ch. 4.2 growth of federalism in america since 1787 –united states federal and state governments...
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Ch. 4.2 Growth of Federalism in America
• Since 1787– United States federal
and state governments have tried to work together peacefully.
– It doesn’t always work out that way.
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Growth of Federalism, A Brief History…
• 1781– Articles of Confederation in place
• No federal government at all• Only 13 states working together in a confederacy!
• 1789– US Constitution signed
• Established strong republic government based on federalism– Federalism
» a division of legal authority between state and national governments
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Then our first disagreements begin…
• Texas joins US in 1846 as a slave state
• Great Compromise of 1850– Allowed new states from Great Plains joining the US
to decide whether or not to allow slavery• Called popular sovereignty
– Idea that states could chose how they dealt with slavery.
• Remember NW Ordinance of 1787• Didn’t allow slavery in NW territories.• New states felt it did not deal with them since they were not
in that area of the US.
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Slavery is first major issue to deal with federalism
• By 1860, USA has 36 states– 21 free states– 15 slave states
• November of 1860– Election of Abraham
Lincoln
• Won with 42% of popular majority
• 11 states secede from the Union
– Secede = leave
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The Effects of the Civil War
• Had the South won1. Federal government
would no longer exist in South
2. Each state would have equal rights
3. Articles of Confederation would be re-established
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The Effects of the Civil War
• Because the North won!1. Federal government
remains sovereign!1. Becomes the
almighty!
2. State rights will forever be weakened!1. Must answer to the
federal government
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And the Federal government continues to grow in strength
• Between Civil War (1861) and end of WWII (1945)
– Federal government controls most of what is happening in United States
– Example: • Local police forces must answer to FBI
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And the Federal government grows… Government Projects
State Universities get built
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And the Federal government grows… Government Projects
CCC men work for government
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And the Federal government grows… Government Projects
TVA builds dams for electricity!
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The Grant System
• Why do state governments do what the federal government asks them to do?
– The Grant System• Federal government can give money to states.
Why would they? 1. Federal government owns a lot more money than
states.
2. Won’t share with them if they do not do what federal government tells them to do.
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This leads to federal mandates
• Federal mandates– Requirements that the federal government
imposes on state and local governments.
– Examples:• Laws directing states to take certain action dealing
with a specific issue. – Asbestos Response Act of 1986
» Forced local schools to close until asbestos was cleaned out!
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Federal Mandates
• Example 2– Give states the right to
deal with situations on their own or have federal government do it for them.
• 1970 Clean Air Act– Illinois
» government set up programs
– Ohio
» Set up E-Checks in every other county
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Federal Mandates
• Example 3– Federal government will attach ‘strings’ to
federal aid going to states. • Forces them to do certain things for federal
government.
• Example: – 1986
» Congress wanted drinking age in US to be 21 everywhere!
» Louisiana said no! We love Mardi Gras!
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Louisiana Highways, 1986
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Louisiana Highways, 1990
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Louisiana Levies, 2005
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Hurricane Katrina, 2005
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Federalism works!
• ONLY WHEN STATES AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WORK TOGETHER!