ch. 5 lipids - katy independent school districtstaff.katyisd.org/sites/thsbiologyapgt/documents/unit...
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AP Biology 2006-2007
Ch. 5
Lipids
long term energy storage
concentrated energy
Lipids: Fats & Oils
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AP Biology
Lipids
Lipids are composed of C, H, O
long hydrocarbon chains (H-C)
“Family groups”
fats
phospholipids
steroids
Do not form polymers
big molecules made of smaller subunits
not a continuing chain
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AP Biology
Fats
Structure:
glycerol (3C alcohol) + fatty acid
fatty acid =
long HC “tail” with carboxyl (COOH) group “head”
dehydration synthesis
H2O
enzyme
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AP Biology
Building Fats
Triacylglycerol
3 fatty acids linked to glycerol
ester linkage = between OH & COOH hydroxyl carboxyl
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AP Biology
Dehydration synthesis
dehydration synthesis
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
enzyme
enzyme
enzyme
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AP Biology
Fats store energy
Long HC chain
polar or non-polar?
hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
Function:
energy storage
concentrated
all H-C!
2x carbohydrates
cushion organs
insulates body
think whale blubber!
Why do humans like fatty foods?
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AP Biology
Saturated fats
All C bonded to H
No C=C double bonds
long, straight chain
most animal fats
solid at room temp.
contributes to
cardiovascular disease
(atherosclerosis)
= plaque deposits
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AP Biology
Unsaturated fats
C=C double bonds in
the fatty acids
plant & fish fats
vegetable oils
liquid at room temperature
the kinks made by double
bonded C prevent the
molecules from packing
tightly together
mono-unsaturated? poly-unsaturated?
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AP Biology
Saturated vs. unsaturated
saturated unsaturated
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AP Biology
Phospholipids
Structure:
glycerol + 2 fatty acids + PO4
PO4 = negatively charged
It’s just like a penguin…
A head at one end & a tail
at the other!
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AP Biology
Phospholipids
Hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
fatty acid tails =
PO4 head =
split “personality”
interaction with H2O
is complex & very
important! “repelled by water”
“attracted to water”
Come here, No, go away! Come here, No, go away!
hydrophobic
hydrophillic
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AP Biology
Phospholipids in water
Hydrophilic heads “attracted” to H2O
Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H2O
can self-assemble into “bubbles”
bubble = “micelle”
can also form a phospholipid bilayer
early evolutionary stage of cell?
bilayer
water
water
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AP Biology
Why is this important?
Phospholipids create a barrier in water
define outside vs. inside
they make cell membranes!
Tell them about soap!
http://www.microscopyu.com/m
oviegallery/livecellimaging/apm/
index.html
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AP Biology
Steroids
Structure:
4 fused C rings + ??
different steroids created by attaching different
functional groups to rings
different structure creates different function
examples: cholesterol, sex hormones
cholesterol
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AP Biology
Cholesterol
Important cell component
animal cell membranes
precursor of all other steroids
including vertebrate sex hormones
high levels in blood may contribute to
cardiovascular disease
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AP Biology
Cholesterol
helps keep
cell membranes
fluid & flexible
Important component of cell membrane
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AP Biology
From Cholesterol Sex Hormones What a big difference a few atoms can make!
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AP Biology
Adipose Tissue Healthfully.org
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AP Biology
Adipose Tissue
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AP Biology
Adipose Tissue
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AP Biology
2006-2007
Let’s build some
Lipids!