ch. 6 metabolism of prokaryotic cells both catabolic and anabolic chemical reactions occur. both...
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CH. 6METABOLISM OF
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
Both catabolic and anabolic chemical reactions occur.
Both oxidation and reduction chemical reactions occur.
TBL06_01: Comparison of two key aspects of cellular metabolism
How enzymes function
Ezymatic action
Figure 06.02: The mechanism of enzyme action
Figure 06.04: Metabolic pathways and enzyme inhibition
Oxidation-Reduction
Figure 06.05: Adenosine triphosphate and the ATP/ADP cycle
5.2The Catabolism of
Glucose
Glucose contains stored energy that can be extracted
• Metabolic pathways• Coupled reactions
Summary of respiration and fermentation
Glycolysis is the first stage of energy extraction
• Reactions of glycolysis• Metabolic pathway
ATP gain from glycolysisNADH formed
The Glycolytic pathway
The Krebs cycle extractsmore energy from pyruvate
• Pyruvate (Pyruvic acid) is changed to a 2 carbon acetyl in the transition stage.
A total of 8 NADH’s and 2FADH’s are gained starting with pyruvate, which includes the transition stage, and concludes with the production of OAA at the end of the Kreb’s Cycle.
A total of 2 ATP’s are made directly in the Kreb’s Cycle.
Summary of respiration and fermentation
Figure 06.08: The steps of the Krebs cycle
Figure 06.09: Summary of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM
A total of 34 ATP are produced here .
In bacteria, ETS occurs on the cell membrane
The ElectronTransport System
Electron Transport Systemof Eukaryotes
Figure 06.10: Oxidative phosphorylation in bacteria
Figure 06.MI01A: Assembly of F0F1 complex/ATP synthesis
The structure of ATP Synthase
Figure 06.11: The ATP yield from aerobic respiration
Figure 06.12: Carbohydrate, protein & fat metabolism
Fermentation produces ATP using an organic final electron
acceptor
• NAD+ is regenerated.• Lactic acid or many other organic acids are
produced as waste products.• Or a variety of alcohols and other
fermentation waste products are produced.• ATP is produced only in the glycolytic
pathway, along with 2 pyruvic acids and 2NADH’s.
Figure 06.13a: The relationship of fermentation to glycolysis
Figure 06.13b: Alcoholic fermentation
Figure 06.14: Variations in fermentation end products
Examples of fermentation with pyruvate as the intermediary
substrate
Figure 06.15: Cyanobacterial membranes
© Dr. Dennis Kunkel/Visuals Unlimited
REVIEW OF CELL RESPIRATION
C C C C C Cglucoseglucose NADNAD++ NADHNADH
C C Cpyruvatpyruvat
ee22
ADPADP ATPATP22 22
22 22
22lactatelactateNADHNADH NAD+NAD+
C C C
C C22ethanethan
olol++ 22COCO22
NADHNADH
NADNAD++
C C Cpyruvatpyruvat
ee
CoACoA
acetyl acetyl CoACoAC C
COCO22
C C Cpyruvatpyruvat
ee
acetyl acetyl CoACoAC C
Krebs
cycle
ATPATP
ADPADP
NADNAD++
NADHNADHFADFAD
FADHFADH22
33
33
NADHNADH NAD+NAD+
e-
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+H+ H+H+
H+
½ O22
H+
HO2
H+
FADHFADH22 FADFAD
ATAT
PP
ADAD
PP
Glucose + O2 CO2 + H20 + Energy
2 CO2 CO22
CoACoA
NADHNADH
Find:1. Fermentation2. Formation of acetyl
CoA3. Glycolysis4. ETC5. Kreb Cycle• Where in the cell
does each reaction take place
C C C C C C________________ NADNAD++ NADHNADH
C C C________________22 22 ________________
ADPADP ATPATP22 22
22 22 NADHNADH NAD+NAD+
C C C
C C22________________ ++ 22COCO22
NADHNADH
NADNAD++
CoACoA
______________________C C
COCO22
ATPATP
ADPADP
NADNAD++
NADHNADHFADFAD
FADHFADH22
33
33
NADHNADH NAD+NAD+
e-
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+H+ H+H+
H+
½ O22
H+
HO2
H+
2 x
FADHFADH22 FADFAD
____
____
ADAD
PP
(matrix(matrix))
2 CO2 CO22
CoACoA
NADHNADH
HH22OO++
Find:1. Electron
Transport Chain
2. Fermentation3. Formation of
acetyl CoA4. Glycolysis5. Kreb’s Cycle
C
Cell Membrane
• Explain, in your own words, the next two slides.
C C C C C Cglucoseglucose NADNAD++ NADHNADH
C C Cpyruvatpyruvat
ee22
ADPADP ATPATP22 22
22 22
22lactatelactateNADHNADH NAD+NAD+
C C C
C C22ethanethan
olol++ 22COCO22
NADHNADH
NADNAD++
C C Cpyruvatpyruvat
ee
CoACoA
acetyl acetyl CoACoAC C
COCO22
C C Cpyruvatpyruvat
ee
acetyl acetyl CoACoAC C
Krebs
cycle
ATPATP
ADPADP
NADNAD++
NADHNADHFADFAD
FADHFADH22
33
33
NADHNADH NAD+NAD+
e-
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+H+ H+H+
H+
½ O22
H+
HO2
H+
FADHFADH22 FADFAD
ATAT
PP
ADAD
PP
Glucose + O2 CO2 + H20 + Energy
2 CO2 CO22
CoACoA
NADHNADH
HH22OO++
C C C C C Cglucoseglucose NADNAD++ NADHNADH
C C Cpyruvatpyruvat
ee22 22lactatelactate
ADPADP ATPATP22 22
22 22 NADHNADH NAD+NAD+
C C C
C C22ethanoethano
ll++ 22COCO22
NADHNADH
NADNAD++
CoACoA
acetyl acetyl CoACoAC C
COCO22
Krebs
cycle
ATPATP
ADPADP
NADNAD++
NADHNADHFADFAD
FADHFADH22
33
33
NADHNADH NAD+NAD+
e-
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+H+ H+H+
H+
½ O22
H+
HO2
H+
2 x
FADHFADH22 FADFAD
ATAT
PP
ADAD
PP
CYTOSOLCYTOSOL
(matrix(matrix))
2 CO2 CO22
CoACoA
NADHNADH
HH22OO++
Cell membrane