, and where did they settle?
Your Task…Interactive White Board Activity:
Video: Urbanization
Tenements- multifamily apartments, usually dark, crowded, and barely meeting minimum living standards
Political Machines1. Political Machine- informal group of professional
politicians who controlled local gov’t
2. Helped immigrants find jobs/housing, supplied coal and food, helped them become naturalized citizens
3. Often used illegal tactics to maintain control
4. Graft- using a position to gain money and power dishonestly
5. Boss Tweed- used bribery, lies, and gangs to gain control of NYC
Federal Corruption1. Credit Mobilier Scandal- American taxpayers were
charged $23million more than actual cost of continental RR
2. The Whiskey Ring stole millions of dollars of taxpayer’s money
3. R.B. Hayes issued an executive order that prohibited gov’t employees from managing political parties/campaigns
4. Garfield refused to appoint Conkling to the Cabinet
5. Pendleton Civil Service Act- required that promotions be based on merit, not on political connections
Your Assignment…
Complete the Gilded Age—Political Cartoon Analysis.
Read the commentary on each political cartoon and answer the following question in 6-8 sentences:
“To what extend did the political cartoons of the Gilded Age expose the corruption of the era?”
Cite at least 4 of the cartoons in your response.
Your Assignment…
Complete the EdPuzzle video quiz, “Gilded Age.”
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:
Why were political machines so influential in cities?
Individualism- belief that no matter what a person’s background is, he/she can still become successful through effort
Philanthropy- providing money to support humanitarian or social goals
Settlement House- neighborhood center staffed by professionals and volunteers for education, recreation, and social activities in poor areas
Social Gospel- idea that religious faith should be expressed through good works
Your Task…
Interactive Whiteboard Activity:
Whiteboard Activity: Reform Movements
Your Assignment…
Read The Settlement House Movement and answer the questions that follow.
Your Task: Structured Academic Controversy (SAC)
Question: What were the attitudes of Progressive social reformers towards immigrants?
Group 1: Progressive social reformers were generous and helpful.
Group 2: Progressive social reformers were condescending and judgmental.
Your Task: SAC25 Minutes- With your teammate, read the documents. Find three pieces of evidence which support your side.
8 Minutes- Team A presents. BOTH PARTNERS MUST PRESENT!!! Team B writes down Team A’s arguments and then repeats them back to Team A.
8 Minutes- Team B presents. BOTH PARTNERS MUST PRESENT!!! Team A writes down arguments of Team B and then repeats them back to Team B.
8 Minutes- Everyone CAN ABANDON their positions. Group of 4 attempts to develop a consensus.
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:
How did the settlement house movement work to improve living conditions for immigrants and poor Americans?
Your Task…
Interactive Whiteboard Activities:
Video: The Populist Party
Populism- political movement founded in the 1890s representing mainly farmers that favored free coinage of silver and gov’t control of RR and other large industries
Greenbacks- unit of paper currency first issued by the fed. gov’t during the Civil War
Inflation- ongoing increase in prices and decrease in the value of money
Deflation- ongoing decrease in prices and increase in the value of money
Cooperative- store where farmers buy products from each other; an enterprise owned and operated by those who use its services
Graduated Income Tax- tax based on the net income of an individual or business and which taxes different income levels at different rates
Election of 18961. People’s Party decided to make the free coinage of silver the
focus of their campaign
2. William Jennings Bryan gave a pro-silver speech athe the Democratic Convention
3. Populists decided to support Bryan
4. Republican candidate was McKinley who appealed to workers with the promise that he would provide a “full dinner pail”
5. McKinley won in a decisive victory
6. The Populist party declined after the election, but their ideals continued to influence politics
Your Task…
In your groups, read the article on The Populist Party. Complete the Incredible Shrinking Notes.
Cut and glue the notes into your notebook.
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:
Why did the Republicans win the election of 1896?
Legalized Discrimination1. Poll Tax- special tax that a person had to pay in order to
vote
2. Grandfather Clause- law added to Southern state constitutions stating a man could vote if he, his father, or grandfather had been eligible to vote before Jan. 1, 1867
3. Jim Crow Laws- enforced segregation in the southern states
4. Law passed in TN (1881) required separate railway cars for African Americans and whites
5. Plessy v. Ferguson- US Supreme Court case that established the separate-but-equal doctrine for public facilities
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)“Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. The humblest is the peer of the most powerful. The law regards man as man, and takes no account of his surroundings or of his color when his civil rights as guaranteed by the supreme law of the land are involved.”
-Justice John Marshall Harlan
Lone Dissenter of the Plessy v. Ferguson case
Racial Etiquette- strict rules of behavior that governed the social and business interactions of white and black Americans
Segregation- separation of isolation of a race, class, or group
Lynching- murder of an individual by a group or mob
NAACP- organization founded in 1909 by WEB Du Bois and other reformers to bring attention to racial inequality
Debt Peonage- system where workers are tied to their jobs until they can pay off debts they owe their employer
Your Assignment…
Complete the Analyzing Supreme Court Cases: Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896.